Annotated bibliography
- 1. Summative Assessed (SAT1) ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Noah TARINYEBWA 18 November 2014
- 2. NOAH TARINYEBWA 11/18/14 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Introduction My chosen subject is focused primarily on understanding the Participatory Design process and methodology and how aspects of it can be applied in a graphic design context. Therefore outlined below is an annotated bibliography that presents several relevant text on this subject.
- 3. NOAH TARINYEBWA 11/18/14 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 Spinuzzi, C. (2005, May). The Methodology of Participatory Design. Technical Communication, 52(2), 163-174 (12) The text aims to provide an introduction to Participatory Design by presenting a historical and methodological grounding for understanding it as a research methodology; its research designs, methods, criteria, and limitations from the point of view of a technical communicator. That being said the text provides a good starting point in understanding the WHAT and HOW of participatory design methodology with discussion about some practical applications that providing context. Clay argues that Participatory Design is a way to understand knowledge by doing, this knowledge tends to be tacit in nature and is a key focus of exploration in Participatory design; He also puts forward that Participatory design’s methodology is derived from participatory action research i.e. practical interventionistic investigations and parallel theoretical reflection emphasising co- research and co-design where researcher-designers come to a conclusion in conjunction with users. Sanders, E. B.-N. (2002). User-Centered to Participatory Design Approaches. In J. Frascara, Design and the Social Sciences: Making Connections (pp. 1-7). Taylor & Francis Books Ltd Sanders offers, that the Postdesign movement/mind-set is characterised by an attitude shift from designing for users to designing with users. I particularly find this chapter interesting because it provides an idea of how the role of the designer is changing and the reasons for that change. She proposes that the reasons for the attitude shift are; the participatory culture of today and new tools that focus on accessing experiences as opposed to the Traditional design research methods that were focused primarily on observational research focused more on what people say and think. Sanders has produced many influential texts, used today for analysing the link between design and the social sciences including some mentioned in this bibliography, for example (Sanders, Information, Inspiration and Co- creation, 2005) Kujala, S. (2003, Jan/Feb). User involvement: a review of the benefits and challenges. Behaviour & Information Technology, 22(1), 1-16 The aim of the study was to understand early user involvement, its nature, benefits and challenges. Although the author’s focus is primarily on user involvement in development of usable systems, he does provide a compelling assessment of the benefits of user involvement of which there is a correlation between the underlying ideas to those proposed by Spinuzzi for Participatory design.
- 4. NOAH TARINYEBWA 11/18/14 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3 Brandt, E. (2006). Designing exploratory design games: a framework for participation in Participatory Design? PDC '06 Proceedings of the ninth conference on Participatory design: Expanding boundaries in design - Volume 1 (pp. 57-66). ACM In this paper, Brandt argues that the use of exploratory design games such as, Games to Conceptualize Designing, The Exchange Perspective Games, Negotiation and Work-flow Oriented Design Games, Scenario Oriented Design Games; are a valuable framework to organise participation in participatory design projects. He goes on to highlight that designing the design process itself is just as important as designing the artefact i.e. organising participation is one of the cornerstones of designing. I liked the idea he put forward of using these types of games to facilitate participation and can concur with Brandt’s argument because I have first-hand experience not only as a participant in these types of games that seek to generate ideas but also crafting scenarios that had a group contribute ideas towards brand development. Buxton, B. (2010). Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design. Elsevier Science “We are not all Designers.” Buxton makes a bold statement arguing that design as a profession is as rich as math or medicine making the case for why the design professional is required in participatory design. This particular section of the book is relevant in my opinion, when making a case for the role of the designer in comparison to that of a user/ lay-person in the design process. This is complimented by Sanders, in her article titled Co-creation and the new landscapes of design, asserting that “All people are creative but not all people become designers.” Sanders, E. B.-N., & Stappers, P. J. (2008, June 24). Co- creation and the new landscapes of design. CoDesign: International Journal of CoCreation in Design and the Arts, 4(1), 5-8. Retrieved November 16, 2014 The article examines the changing landscape of the design process with emphasis on collective creativity with respect to co-design and co- creation. Sanders clarifies the distinction between the two ideas and makes assumptions on how the application of participatory design practices (both at the moment of idea generation and continuing throughout the design process at all key moments of decision) to very large-scale problems will change design and may change the world. This particular piece I found to be relevant from a Graphic Designer’s point of view since the central argument is relevant in explaining some aspects of the design profession today and it builds on the authors other work (Sanders, Information, Inspiration and Co-creation, 2005).
- 5. NOAH TARINYEBWA 11/18/14 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 4 Sanders has written extensively about participatory design; design research; co-design; co-creation; collective creativity; user-centred design as cited in this bibliography. Ind, N., Fuller, C., & Trevail, C. (2012). Brand Together : How Co-Creation Generates Innovation and Re-energizes Brands. Kogan Page In the chapter titled Co-creation is Participation, the author argues that innovation is a social activity made up of small ideas of innovation development by groups of people and usually takes a long time therefore, the author advises that we should involve as many people in idea generation and development as possible hence leaders should not manage creativity but manage for creativity. This piece makes a powerful case for the need to have a participatory approach to idea generation with key highlights in support of the argument put forward. Sanders, E. B.-N. (2005). Information, Inspiration and Co- creation. The 6th International Conference of the European Academy of Design (pp. 1-14). University of the Arts, Bremen, Germany In this piece of text, Sanders aims to inspect how research that inspires the design development process has emerged. The author notes that there are 3 research components that have emerged to influence the design development process i.e. experiential research, Evaluative research and Generative research. Although not as relevant as other pieces, this article reinforces the adaptable nature that is the participatory design process. Bratteteig, T., & Wagner, I. (2014). Disentangling Participation Power and Decision-making in Participatory Design. Springer (Blomberg & Henderson, 1990) Bratteteig argues that there is a fundamental link between understanding the practice of Participatory Design and human action, imagination, reflection, and choice. This is particularly an important piece of text because it sheds light on the role design decisions play in Participatory design (i.e. joint decisions-making practice are made possible through Participatory design). Blomberg, J. L., & Henderson, A. (1990). Reflections on participatory design: lessons from the trillium experience. In J. C. Chew, & J. Whiteside (Ed.), CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 353-360). ACM New York, NY, USA The aim of this particular text was to examine the development of a computer based design tool. I found this to be relevant because it showcased how Participatory Design was in this case not necessarily
- 6. NOAH TARINYEBWA 11/18/14 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 successfully implemented thus providing a holistic view of the idea of Participatory Design i.e. when it works and when it doesn’t work and the lessons learnt from the experience.
- 7. NOAH TARINYEBWA 11/18/14 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 Bibliography Armstrong, H. (2009). Graphic Design Theory: Readings from the Field. Ne w York: Princeton Architectural Press. Blomberg, J. L., & Henderson, A. (1990). Reflections on participatory design: lessons from the trillium experience. In J. C. Chew, & J. Whiteside (Ed.), CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 353-360). ACM New York, NY, USA. Brandt, E. (2006). Designing exploratory design games: a framework for participation in Participatory Design? PDC '06 Proceedings of the ninth conference on Participatory design: Expanding boundaries in design - Volume 1 (pp. 57-66). ACM. Bratteteig, T., & Wagner, I. (2014). Disentangling Participation Power and Decision-making in Participatory Design. Springer. Buxton, B. (2010). Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design. Elsevier Science. Carroll, J. M., Chin, G., Rosson, M. B., & Neale, D. C. (2000). The development of cooperation: five years of participatory design in the virtual school. DIS '00 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques (pp. 239-251). ACM New York, NY, USA . Frascara, J., Meurer, B., Toorn, J. v., & Winkler, D. (1997). User-Centred Graphic Design: Mass Communication And Social Change. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd. Ind, N., Fuller, C., & Trevail, C. (2012). Brand Together : How Co- Creation Generates Innovation and Re-energizes Brands. Kogan Page. Kensing, F., & Blomberg, J. (1998, September 1). Participatory Design: Issues and Concerns. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), 7(3-4), 167-185. Kujala, S. (2003, Jan/Feb). User involvement: a review of the benefits and challenges. Behaviour & Information Technology, 22(1), 1- 16. Luck, R. (2003, November). Dialogue in participatory design. Design Studies, 24(6), 523-535.
- 8. NOAH TARINYEBWA 11/18/14 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 7 Muller, M. J. (1991). PICTIVE - an exploration in participatory design. CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 225-231). ACM. Muller, M. J., & Kuhn, S. (1993, June). Participatory design. Communications of the ACM - Special issue Participatory Design, 36(6), pp. 24-28. Sanders, E. B.-N. (2002). User-Centered to Participatory Design Approaches. In J. Frascara, Design and the Social Sciences: Making Connections (pp. 1-7). Taylor & Francis Books Ltd. Sanders, E. B.-N. (2005). Information, Inspiration and Co-creation. The 6th International Conference of the European Academy of Design (pp. 1-14). University of the Arts, Bremen, Germany. Sanders, E. B.-N., & Stappers, P. J. (2008, June 24). Co-creation and the new landscapes of design. CoDesign: International Journal of CoCreation in Design and the Arts, 4(1), 5-8. Retrieved November 16, 2014 Spinuzzi, C. (2005, May). The Methodology of Participatory Design. Technical Communication, 52(2), 163-174 (12). Stonesa, C. (2007, January). Comparing synthesis strategies of novice graphic designers using digital and traditional design tools. Design Studies, 28(1), 59–72.