Annotated Bibliography On Unreliable Software

Annotated Bibliography On Unreliable Software
Unreliable Software
Kamberlin King
Department of Math, Computer and Information Sciences
Mississippi Valley State University
Itta Bena, United States of America
Kamberlin.King@mvsu.edu
Abstract– Reliable software is defined as the probability of failure–fee operation of a software system for a
specified time in a specified environment. Unreliable software is defined as the when a software system has failures
and faults within its operation. Software is unreliable when a computer program cannot perform their assigned
functions in the system's environment and ends up crashing. Many computer software specialists have been used to
thinking that if a program has one or more errors in it, it is 0% reliable; if no errors 100% reliable [3]. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fault tolerance was proposed as a technique to allow software to cope with its own faults in a manner reminiscent of
the techniques employed in hardware fault tolerance [4]. It is the essential element that is needed for the creation of
the next generation of reliable computer systems. Unreliable software is a very important factor that can have a
terrible effect on the software's quality and the software's cost. It also changes the time of software delivery. When
the test results of the systems differ the software ends up having a defect. A defect is any significant, unplanned
event that occurs during a software test.
Keywords– fault tolerance, defect, software, computer system, software errors, and software fault
I. INTRODUCTION
Reliable software and unreliable software is very important when it comes to computer systems. They both deals
with the operation of the computer systems for a specified time. Without software, computers would just be
hardware that has no specified purpose. There would never be any output or function for the computer systems
because the software is what actually gives the system life. Software is not just used for the "everyday" computer
that we sit down in from of in every day. It is used for multiple things such as pacemakers, airplanes, medical
devices, and cellular devices.
Unreliable software can cause a loss in various things. It can lead to loss of money, human
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Hotel Management System
CONTENTS 1. INRODUCTION Page No. An Overview Mission of the Project Background Study The
Organization Profile Study on Existing System 2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS Study on Proposed System Defining the
problem Developing Solution Strategies User Requirement Specification Software Requirement Specification
System Specification Application Specification Hardware Specification Software Specification Network
Specification Cost Estimation and Scheduling Final ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
N Solutions software development services cover the complete project life cycle, from requirement assessment and
task definition, to solution development, to implementation and integration, followed by support and maintenance.
The ability to integrate software with existing systems by expanding information systems infrastructure is an
important advantage of N Solutions as a turn–key solution provider. N Solutions expertise covers the following
areas: Enterprise Application Integration; Data Warehousing and Decision Support; Electronic Document
Management; Information Security; Internet/Intranet and e–Commerce solutions. Excellent quality of N Solutions
software development is guaranteed by their team of professionals with certified skills and experienced project
managers. N Solutions also ensures quality control at all stages of development process. Transparent software
development process and interaction with the customer are taken utmost care at N Solutions. They give their clients
a real commercial advantage by the professionalism, flexibility and specialist knowledge 1.3.2. Study on Existing
System EXISTING SYSTEM Hotel Management involves maintaining various operations of the hotel like Booking
or reservations of the rooms, Cancellation of the

Case Study : Software Development- Programming Essay
TASMAN INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIES NZ Diploma in Computing Level 5 Unit Standards 6776 Piyush
Dankhara 3/26/2015 Tasman International Academies Assessment Package Diploma in Information Technology
Level 7 Unit Standard 6776 Unit Title: Software Development– Programming Demonstrate computer programming
skills using an object–oriented language Version 4 Level 6 Credits 14 PURPOSE: People credited with this unit
standard are able to: explain object–oriented computer program development techniques; and design, write, modify
and test an object–oriented computer program. AIM: The assessment aim is towards achieving competency in
candidate performance on applying the principles of creating computer program using object oriented language. You
will be required to demonstrate the competency in the following aspects through submitted work on given scenario
in the assessment Task. Explain object–oriented computer program development techniques. Design an object–
oriented computer program. Write an object–oriented computer program. Modify the function of an object–oriented
computer program. Test an object–oriented computer program. Student Name
¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬______________________________
Due Date ________ Student Signature __________________________ Date Submitted ¬ –
____________________ Assessor Name: _____________________________ Assessor Signature:
__________________ For

Noteabilitypro Essay
NoteAbilityPro is a music notation software editor developed by Hamel. This software was among the first ones to
address the issue of easing the integration between a musical score and a computational music framework [Hammel,
2006]. NoteabilityPro started as a flexible music notation editor and later the Integrated Interactive Music
Performance Environment module (IIMPE) was added to support interactivity with Max/Msp (PureData).
NoteAbiltyPro communicates with Max/Msp(PureData) by sending messages, so these messages are added by the
user to the score in the NotabilityPro environment as text messages and specifies the measure and beat location with
text–numbers. Figure 5, shows one sample score of the NoteAbilityPro screen with some ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
2.2.2 Antescofo
Antescofo is a score–following system that enables to code interactions between the instrumental parts and the
computer–generated parts by providing a proprietary programming language [Giavitto, Cont and Echeveste, 2015].
Antescofo stands for anticipatory synchronization and control of interactive parameters in computer music, and its
core is a score–following system based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM) with some variants to be able to model
time changes which are one of the major drawbacks of the HMM algorithm.
The Antescofo score–following core performs tracking of audio events and triggers some customized actions written
in a text–based programming descriptor. In Antescofo, the text based representation of computer generated events
follows a Score Language design pattern, which has a long tradition in computer music since the debut of Mathews'
MUSIC–N languages in the late 60's [ Mathews, Miller, Moore, Pierce, and Risset, 1969 ], but Antescofo extends
the concept to a reactive language, meaning that customized actions responds to events. The current Antescofo
public version runs as a patch extension of Max/Msp (or PureData).
Antescofo is an event based customizable score–following, accordingly its most important programming entities in
Antescofo language are events and actions [Giavitto, Cont and Echeveste, 2015]. Figure 6 shows a sample code in
Antescofo language with events and actions. Events represents symbolic elements in the

Comparison Between R And Python
Chapter 3
Today, R and Python are the most popular open tools for Machine Learning. This Chapter presents a general
overview of R and Python, their characteristics and usage for machine learning. Lastly, a comparison matrix of R
and Python for ML is provided at the end of this chapter.
About R
R stands for both the statistical programming language and the software environment. It is one of the most popular
statistical environment for machine learning and general data analysis. R is licensed under the GNU General Public
License, with copyright held by The R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
The source code of R is written in R, C and Fortran. R is free, open source and cross platform with a large
community of users. Even though R programming is challenging, the CRAN packages reduce the number of lines
coding, with a help command giving explanation and examples of use. R also gained popularity for its fancy
visualizations.
R is today one of the most –if not the most– powerful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are both open source, free and easy to install. The choice of a tool over the other is subjective and depends on
the user's preference and personal experience. Python is a great solution if the user wants to learn a powerful
programming language for not only machine learning and statistics. Besides, if the user is already familiar with
python or with a similar programming language, Python seems a natural choice. Python is more flexible and gives
the freedom of development. R on the other hand, is more suitable if the user is specifically interested in statistical
computations and visualizations. For non–programmers, R can be very exciting; the user can easily do data
explorations and create some amazing plots with little effort. Many tutorials and books are available for beginners,
and the community is always welcoming new R users. Still, mastering R programming language demands a lot of
time, patience and

Hack Programming Language Essay
Hack programming language is used to for HipHop virtual machine (HHVM) which hack was created by Facebook
in March 2014 as a dialect of PHP. The language implementation is open source. [1] [3] Before the introducing hack
as a new programming language, it had already used by Facebook for implementation and actually Facebook
applied it in some aspects of Facebook application. HHVM is considered as an open source virtual machine based
on just–in–time (JIT) compilation which is applicable is PHP and Hack as an executable engine. Hence, HHVM into
Hack is sort of JVM into JAVA. [1] What is Hack? Hack is a service side language in Facebook. In other words,
when we hit facebook.com or get a notification from Facebook shows that we have a direct ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
If it is possible for it to handle assignment then returns the value, otherwise it shows "unexpectedvalueexception".
Shapes: Idex(): It can provide static representation of each method which shows the shape of any type. Basically
this method search shape "shape" for the filed $index and check if the field exist then it returns the value otherwise
it will return the default value. For example: [5] function run(): void { echo "== Shapes::idx ==n"; $s = shape('x'
=> 10, 'y' => 20); $v = Shapes::idx($s, 'x'); echo "$v = " . (($v == null)? "null" : $v) ."n"; $v = Shapes::idx($s, 'y');
echo "$v = " . (($v == null)? "null" : $v) ."n"; Async: used in HHVM which is included Async, Await,Available.[5]
2 Collections: There are seven collections in Hack which are as follow: [6] Vector, ImmVector, Map, ImmMap,
Set, ImmSet and Pair. Vector: Is mutable , integer–indexed, ordered sequence of values and indices starts from 1 to
n–1. ImmVector: Is an immutable version of Vector. Map: Mutable, string or integer–index, ordered sequence of
values. Values can be any type. ImmMap: Is an immutable version of Map. Set: Mutable, ordered set of unique
values. ImmSet: IS an immoutable version of Set. Pair: Is an immutable version of exactly two values. Reference
Semantics: Generally, using the mathematic rules to understand the meaning

Shodan Is A Web Index For Internet-Associated Gadgets
Presentation Shodan is a web index for Internet–associated gadgets. Web indexes, for example, Google and Bing,
are incredible for discovering sites. Be that as it may, imagine a scenario where you're keen on finding. PCs running
a specific bit of programming, (for example, Apache)? Or, then again on the off chance that you need to know
which rendition of Microsoft IIS is the most mainstream? Or, then again you need to perceive what number of
unknown FTP servers there are? About the Data Standard The data that Shodan assembles in the pennant. The
standard is printed data that depicts an administration on a device.web servers this would be the headers that are
returned or for Telnet it would be the login screen. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The opts.vulns is prefixed with (! or, on the other hand – ) , the administration is not powerless against the given
CVE. { "picks": { "heartbleed": "... 174.142.92.126:8443 – VULNERABLEn", "vulns": ["CVE–2014–0160"] } }
Shodan likewise underpins looking by the helplessness data. For instance, to look Shodan for gadgets in the USA
that are influenced by Heartbleed utilize: country:US vuln:CVE–2014–0160 Oddity In the event that the
administration bolsters EXPORT figures then the crawlers include the "CVE–2015–0204" thing to the opts.vulns
property: "picks": { "vulns": ["CVE–2015–0204"] } Logjam The crawlers attempt to associate with the SSL benefit
utilizing fleeting Diffie–Hellman figures. "dhparams": { "prime": "bbbc2dcad84674907c43fcf580e9... ",
"public_key": "49858e1f32aefe4af39b28f51c... ", "bits": 1024, "generator": 2, "unique mark": "nginx/Hardcoded
1024–piece prime" } Adaptation Ordinarily, when a program interfaces with a SSL benefit it will arrange the SSL
variant what's more, figure that ought to be utilized with the server. They will concede to a specific SSL form as
TLSv1.2, and after that utilization that for the correspondence. Shodan crawlers begin the SSL testing by doing a
typical demand with the server. Be that as it may, subsequently they additionally unequivocally attempt interfacing
with the server

Openedge 's Fund Of Programming Language
OpenEdge ABL Programming Language
Research Paper
Kaitlyn M Marin
CSIT 313– Fund of Programming Language
Professor Stefan Robila
December 1,
OpenEdge ABL Programming Language
OpenEdge ABL, Advanced Business Language, is a high–level programming language. OpenEdge ABL is
developed and maintained by Progress Software Corporation. OpenEdge ABL previously was known by other
names, such as Progress or Progress 4GL. (History 1) This language was first released in the 1980s. This first
commercial release for UNIX and DOS was in 1984, since then there has been several versions released. (History 1)
In the 1990s Progress released their first graphical interface, PROGRESS. (History 1) Throughout each era such as
GUI, web and the cloud, Progress has kept up to date with technology. In 2009 Progress released their first cloud
application that they called OpenEdge. (History 1)
OpenEdge provides a programming language for building business application. (Sadd
25). Progress provides much documentation that can easily be found on their site, www.progress.com. It is
suggested to use the documentation to refer to the information on the language; such as keywords and statements.
(Sadd 25) There are a lot of specifics about the keywords and statements that users can look into by referring to the
documentation. This language is very powerful, and it is meant for serious developers that need to solve business
problems. ( Sadd 25) In John Sadd's book, OpenEdge Development: ABL

Coordinate Transformation Using Matlab
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study Coordinate systems form a common frame of reference
for description of positions and on the other hand, coordinates are simply an ordered set of numbers that are used to
describe the positions or features in coordinate system. Transformation parameters are required to move from one
system to another. Also, new technologies like global positioning system have provide new methods of coordinates
determination the map production, update and revision are based on geographical coordinates, map–grid coordinates
or coordinates in an arbitrary system. Some other based on old (local) system. With so many geodetic datums in
current use, it is becoming almost common practice to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The origins and axes of these coordinate systems are different. While the geocentric coordinate system has its origin
at the centre of the mass of the earth and the regional (local) coordinates system has its centre different from the
geocentre. These coordinate systems are associated with the term 'datum', which uses coordinates referred to the
surface of defined ellipsoid of revolution. (Featherstone and Reit, 1998). Historically, different ellipsoids have been
chosen by different countries of the world in order to simplify surveying and mapping in their region and as such
these ellipsoids are not necessarily geocentric. In Malaysia, the region (local) coordinate system is two old or
classical triangulation networks, namely the Malayan Revised Triangulation 1968 (MRT68) for Peninsular Malaysia
where base on Modified Everest ellipsoid in Kertau and the Borneo Triangulation 1968 (BT68) for Sabah and
Sarawak based on Modified Everest ellipsoid in Timbalai. With the recent advances in space–based positioning
technology, many countries have begun to implement and subsequently adopted a global geocentric coordinate
reference system. In relation to this, Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) itself has embraced
in the early 1990s the Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with the eventual objective of adopting a global
unified datum for Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. This later led towards the establishment of a new
geodetic framework

What Is SDN Controller
The SDN layer essentially acts a virtual software switch or router in place of (or in conjunction with) the physical
network devices. Software from outside the devices takes over the job, instead of software embedded in the routers
and switches managing the traffic. The network layout, or topography, is no longer rooted in the physical. Instead, it
's flexible and adjustable to the systems' needs on the fly. SDN promises to solve both cost of labor performing
manual maintenance and administrative tasks in one single blow to the status quo. Traffic engineering problem for
SDN controller is to route the traffic in such a way that the delay and packet loss at link are minimized. In existing
scenario SDN controllers are deployed incrementally. In proposed system SDN controllers are deployed in tree like
structure such that lower level controller is controlled by upper level controller so that all the network is controlled
by single SDN controller centrally. Making possible to centralized control over the global view of network with
improved architecture will be considered. Keywords – Mininet, OpenFlow, Software Defined Networking , SDN
Controller. I. INTRODUCTION Now a day's it is important to have centralize control over the resources rather than
distributed one. In current network architectures, the network devices are bundled with a specialized control plane
and various specialized features. This essentially binds us with the features shipped with the device. SDN breaks

Developing Web Applications
Developing Web applications
There are some fundamental differences when designing and implementing an application which will run on the
web compared to classical desktop applications. In typical web applications the actual work is done remotely on a
web–server or the cloud where the user is presented with a user interface built in HTML. Through the use of
GET/POST requests or AJAX communication is handled from the client to the server. This communication layer
with the back–end is arguably where most differences between desktop and web applications lie because of its
inherent asynchronous nature. At the server side a programmer has virtually unlimited options in which he
implements the web application back end. However at the client side the web application has to be presented in a
web browser. Currently this means the implementation is bound to only use flavours of (X)HTML, CSS and
JavaScript. Even though many Web applications have been created by software developers, there currently are few
web applications which provide the necessary tools to actually create applications with. The small amount of tools
which do exist, such as CoRED (J. Lautam¨aki, A. Nieminen, J. Koskinen, T. Aho, T. Mikkonen, M. Englund, 2012)
and Cloud9 1, are fundamentally limited in the sense that they only support a select set of languages. Even though
Cloud9 supports language plug–ins, these plug–ins still have to be implemented specifically for that platform (in
JavaScript) and are mainly

Integrated Master Schedule ( Ims ) Management
Integrated Master Schedule (IMS) Management
IMS Administration: Updated Integrated Master Schedule (IMS) with identified milestones, activities and
completion status for the Human Resources (HR) section of Office Management and for the Programming, Strategic
Planning and the Transformation Initiatives & Future Concepts (TIFC) divisions.
SharePoint Administration and Support
SharePoint Administration: o Managed SharePoint access for OSP staff, TIFC Design Teams, and the Idea House
Project Managers (PM). o Developed the VBA Senior Leadership Offsite SharePoint site to collect all data
submitted by the Offsite participants. Monitored and managed the VBA Senior Leadership Offsite SharePoint site to
track and review the data submitted by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
o Met with DDIR N. Pamperin and the Planning Team to discuss the timeline in the development of the VBA Long
Range Plan draft and establish the alignment of objective goals. o Met with DDIR N. Pamperin to review the
current VBA Long Range Planning implementation process, and to identify how the outputs from the Offsite will
align with the current process.
VBA Leadership Offsite: o Held a meeting to discuss the best approach for providing support during the VBA
Offsite sessions. Discussed the best approach for soliciting the Line of Business inputs for the FY2023 Goals and
Outcomes. o Created the VBA Leadership instruction email, PowerPoint presentation and the Offsite template for
each staff office and business lines. Finalized the VBA Offsite agenda and completed edits to the Offsite timeline
slide, and agenda per DDIR B. Voigt's instructions. Formatted all spreadsheets to ensure consistency and updated
the final VBA Goals document with the amended goals. o Created the Parking Lot planning Excel document and
incorporated Insurance, Loan Guaranty, and the Office of Disability Assistance (ODA) Appeals data. Incorporated
the remaining eight Business Lines parked items into the Parking Lot document, and determined the Offsite group
session break out. o Reformatted the Office of Management (OM), Compensation, Pension & Fiduciary (P&F),
Office of Resource Management (ORM), Insurance, Loan Guaranty (LGY), Performance Analysis and

Future Of Web Design And Development Essay
AMITY INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA
Term Paper
Past, Present, and the Future of Web Design and Development
Kunal Chauhan
A1004914060
B.Sc. IT (2014–2017)
Mentor: Mrs. Deepa Gupta
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled "Past, Present and Future of Web Design and Development"
submitted to the Amity University Noida is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Mrs.
Deepa Gupta, assistant professor department of Amity Institute of Information Technology, Amity University Noida,
and this project work is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of science in Information Technology. The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any
other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.
Kunal Chauhan
Bsc. IT (Sem 3) 2014–2017
A1004914060
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Kunal Chauhan of BSc.IT from AMITY UNIVERSITY has done his semester project at NEW
DELHI from 1st June 2015 to 30th June 2015. The project entitled "Past Present and Future of Web Design and
Development" embodies the original work done by Kunal Chauhan during his above full semester project training
period.
Date:–
Signature:–
Deepa Gupta
Assistant Professor
AIIT, Amity University
Noida, Uttar Pradesh
Table of Contents
Topic Page
Abstract 5
Introduction

Introduction 6
What Is Web Design? 7
What Is Web Development? 8
Additional

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Node. Js
SP15–BCS–055–6A–COURSEASSIGNMENT3
1) NODE.Js:
It is an open– source framework and a server–side platform. It responds to actions generated by the user so it
provides an event–driven environment. Node.js uses asynchronous programming which means that when a task is
sent to the system, the server does not wait for API to return data and it does not even block it. Else, it gets ready to
handle the request and moves to the next API, and when the file has been read (event) by the system, it responds to
the client. Node.js does not support the buffering of data; it sends the output in chunks which makes it fast in
executing the code as well as memory efficient.
Node.js applications are written in JavaScript. It also provides a library of JavaScript ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Uses JavaScript syntax for development of applications. Uses TypeScript for development of applications. Uses
TypeScript 2.1 and TypeScript 2.2 for development of applications.
Does not support mobile application development. Totally focuses on mobile application development. Mobile
application development is faster with smaller file size.
Difficulty in developing SEO friendly applications. Can easily build SEO friendly applications by rendering the
HTML at server–side. It introduces View Engine in which 60% size is reduced of the produced code of components.
Animation included in application. Animation included in application. Animation is part of a separate package.
6) JSON:
JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation. It is very easy to use, read and write since it uses JavaScript syntax but
in Text Format which makes it very easy to change any JS object (form of text) into JSON and vice versa and
send/receive to/from the server; known as data–interchange language.
JSON does not depend on the language as it uses the text format and text is not restricted to any particular
programming language. It can easily convert a string from JSON format into JavaScript Objects using a method I.e.
JSON.parse(). JSON is a self–documenting language and is very easy to

A Brief Note On High Performance Computing ) Frameworks...
HPC (high performance computing) frameworks are based on both software and hardware platforms. The
mechanism called fault tolerance is nothing but process which allows system (frequently software based) to
continue working properly in case of failure of its components (one or more faults) on MPI (message passing
interface). In HPC systems like grid computing, cloud computing etc. fault tolerance method highly applicable in
order to ensure that long operating applications are finished their tasks according to time. Therefore, there are
different types of fault tolerance methods introduced in literature.
The goal of this section is to present the study on various fault tolerance methods with its working and issues
associated for HPC systems on MPI computations. Fault tolerance methods are basically divided into five main
research points listed below:
– Migration methods
– Redundancy methods
– Failure masking methods
– Failure semantic methods
– Recovery methods
Paste your text here and click on "Next" to look at this text redact do it 's factor. don 't have any text to check? don 't
have any text to check? Click "Select Samples".Data migration is the method of transferring data between storage
types, formats, or computer systems. Data migration is typically performed programmatically to attain an automated
migration, liberating up human resources from tedious tasks. It is needed once organizations or people amendment
laptop systems or upgrade to new systems, or

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Net...
Introduction .Net framework is a software development framework by Microsoft, which support Microsoft windows
OS. It provides many tools and liberties which will make the programmer to easily do the program. The
development platform includes Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and other server
technologies. The .NET Framework, as Microsoft states; "is a technology that supports building and running the
next generation of applications and XML Web services" (Microsoft, n.d.). Furthermore the company say that, the
.NET Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives: To provide a consistent object–oriented
programming environment whether object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet–
distributed, or executed remotely. To provide a code–execution ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Common Runtime Engine In .NET Framework programming language are compile into an intermediate language
known as the Common Intermediate Language (CIL). In Microsoft's implementation this intermediate language is
not interpreted but rather compiled to JIT knows as just–in–time compilation into native code. Language
Independence .NET Framework introduces a Common Type System. And this features allow .NET Framework to
supports the exchange of instances of types between programs written in any of the .NET languages. Base Class
Library The Base Class Library (BCL) is a part of the Framework Class Library (FCL) in which the functionality of
library is available to all languages using the .NET Framework. This library also provides classes which encapsulate
a number of common functions. Simplified Deployment The .NET framework simplifies the installation of
computer software in a way that it doesn't interfere with previous installed software and its security.

Television Violence Essay example
Along the coast of Maryland, just inside the state lines of Virginia lies the Quantico Naval Base, home to a fictional
investigative team lead by the unpredictable Leroy Jethro Gibbs. The ever popular television show, NCIS, focuses
on solving crimes with naval victims. These crimes have one thing in common: violence. In 2005, some workers at
Quantico find a "meat puzzle" (C. Schulenburg 9) hidden within barrels of toxic material. During this episode the
viewer is able to see a massacred body, sliced into many pieces, displayed on multiple tables in the NCIS morgue
(C. Schulenburg 9). A year later, an episode of NCIS aired showing an explosion of characters while golfing
(Update: T.V. Violencce). Violence did not originally appear on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Torr 64). After near exhaustion of the criminal theme, medical dramas began to dip their toes into the pool of
television programming. The seemingly chaotic kindling of crime on television sent the content of programming
into a regrettable downward spiral of quality. The same old violence was no longer as entertaining, which caused
networks to increase the magnitude of the violence on their shows (J. Torr 66) in order to continue engaging
viewers. This progression has brought programming to where it lies now: in trouble. The effects and solutions to the
violence displayed on television are important due to the ever increasing viewer base of certain types of
programming. Through a sundry of studies, spanning many years, from several sources, comes the debate on just
what all this violence displayed for anyone and everyone to see is doing to the viewers and how we can solve it.
Desensitization is a very insidious process which leads one to a greater acceptance of violence with less sympathy
for those who become victim to the violent acts (Television Violence). Researchers Comstock and Paik believe there
are four areas that decide if what is being watched will affect the viewer (J. Osofsky 82). The first of these four–and
the one of the reasons that society is starting to accept violence–is efficacy. "Efficacy relates to whether the violence
on the screen is rewarded or punished," (J. Osofsky 83). There is almost no punishment seen in programs after a

Software Development: Lean + Agile = Results Essay
Lean on Agile
In this competitive world of software development speed, accuracy and reliability play an important role during the
development of a product. Traditional software development models like waterfall model lack these features which
makes them not so feasible with the current scenario. The characteristics which traditional methods failed to address
were achieved by agile methodologies, which are rapid, flexible, efficient and iterative. Lean, which was proven to
be useful in the manufacturing industry is now has its applications even in software industry and is referred as Lean
Software Development. Lean is known for its principles, which when applied optimizes the work. Both agile and
lean have their own/individual set of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.1 Agile Software Development:[1]
Agile software development is defined as "set of methods that support incremental software development" [1].
Agility means responding to changes quickly and efficiently, flexible production system. Possible changes required
in software projects are in requirements, budget, schedule, resources, technology and team. For successful software
these changes should be reflected in the product. The term agile software development and the agile golden
principles were defined in agile alliance meeting in 2001.
1.1.1 Characteristics of agile:
Incremental, Cooperative, Adaptive, Iterative, Concurrent Phase development, Minimal Documentation .
1.2 Lean Software Development:
Lean Software Development (LSD) is the application of lean principles to software development.
It is more a set of guidelines than a formal methodology. It was introduced by **Toyota systems , a leading
automobile manufacturing organization. Although it originated in automobile manufacturing systems it is now used
in software development successfully. The primary focus of lean is continuous improvement and flow of the value
from the inception of the idea all the way to the customer.
2. AGILE TO LEAN
With the introduction of principles of lean in to the software development, there has been a

251143950 Database Systems Design Implementation And...
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Design, Implementation and Management Coronel Morris 11th Edition
Design, Implementation and Management Coronel Morris 11th Edition
***THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL TEXTBOOK. YOU ARE PURCHASING the Test Bank in e–version of the
following ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Database Systems Design, Implementation and Management Coronel 11th Edition Test Bank
Database Systems Design, Implementation and Management Coronel 11th Edition Test Bank
17. Structural dependence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the
application program's ability to access the data.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
18. An advantage of database systems is that you needn't perform frequent updates and apply latest patches.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
19. One disadvantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is increased costs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
20. One advantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is that the database system is
considerably less complex.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
21.
is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts.
a. End–user data
b. An encoded sample
c. An encrypted bit
d. Information
ANSWER: d
22.
is the body of information and facts about a specific subject.
a. Validation
b. A format
c. Knowledge
d. A database
ANSWER: c
23. Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to
a. data management
b. good decision making
c. knowledge
d. understanding
.
ANSWER: b
24. End–user data is
.
a. knowledge about the end users
c. information about a specific subject
b. raw facts of interest to the end user
d. accurate, relevant

Essay On Java
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I feel great pleasure in submitting the project work entitled JAVAAND ITS
APPLICATION to the department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amity University, Noida. I am very
obliged to our mentor MR. RAJESH KUMAR, without whose active cooperation, involvement, support and
guidance, this work would not have been completed successfully. He has provided us with the requisite information
whenever needed. This has helped us immensely in carrying out the work well within the given time limits.
CONTENTS ⦁ Introduction of java ⦁ History of java ⦁ Java virtual machine ⦁ Development process with java ⦁
Garbage collector ⦁ Classpath ⦁ Making of java program ⦁ Writing source code of java program ⦁ Compilation of
java program ⦁ Running a java program ⦁ Java types ⦁ Package ⦁ Class ⦁ Object ⦁ Inheritance ⦁ Interfaces ⦁ Program
for some calculation of four integer ⦁ Data types, Variables and Arrays ⦁ Online Shopping Management In Java ⦁
Critics ⦁ Generics ⦁ Unsigned integer type ⦁ Floating point arithmetic ⦁ Performance ⦁ Security ⦁ Adware ⦁
Conclusion ⦁ Bibilography Introduction Java is a situated of a few machine programming that likewise gives the
advancement of a few programming in numerous distinctive ways and which is helpful to the client or engineers. It
is utilized to play web diversions, visit with individuals far and wide, ascertains our home loan investment, and
perspective pictures in 3–measurements. It

Android
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The review of the related literature focuses on Android Application Development which is making its place as a
competitor in the mobile application technology. The review will explore how Android develops and deepens its
open source applications and related functions. It also aims to gain background knowledge for the study. Similarities
and differences of the literature are also provided for critique of the research.
Foreign Literature
Android Application Development
R. Rogers, J. Lombardo, Z. Mednieks and B. Meike (2009)
This in–depth book provides the concepts and code that is needed to start building smartphone applications with
Android programming environment. Android Application Development ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Android users through the use of SMS messaging, these two projects will serve as a solid starting point for building
real–life tablet applications.
Beginning Android Tablet Application Development, like the proponents' study, covers Android User Interface,
Using Eclipse for Android Development and Using the Android Emulator but it will not cover location–based
services applications. The material helped the proponents identify different versions of the Android platform. Since
it was created in the year 2011, there are two lacking Android versions which was developed later on. Through this,
the study will significantly know how to obtain the tools and SDK then develop a simple Android application or
progressively write sophisticated applications that will be favorable for the users. It is beneficial for the proponents'
study to have this literature because its main objective is to create and develop an application which will later on be
placed on a tablet and mobile phone.
Edutainment Animated Folktales Software to Motivate Socio–Cultural Awareness
N. A. M. Zin and N. Y. M. Nasir (2007)
Rapid advancement in the field of technology has also changed the landscape of education and entertainment. In the
field of education, instructions can be delivered using well designed interactive multimedia application software
(which will fall under Edutainment). Multimedia technology enables

Qwertyui
Methods for Convex and General Quadratic Programming∗ Philip E. Gill† Elizabeth Wong† UCSD Department of
Mathematics Technical Report NA–10–01 September 2010 Abstract Computational methods are considered for
finding a point that satisfies the secondorder necessary conditions for a general (possibly nonconvex) quadratic
program (QP). The first part of the paper defines a framework for the formulation and analysis of feasible–point
active–set methods for QP. This framework defines a class of methods in which a primal–dual search pair is the
solution of an equality–constrained subproblem involving a "working set" of linearly independent constraints. This
framework is discussed in the context of two broad classes of active–set method for ... Show more content on
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This reformulation gives the primal–dual search pair as the solution of a KKT–system formed from the QP Hessian
and the working–set constraint gradients. It is shown that, under certain circumstances, the solution of this KKT–
system may be updated using a simple recurrence relation, thereby giving a significant reduction in the number of
KKT systems that need to be solved. The linear constraints of a QP may include an arbitrary mixture of equality and
inequality constraints, where the inequality constraints may be subject to lower and/or upper bounds. Many
mathematically equivalent formulations of the constraints are possible, and the choice of formulation often depends
on the context. We consider the generic quadratic program minimize n x∈R 1 ϕ(x) = cTx + 2 xTHx subject to Ax =
b, Dx ≥ f, (1.1) where A, b, c, D, f and H are constant, H is symmetric, A is m × n, and D is mD × n. (In order to
simplify the notation, it is assumed that the inequalities involve only lower bounds.) However, the methods to be
described can be generalized to treat all forms of linear constraints. No assumptions are made about H (other than
symmetry), which implies that the objective ϕ(x) need not be convex. In the nonconvex case, however, convergence
will be to local minimizers only. In Section 4, the nonbinding direction method is extended to problems

Key Features Of The Pseudo Code
Pseudo Code is a concept that allows programmer to define certain logic in terms of plain simple steps, which can
act as a solution to the problem.
Pseudo Code is important because it helps the programmer to define the logic before implementing the actual
program. This can be extremely important when a programmer is trying to solve a very complex program. In such
cases, the programmer can understand the problem and define all the possible solutions steps in completeness and
also get it verified without the corresponding output defined. It helps programmer to save significant time and cost
while implementing the actual program.
Since, the Pseudo Code is defined in a natural language it can easily be understood by other programmers as well. ...
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This is different from Object–Oriented Languages, which operates on both Data and Code.
Procedural language executes instructions in a sequential manner. The above figure 1.2.1 shows the high level view
of a procedural language
Key features of Procedural Programming
Procedural Programming is made of a few key features, which are given below:
Pre–defined functions: Functions that are frequently needed are defined as a part of the programming language itself
so that the programmer can easily use these functions for most common functionality, which is also very repetitive.
For Example:
A function like "System.out.println" can be used to output the content on the command prompt or as an output of the
function.
Global variables: Global variables are variables that are defined at the beginning of the program and can be accessed
through the execution of the entire program. The Global variable is usually defined as a static variable.
Local variables: Local variables are variables that can only be accessed within the certain section of the code like a
function or method and not available during the complete execution of the program. In certain cases if the local
variable is redeemed with the same name as a global variable then the local variable will take precedence in the
corresponding

History of C Essay
History of: Origins and Examples
Essay written by DaMonMayers
Origins of C
What are C and OOP?
C is an advanced, high–level programming language ("Computer languages") that is used to develop powerful
applications for Microsoft® Windows®, many Linux environments, and other well–known and widely used
operating systems. C is quickly becoming the standard language for commercial software development (Oualline).
OOP, an abbreviation for object–oriented programming is simply code that "attempts to place a new layer of
abstraction between the programmer and the data he is working with ... this layer will help the programmer develop
better code more quickly than he could do before." (McHale). OOP languages must include four ... Show more
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The first implementation arose in 1958 and quickly became the standard for expressing algorithms. Algol was most
widely used in the academic community, which thusly led to its widespread usage.
P: begin integer h, i; real array A[1:5], B[1:5, 1:2]; for i := 1 step 1 until 5 do
A[I] := 6 – i; h := 1
Loop: if h *= 5 then begin B[h,1] := 1;
B[h,2] := 5 + 3 * (h – A[h]); h := h + 1; go to Loop end end P
(Parsons)
The similarity between such modern languages as Pascal and Modula–2 and Algol proves it influential to the
programming community, even today. Algol also introduced the concept of "free–format," a concept that allows
programmers to arrange the code any way they want (assuming the syntax is correct) (Parsons). This concept proves
itself useful today in making source code easier to read and eliminating the problem of "spaghetti code" (code
written in an unreadable fashion, or strung together as spaghetti is).
Simula67
Simula67 was developed by the Norwegian armed forces (Kristen Nygaard and Ole–Johan Dahl at the Norwegian
Computer Center) and was the first of its kind to use classes (as class is defined by "a program unit containing both
data and associated functions") (Overland, 3). Its development was initiated between 1961 and 1967. SIMULA I,
appearing first in 1964, was designed as a system

Parallel Support Vector Machines Is A Supervised Machine...
Parallel Support Vector Machine
Junfeng Wu Junming Chen May 6, 2016
1 INTRODUCTION
Support vector machines is a supervised machine learning alogrithom used for classification. The problem could be
written : minimize 1 |w |2 2 yi((w,xi)+b)−1≥0 where w is a linear combination of the training data: n w = αi k(xi )
i=1 this could be further written in a dual form[5]: min 1αTQα−eTα α2
0≤αi ≤C, yTα=0,
∀i ≤n where Q is the kernel matrix.
This dual form is a quadratic programming problem with linear constraints. A solver to this problem like SMO or
IPM reuquires a time complexity of O(n3) and space complexity of O(n2), which makes SVM hard to scale. In our
final project we implemented two parallel quadratic programming solvers for SVM and implemented a matrix
factorization algorithm to improve the performance. Later we evaluated our implementation.
1
i =1,...,l,
2 SMO SOLVER IN PARALLEL
SMO is one of the most common ways to solve quadratic programming problem. SMO is a iterative alogrithm. In
each iteration, the alogorithm optimize one pair of Lagrange multipliers (α1,α2) that could best accelerate the
convergence util the lagrange multipliers meet the convergence condition.
2.1 SELECTING AND UPDATING α PAIR
We select alpha1 and alpha2 that make the largest progress towards the global maximum value on each side of the
hyper plane according to the heuristic function. The heuristic function is as follow: n f (i) = aj yj k(xj ,xi )− yi j=1
The selection of α pair is as

The System Requirements : Cloud Computing
Chapter 3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Cloud Computing is an efficient way to utilise the available infractures in a
cost effective and performance efficient manner. We need to make sure that we have all the software's and
hardware's that are required for the optimal performance of our product. Analysing this is a major step that should
never be omitted. This analysis will further help us to decide the platforms on which our product can be deployed
and the software support it require. Here we suggest the minimum hardware and software specification that should
be met for our application to run efficiently. 3.1 Software Requirements Software requirement specification
provides an overview of functional and non–functional requirements of the developing ... Show more content on
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Cost of the tools used should be justifiable from the application under development's perspective. For the
development of this application we make use of following softwares. Operating System : Windows Programming
Language : JAVA/J2EE Storage : Mysql Front end language :HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT,BOOTSTRAP
Framework : Hibernate. This application is built using java as the programming language. Java has lot of features
which make it a choice of developers for application development. Few of the features are listed below. Its free,
object–oriented, easy to learn It provides multimedia, multithreading and network support. It has a rich class library
and is platform independent. Its popular among business enterprises. Large set of IDE are available for the
development of applications using java. It is secure, robust and supports distributed computing. This application is
built by using NetBeans 8.0 as the IDE. We must install jdk 1.8 to begin our implementation. Lower versions of jdk
does not provide the required level of support that is required for simulation of the work. So, it is recommended to
install jdk1.8 long with NetBeans version 8.0. Today everyone wants to access their data from all the devices that
are with them. So, a developer must make sure, the developed application is user friendly as well as device friendly.
To make our application device friendly, we make use of bootstrap for the development of front end. Bootstrap

Fuzzy Logic Based N Version Programming For Improving...
Fuzzy logic based N Version Programming for improving Software Fault Tolerance Introduction: The N–version
software concept attempts to parallel the traditional hardware fault tolerance concept of N–way redundant hardware.
In an N–version software system, each module is made with up to N different implementations. Each variant
accomplishes the same task, but hopefully in a different way. Each version then submits its answer to voter or
decider which determines the correct answer, (hopefully, all versions were the same and correct,) and returns that as
the result of the module. This system can hopefully overcome the design faults present in most software by relying
upon the design diversity concept. An important distinction in N–version software is the fact that the system could
include multiple types of hardware using multiple versions of software. The goal is to increase the diversity in order
to avoid common mode failures. Using N–version software, it is encouraged that each different version be
implemented in as diverse a manner as possible, including different tool sets, different programming languages, and
possibly different environments. The various development groups must have as little interaction related to the
programming between them as possible. N–version software can only be successful and successfully tolerate faults
if the required design diversity is met. The dependence on appropriate specifications in N–version software, (and
recovery blocks,)

C Language
The C programming language (often, just "C") is a general–purpose, procedural, imperative computer programming
language developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie for use on the Unix operating system. It has since spread
to many other operating systems, and is now one of the most widely used programming languages. C also has had a
great influence on many other popular languages,[1] especially [[C++]] which was originally designed as an
enhancement to C. It is the most commonly used programming language for writing system software,[2][3] though
it is also widely used for writing applications. Though not originally designed as a language for teaching, and
despite its somewhat unforgiving character, C is commonly used in computer science ... Show more content on
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The relatively low–level nature of the language affords the programmer close control over what the program is
doing, while allowing solutions that can be specially tailored and aggressively optimized for a particular platform.
This allows the code to run efficiently on very limited hardware, such as mass–produced consumer embedded
systems, which today are as capable as the general–purpose machines originally used to implement C.
A number of the above missing features are available

The Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem
Review of
An improved mathematical program to solve the simple assembly line balancing problem
by
Rafael Pastor and Laia Ferrer
in
IOC Research Institute, Technical University of Catalonia,
Avenue Diagonal 647, (edif. ETSEIB), p. 11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
(Received 20 July 2007; final version received 26 September 2007)
International Journal of Production Research
Vol. 47, No. 11, 1 June 2009, 2943–2959
Reviewed by Shiddarth Pitchai
IME 550– CRN 17747: Operations Research
Professor Ismet Esra Buyuktahtakin
December 3, 2014
Note: This paper for study purpose only.
Introduction
This paper is focused around planning and scheduling in production line, which propelled me to choose it. Simple
Assembly Line Balancing Problem, a hypothetical model which is picking up prevalence, can be executed in large
scale manufacturing as its point is to either to diminish the workstations (SALBP–1) or decrease the process
duration (SALBP–2). Several papers have been published on this, the first one being formulated as 0–1 math
program by Bowman and later modified to four 0–1 formulation by Patterson and Albracht(1975). First and
foremost we have to discover a range of the workstations Ei and Li with a specific end goal to relegate the
undertaking i to the earliest and most recent workstation, just like as any scientific model a preprocess is done.
Taking ti as process time; PTi as set of precede task; STi as set of succeed task, value of ct and an upper bound on

Artificial Intelligence Dangers
What are the dangers and possible benefits of Artificial Intelligence? Throughout the course of history,
technological advances have proven to not only influence, but significantly impact one's quality of life. Within
society, there are those who strongly believe that these advancements have saved lives and benefitted future
generations, while others argue against it, firmly articulating that the progression of technology will prove to work
against the overall betterment of humanity. Despite this, one cannot deny society's obsession and thirst for the next
'big' technological advancement. Human's, never content with what they have, are extremely vulnerable and
susceptible to consumeristic tendencies. Regardless of what is actually attainable, we always focus on the
technology of the future. Perhaps the definition of futuristic advancement can be best understood as Artificial
Intelligence? Surprisingly the days of Artificial Intelligence are approaching; however, with this revelation come
challenging questions. What can be gained through Artificial Intelligence –– how will humanity be impacted by this
technology? Are there potential dangers associated with it? Will Artificial Intelligence be a universal advancement?
Only through further exploration and analysis of these questions will one be able to fully grasp the notion of
Artificial Intelligence Studies have demonstrated that there are many diverse ways that Artificial Intelligence can
make one's

Integrated Master Schedule ( Ims ) Management
Integrated Master Schedule (IMS) Management
OSP IMS Administration: Updated the Integrated Master Schedule (IMS) with identified milestones, activities and
completion status for the Human Resources (HR) section of Office Management, and for the Programming,
Strategic Planning and the Transformation Initiatives & Future Concepts (TIFC) divisions. (AV Team)
SharePoint Administration: o Managed SharePoint access for the OSP Staff, TIFC Design Teams, and the Concept
Generation Project Managers (PM). (AS, AK) o Updated the programming schedule embedded into FY2018–2022
Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) Program Requirements SharePoint site to reflect programming events and
milestones. (VN) o Developed VBA Senior Leadership Offsite SharePoint site to collect all data submitted by the
offsite participants. (LD) o Created a new navigation heading 'VBA Leadership Offsite' on OSP SharePoint. (VN)
SharePoint Optimization: o Made updates to the Travel/Training Tracker form to provide additional clarity on the
column fields. (AK) o Updated the Operations Document Library to include additional metadata fields. (AK)
Strategic Planning Support
Daily Strategic Planning Stand–Up Meetings: Provided logistical and technical support for meetings, facilitated
updates, and took meeting minutes. (LD)
Benefits Portfolio Steering Committee (BPSC): Participated in the weekly project status updates on the deployment
of applications/technologies.

Vba Executive Summary
ntegrated Master Schedule (IMS) Management
OSP IMS Administration: Updated the Integrated Master Schedule (IMS) with identified milestones, activities and
completion status for the Human Resources (HR) section of Office Management, and for the Programming,
Strategic Planning and the Transformation Initiatives & Future Concepts (TIFC) divisions. (AV Team)
SharePoint Administration: o Managed SharePoint access for the OSP Staff, TIFC Design Teams, and the Concept
Generation Project Managers (PM). (AS, AK) o Developed VBA Senior Leadership Offsite SharePoint site to
collect all the data submitted by the Offsite participants. (LD, AS)
SharePoint Optimization: Assisted in establishing the user permissions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(AK)
Idea House: o Attended and provided meeting minutes during the weekly Idea House meeting. (AK) o Attended and
provided meeting minutes during the June 30, 2016 weekly meeting to discuss incorporating the 14 VBA Ideas from
Idea House into Decision Lens. (AK)
Claims Processor Reorganization (CPR): o Attended the Claims Processor Reorganization Design Team weekly
meeting to review updates and discuss the approval of the Concept Paper by the Governance Board. Captured
meeting minutes and developed the subgroup matrix to display participants and their individual assignments. (AS) o
Provided SharePoint permissions to newly assigned Design Team members and updated the views in the CPR
document library. (AS)
Transformation Mailbox and Calendar: o Monitored mailbox regularly, distributed emails as appropriate, and
responded to calendar requests. (AS, AK) o Worked with the Office of Business Process Integration (OBPI) POC to
coordinate a meeting with the OBPI and TIFC leadership to discuss adding OBPI projects to the Transformation
Governance Board agenda.

System Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc ) Methodologies
Businesses rely heavily on their information systems for decision making, an essential component of organization
management. Information systems serves several purposes in a business, ranging from transactions and assisting
leadership with difficult strategy formulation. Advances in computer–based information technology in recent years
have led to a widely variety of systems that managers are now using to make and implement decisions (Alter, 1976).
In today's businesses, systems development is a process of examining a business situation to analyze better
procedures and methods to stay competitive. System development life cycle (SDLC) methodologies are promoted as
means of improving the management and control of the software development process, structuring and simplifying
the process by specifying activities to be done and techniques to be used (Russo, 1995). Every businesses have
different types of projects that have different requirements. Therefore, businesses must choose the SDLC phases
according to the specific needs of the project. There are different types of SDLC. These are Waterfall Model, V–
Shaped Model, Prototyping Model, Spiral Model, Iterative Incremental Model, and Extreme programming (Agile
development) (Sami, 2012). Each of the models has different level of risks and benefits to cope with the project
requirements. This paper will discuss the processes of System Development Life Cycle methodologies that makes it
excessively formal and rigid and

Components Programming And Object Oriented Programming...
1. INTRODUCTION:
C++ programming language is one of the well designed and widely accepted object oriented programming
language. It was called that C++ programming language is an enhanced version of C language with some extra
keywords. It is improved and reliable form of C language.
C++ programming language has various properties due to which it becomes quite popular:–
⦁ It supports all features of both structure programming and object oriented programming language.
⦁ It provides the easiest way to handle the data hiding and encapsulation with the help of powerful keywords such as
class, private, public, and protected.
⦁ In this programming language we have to understand the meaning of various terms such as objects, class, data
abstraction and encapsulation, inheritance (one of the most powerful concept), polymorphism, data binding, and
message passing etc.
⦁ It also provides overloading of operators and functions.
⦁ C++ focuses on function and class templates for handling parameterized data types.
Advantagses of C++ :–
⦁ C++, the object oriented language provides a standard class library that can be extended by the users, thus saving a
lot of coding and debugging effort.
⦁ Object oriented language greatly enhance the possibility of reuse.
⦁ It also provides many other advantages in the production and maintenance of software such as shorter
development times, high degree of code sharing and malleability.
These advantages make OOPs an important technology for building

Copy And Paste Programming : The Production Of Highly...
Copy–and–paste programming is the production of highly repetitive computer programming code, as produced by
copy and paste operations. It is primarily a pejorative term; those who use the term are often implying a lack of
programming competence. It may also be the result of technology limitations (e.g., an insufficiently expressive
development environment) as subroutines or libraries would normally be used instead. However, there are occasions
when copy and paste programming is considered acceptable or necessary, such as for boilerplate, loop unrolling
(when not supported automatically by the compiler), or certain programming idioms, and it is supported by some
source code editors in the form of snippets.
Contents
Origins Edit
Copy and pasting is often done by inexperienced or student programmers, who find the act of writing code from
scratch difficult or irritating and prefer to search for a pre–written solution or partial solution they can use as a basis
for their own problem solving.[1] (See also Cargo cult programming)
Inexperienced programmers who copy code often do not fully understand the pre–written code they are taking. As
such, the problem arises more from their inexperience and lack of courage in programming than from the act of
copying and pasting, per se. The code often comes from disparate sources such as friends ' or co–workers ' code,
Internet forums, code provided by the student 's professors/TAs, or computer science textbooks. The result risks
being a

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Matleb
MATLAB is an efficient, user–friendly and interactive software package, which is very effective for solving
engineering, mathematical and system problems. Two versions of MATLAB commercially available are the
professional and the student versions. The professional version includes only the standard tool box and any other
tool boxes must be purchased separately. The size of the matrices is limited by the memory constrains and is
expensive. The student version of MATLAB includes the basic tool box, Simulink and symbolic tool box functions.
The size of the matrices is large but limited and inexpensive. Standard student packages are signal processing,
control systems and symbolic math. MATLAB is a high–performance language for technical computing. ... Show
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Graphs are an important way to communicate and visualize trends and patterns that are otherwise difficult to
identify and gain valuable insight into a given relation or problem in this way. Information when given in the form
of tables can be easily graphed and be used to make educated predictions and decisions. A graph, like an equation, is
the language that best helps recognize the relationship, which exists between the variables involved in a situation.
Graphs, like languages, have specific rules, some of which date back to ancient civilizations. It is believed that the
coordinate system was first used in ancient times for urban planning, surveying, and astronomy in the old Egyptian
and Babylonian civilizations. For thousands of years, the rectangular coordinate system was used, not exactly the
way we know it today. It was not until the 1600s, when it was rediscovered by the mathematicians of the time that
geometric problems could be solved by using algebraic equations and vice versa. Rene Descartes (1596–1650) and
Pierre Fermat (1601–1665) are credited with being the first mathematicians in taking such an approach. This
approach evolved over time into the Cartesian coordinate system, as it is known today.

The Problems Of The Tableau Procedure
As we mentioned in the introduction section, one of the time problems related to the Tableau procedure is checking
if the branch is closed or not. The ordinary way for checking if a branch is closed is known as highly time–cost
process. We need an intelligent and simple way to construct and check the branches. One way, is to use ordered
branches (i.e. to put the negated predicates in the branch first, and then not negated ones), but we still have a
problem if the number of negated elements is much greater than the not negated ones. The following scenario is
possible in this case,
If we choose to check if the list contains neg X and X, if neg X is the last element in the negative ones, and X is the
last element in the not negated ones, we have to process all the elements of the negated ones and in each time we
process an element we start from the beginning of the list and process the whole branch to check if its not negated
element is exist. Of course, a lot of time is consumed before tableau reaches neg X, and finds out that X is exist.
branch. The third predicate closed / 1 check the lists in the branch if the negative one is shorter than the positive on
the predicate checks if neg X is a member of the first list and X is a member of the second list; otherwise it checks if
X is in the positive list and neg
X in the negative one.
The fourth improvement, and the main idea of our implementation, is to use the multi–threading approach in
implementing the tableau procedure.

Essay on The Art and Science of Java
Answers to Review Questions Chapter 1. Introduction 1. Babbage's Analytical Engine introduced the concept of
programming to computing. 2. Augusta Ada Byron is generally recognized as the first programmer. The U.S.
Department of Defense named the Ada programming language in her honor. 3. The heart of von Neumann
architecture is the stored–programming concept, in which both data and programming instructions are stored in the
same memory system. 4. Hardware is tangible and comprises the physical parts of a computer; software is
intangible and consists of the programs the computer executes. 5. The abstract concept that forms the core of
computer science is problem–solving. 6. For a solution technique to be an algorithm, it must be Clearly ... Show
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Chapter 2. Programming by Example 1. The purpose of the comment at the beginning of each program is to convey
information to the human reader of the program about what it does. 2. A library package is a collection of tools
written by other programmers that perform useful operations, thereby saving you the trouble of implementing those
operations yourself. 3. When you execute a program developed using the acm.program package, Java invokes the
run method. 4. An argument is information that the caller of a particular method makes available to the method
itself. By accepting arguments, methods become much more general tools that provide considerable flexibility to
their callers. 5. The println method is used in the context of a ConsoleProgram to display information to the user.
The suffix ln is a shorhand for the word line and indicates that the output displayed by the println call should appear
on the current line but that any subsequent output should begin on the following line. 6. The readInt method requests
an integer value from the user and then returns that value so that it can be used as input to the program. The standard
pattern for using the readInt method looks like this: int variable = readInt("prompt"); The Art and Science of Java
Answers to review questions –3– 7. The + operator is used to signify addition when it is applied to numeric
arguments and

Electronics and Communication Engineering (Ece) Syllabus...
2007–2008 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD B.TECH.
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING I YEAR COURSE STRUCTURE Code Subject
English Mathematics – I Mathematical Methods Applied Physics C Programming and Data Structures Network
Analysis Electronic Devices and Circuits Engineering Drawing Computer Programming Lab. IT Workshop
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab English Language Communication Skills Lab. Total T 2+1 3+1 3+1 2+1 3+1
2+1 3+1 25 P/D 3 3 3 3 3 15 C 4 6 6 4 6 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 56 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD. B.TECH. ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING II Year
COURSE STRUCTURE Code Subject Mathematics – III Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes
Environmental Studies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hence, it is suggested that they read it on their own with topics selected for discussion in the class. The time should
be utilized for working out the exercises given after each section , as also for supplementing the exercises with
authentic materials of a similar kind for example, from newspaper articles, advertisements, promotional material
etc.. However, the stress in this syllabus is on skill development and practice of language skills. 2. OBJECTIVES: a.
To improve the language proficiency of the students in English with emphasis on LSRW skills. b. To equip the
students to study academic subjects with greater facility through the theoretical and practical components of the
English syllabus. c. To develop the study skills and communication skills in formal and informal situations. 3.
SYLLABUS : Listening Skills: Objectives 1. To enable students to develop their listening skill so that they may
appreciate its role in the LSRW skills approach to language and improve their pronunciation 2. To equip students
with necessary training in listening so that can comprehend the speech of people of different backgrounds and
regions Students should be given practice in listening to the sounds of the language to be able to recognise them, to
distinguish between them to mark stress and recognise and use the right intonation in sentences. Listening for
general content Listening to fill up information

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