Appendix iii tosonkhulstai_monitoringpresentation
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This document discusses developing a monitoring program for the Tosonkhulstai Nature Reserve in Mongolia. It summarizes methods tested to monitor key species, including: 1) Line transect surveys and area sampling to estimate marmot population numbers and densities. 2) Baited scent stations to monitor visitation rates of carnivores like foxes and determine which species are present. 3) Recommendations are made to improve the monitoring methods, such as doubling survey efforts, adding camera traps, comparing between seasons, and reducing the size of known marmot regions sampled.
Appendix iii tosonkhulstai_monitoringpresentation
- 1. Measuring Conservation Efforts: Developing a monitoring program for Tosonkhulstai Nature Reserve Tuguldor E. The Nature Conservancy Kirk A. Olson University of Massachusetts/National University of Mongolia
- 2. No form of wildlife management, Whether it is the establishment of cropping or hunting quotas, the development of tourism, or the demarcation of boundaries is possible without reliable information on the numbers, population dynamics, and movements of the animals concerned. Mike Norton‐Griffiths Counting Animals, 1978
- 10. Conservation Action Planning Workshop CAP II May 2008 Household and community consultations were conducted by the New Zealand Nature Institute Objectives 1. To facilitate participatory analysis of 1.1. Condition of species/resources and conservation values, and changes over time 1.2. “systems” and key ecological attributes 1.3. Stresses and sources of stresses on systems 1.4. Key threats on systems 1.5. Linkages of livelihood and natural resources/biodiversity 2. To develop, with local communities and governments, local strategies to reduce threats 3. To compile baseline data on socio‐economy, livestock production and weather patterns, and changes over time.
- 11. 7 6 5 4 3 2 dund oasis 1 salt sumber salt marsh 0 adag oasis 1960 - 1975 1976- gazelle 1990 1990- 2000 2001- marmot 2008 2009 - 2020 marmot gazelle adag oasis sumber salt marsh salt dund oasis
- 12. Major strategies center around: 1. Climate Change mitigation and adaptation in livestock herding. 2. Improved planning and implementation of pastureland and water resources management – bag/soum level, community/household level. Related to climate change impacts, and to changes in livestock production (very large herds, outsiders livestock/horses, loss of traditional seasonal moves) •Community organization •Agreements (soum/aimag level) on “otor” movements •Limitations on livestock numbers, particularly livestock of absentee herders, race horse owners etc. •Improving livestock products/value addition/marketing, as opposed to increasing numbers 3. Law Enforcement and good governance 4. Education/Training and Public Awareness 5. Improving stakeholder cooperation, co‐management, public and community participation, community organization
- 21. Marmots: Compare line transect sampling and area sampling methodology Carnivores: Use baited scent stations to develop a record of proportion of stations visited.
- 26. 1.6 How does distance sampling work? 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Perpendicular distance in meters 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Perpendicular distance in meters
- 27. Cell Cut Observed Expected Chi‐square Points Values Values Values 1 0.000 8.33 37 35.29 0.083 2 8.33 16.7 29 30.24 0.051 3 16.7 25.0 24 22.75 0.069 4 25.0 33.3 11 15.97 1.548 5 33.3 41.7 14 11.55 0.518 6 41.7 50.0 11 9.13 0.382 7 50.0 58.3 7 7.47 0.030 8 58.3 66.7 5 5.73 0.093 9 66.7 75.0 4 3.86 0.005 Estimate %CV df 95% Confidence Interval ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ n 142.00 k 13.000 L 356.30 n/L 0.39854 23.07 0.24264 0.65461 Left 0.0000 Width 75.000
- 28. 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Perpendicular distance in meters
- 29. Table 1. Population statistics estimated from line transect surveys and extrapolation to the number of marmots from scan sampling results reported by Winters (2010). ___________________________________________________________________________ Point Parameter Estimate SE % CV 95% Conf. Interval ____________________ _____________________________________________________ Density of Clusters 6.1 1.5 25 3.6 – 10.3 Estimated Cluster Size 2.32 0.15 6 2.04 – 2.63 Density of burrows 14.1 3.7 26 8.3 – 24.1 N (Burrow clusters) 28,041 N (Burrow clusters) 28,041 16,549 ––47,349 16,549 47,349 N (Marmots)* 47,951 28,298 – 80,966 ___________________________________________________________________________ * Derived from Winters (2010) estimation of 1.71 marmots/cluster
- 30. We still have more field work to do, So have another beer!
- 33. Table 4. Results from quadrat sampling in areas in Tosonkhulstai Nature Reserve believed to have high concentrations of marmot burrow clusters. Population total here refers to estimate number of active burrow clusters. __________________________________________ Population total Y 13,428 Population variance Var(Y) 1,279 Standard error SE(Y) 4,691 95% Confidence limits of (Y) ±9,195 95% Confidence limits as % of (Y) 68% Density (burrow clusters/km2) 20 __________________________________________
- 35. 90 cm
- 42. • 24 % of untreated stations were visited • 31 % of treated stations were visited • 22% of treated stations had sign of ‘Fox’ • 16% of untreated stations had sign of ‘Fox’ • 07% of of untreated stations had ferret sign • 09% of treated stations had ferret sign • 2 of the untreated sites had hedgehog visits
- 44. THANK YOU, NOW HAVE ANOTHER BEER and ENJOY SANJA’S PRESENTATION!!!