Animal Behavior.ppt
- 1. Animals Exhibit Behavior • innate behavior - a behavior that is pre- programmed into an organisms genes, no learning is required • learned behavior - a behavior that is not pre-programmed into an organisms genes, learning this behavior is required. However, the ability to learn requires genes. • social behavior - a behavior that includes the interaction between organisms. Can be learned or innate.
- 2. Suckling • Innate Behavior • an innate behavior where mammals receive milk from their mothers
- 3. Migration • Innate Behavior. • an innate behavior where organisms move long distances seasonally to find food or bread • Immigration / Emigration
- 4. Hibernation • Innate Behavior • an innate behavior where organisms sleep through the winter to conserve energy • This requires storing food in the den or storing energy as fat. • Slow metabolism
- 5. Estivation • Innate Behavior • an innate behavior where organisms sleep through long hot dry times to conserve water and energy
- 6. Circadian Rhythms • Innate Behavior • an innate behavior where organisms remain fixed to an internal clock. • Some animals are nocturnal.
- 7. Taxis • Innate Behavior • Moving towards something it needs to survive. • Phototaxis – organisms moving toward the light.
- 8. Imprinting • Learned Behavior or Innate Behavior? • The first thing a newborn sees will be imprinted as its “mother”. • The chicks will follow the “mother” everywhere. • Scientists can get chicks to imprint them as the “mother”. The chicks will follow the scientist around.
- 9. Habituation • Learned Behavior. • The organism stops responding to a stimuli in the environment. • The bear will be naturally afraid of humans, but when it gets food near humans and comes into contact frequently it is no longer afraid.
- 10. Habituation • Learned Behavior. • The organism stops responding to a stimuli in the environment. • The chick sees a shadow and dives into the nest thinking it is a raptor. • Over time it learns to ignore some shadows because they are harmless.
- 11. Operant Conditioning • Learned Behavior. • Associate an abnormal behavior with a reward or consequence. • Rat rings a bell and gets food when the green light is lit. • Rat gets shocked when the red light is lit.
- 12. Classical Conditioning • Learned Behavior • Pavlov’s Dog • Associate an abnormal stimulus with a normal behavior.
- 13. Trial and Error • Learned Behavior. • The organism keeps trying and failing until it learns to do it right.
- 14. Courtship • Social Behaviors • Behaviors that animals do to impress a mate. • Male “Birds of Paradise” have many feathers and dances to court a mate.
- 15. Territorial Defense • Social Behavior. • Animals will fight to keep other animals out of its territory. • This maintains the food and mate supply. Male Siamese fighting fish will fight to the death.
- 16. Communication • Social Behavior. • Pheromones – chemical signals that can be detected and used for communication. • Ants leave a pheromone trail for other ants to follow. • Dancing – bees dance to tell other bees where the good flowers are. • Sounds – Animals will use sounds to warn of danger, cry for a mother, or talk to each other.
- 17. • How do innate behavior patterns function as adaptations for animals? Give some examples in your answers.
- 18. • How are learned behaviors of greater adaptive value than innate behaviors? What is the value of learning?