1. The document discusses various techniques for asymmetric synthesis including asymmetric catalytic reduction, oxidation, and hydrogenation.
2. Asymmetric catalytic reduction uses chiral catalysts like RuCl2 [(R)-BINAP] to reduce pro-chiral compounds to chiral products. The Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation reduces β-keto esters.
3. Asymmetric catalytic oxidation uses catalysts like Sharpless epoxidation and Shi epoxidation to oxidize substrates and form enantiopure products. The Jacobsen epoxidation and Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation are examples.