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- 1. Antianginal Drugs Garrett J. Gross
- 16. Myocardial Preconditioning Single or multiple brief periods of ischemia result in a marked reduction in infarct size when the hearts are exposed to a more prolonged period of ischemia. Has 2 phases:Acute and Delayed PC Acute phase lasts 1-2 Hours Delayed phase lasts 24-72 Hours Nitrogycerin(GTN) produces delayed PC in animal and clinical studies. This effect persists even in the presence of tolerance to its vasodilator effects
- 17. " Decrease in the effect of a drug when administered in a long-acting form" NITRATES TOLERANCE Develops with all nitrates Is dose-dependent Disappears in 24 h. after stopping the drug Tolerance can be avoided - Using the least effective dose - Creating discontinuous plasma levels
- 19. NITRATES CONTRAINDICATIONS Previous hypersensitivity Hypotension ( < 80 mmHg) AMI with low ventricular filling pressure 1 st trimester of pregnancy WITH CAUTION: Constrictive pericarditis Intracranial hypertension Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- 21. ß-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypotension: BP < 100 mmHg Bradycardia: HR < 50 bpm Chronic bronchitis, ASTHMA Severe chronic renal insufficiency
- 24. Reasons for Using Nitrates and Beta Blockers in Combination in Angina Beta Blockers prevent reflex tachycardia and contractility produced by nitrate-induced hypotension. Nitrates prevent any coronary vasospasm produced by Beta Blockers. Nitrates prevent increases in left ventricular filling pressure or preload resulting from the negative inotropic effects produced by Beta Blockers. Nitrates and Beta Blockers both reduce myocardial oxygen consumption by different mechanisms. Nitrates and Beta Blockers both increase subendocardial blood flow by different mechanisms