Day 2 of the Android workshop focused on creating and testing the GUI in ADT, coding activity transitions, and starting to implement the business logic of the application. Key topics covered included dealing with multiple screens across different densities, sizes, and orientations, using different layouts like linear, relative, and frame layouts to describe the UI in XML, listing items with ListView and GridView, changing styles, inflating views, and referencing GUI elements in code when transitioning between activities. The goal was to build out the application interface.