Application of bioinformatics in climate smart horticulture
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Bioinformatics can be applied to climate smart horticulture in several ways: 1) It allows for crop improvement through comparative genomics between crop plants and model species to identify important genes. 2) It facilitates plant breeding by providing tools for genome analysis, marker identification, and rational gene annotation. 3) Stress-tolerant varieties can be developed by using bioinformatics databases like KEGG to identify pathways and genes involved in drought resistance.
Application of bioinformatics in climate smart horticulture
- 1. Global Conference on “Technological Challengesand Human Resources for Climate Smart Horticulture” NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, NAVSARI . 28th -31st May,2014 Dr. Hetalkumar Panchal (Associate Professor) College of Agricultural Biotechnology Navsari Agricultural University, Ghod Dod Road, Surat-395007. Email: swamihetal@nau.in Ph: 9427457245 Application of Bioinformatics in Climate Smart Horticulture
- 2. Introduction Bioinformatics recourses for horticulture crops Case studies
- 3. Horticulture is one of the important sectors of agriculture which consists of fruits, flowers, vegetables, spices & condiments, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants. The importance of horticultural crops is widely acknowledged in many aspects of innovation, production, quality maintenance, for uplifting economic condition of farmers, entrepreneurs and in providing nutritional security to the people. With the increasing fast growth of population, improving economic condition and awareness of importance of fruits, vegetables and flowers, demand for horticultural products is gradually increasing. To meet the demand of horticulture product genomic technologies can be used effectively in horticultural crop improvement programmes. Improvement in horticulture crop is also required to sustain in the climate change condition and make the Climate Smart Horticulture crop.
- 4. Bioinformatics is a combination of computer, mathematics algorithm and statistics with concept in life science to solve biological problem. The main task of bioinformatics is to manage and analyse the biological data. Bioinformatics has a number of applications in plant biology. Computational tools are very much helpful in identification of ergonomically important gene by comparative analysis between crop plant and model species. Bioinformatics is a tool that is used to analyse the Biological data. We can compare Bioinformatics with Statistics. As statistics is a tool to analyse data by different formula and derive certain conclusions. (we can use either our own data or data generated by others) Data Mining (someone’s data is now mine)
- 5. Role of Bioinformatics in Horticultural Crops Crop Improvement Plant Breeding Improve Nutritional Quality Development of Stress Tolerent Varieties
- 6. CROP IMPROVEMENT Omics-based research and application development provide crucial resources to promote research in model and applied plant species. A combinatorial approach using multiple omics platforms and integration of their outcomes is now an effective strategy for clarifying molecular systems integral to improving plant productivity. Promotion of comparative genomics among model and applied plants allows us to grasp the biological properties of each species and to accelerate gene discovery and functional analyses of genes. Bioinformatics platforms and their associated databases are also essential for the effective design of approaches making the best use of genomic resources, including resource integration. Species-specific nucleotide sequence collections provide opportunities to identify the genomic aspects of phenotypic characters based on genome-wide comparative analyses and knowledge of model organisms.
- 7. “Ten Important Bioinformatics Databases” GenBank www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov nucleotide sequences Ensembl www.ensembl.org human/mouse genome (and others) PubMed www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov literature references NR www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov protein sequences SWISS-PROT www.expasy.ch protein sequences InterPro www.ebi.ac.uk protein domains OMIM www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov genetic diseases Enzymes www.chem.qmul.ac.uk enzymes PDB www.rcsb.org/pdb/ protein structures KEGG www.genome.ad.jp metabolic pathways Source: Bioinformatics for Dummies
- 8. Status of genome sequencing projects in horticultural crops.
- 9. PLANT BREEDING Plant genomics helps in understanding the genetic and molecular basis of all biological process which helps in developing new cultivars with improved quality and reduced economic and environmental cost. Now-a-days the Genome program is an important tool for the plant improvement. This genome programme helps in identifying the key genes and their function. This genome project generates data, which includes sequence information, markers etc. These data are then distributed to the multinational research community. The bioinformatics tools helps in the submission of all data through ENTREZ Global Query Cross-Database Search System to the public domain. This helps in retrieving sequence from the NCBI. The bioinformatics tools helps in providing rational annotation of genes, proteins and phenotypes.
- 10. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization is an important research approach creating usable variability for breeding. Desirable traits like resistance against pathogens or abiotic stress within varying environments, composition of metabolites or morphological traits and their responsible genes are often found only within wild species, related species and genera of the cultivars.It is possible to use the existing variability of the primary and secondary gene pool by interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization can be carried out both- way, generatively by crossing or somatically by protoplast fusion. The Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops has acquired wide experience in the development and adaption of the generative as well as somatic hybridization of vegetables, ornamentals and medical and aromatic plants for many years. Both methods are very labour- intensive, long-lasting and fraught with risk. Therefore, the breeding lines are chosen very carefully and are proved for defined valuable traits in advance.
- 11. Examples of interspecific or intergenic transferability of genic molecular markers in horticultural crops
- 12. IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY There are various ways of improving nutrition quality. It can be improved by the redirection of the cellular activity, by the modification of the enzymatic transport and by regulating the function of the cell. Various tools are available to identify the genes. With the advances in the proteomics and glycomics, there are various tools for the analysis of primary and secondary metabolic pathways.
- 13. The current advancement in plant biology research encompassing: generation of huge amount of molecular-genetic data, development of impressive methodological skills in molecular biology experimentation, and systems analyses, has set the stage to search for ways/means to utilize the available resources to strengthen interdisciplinary efforts to find solutions to the challenging goals of plant breeding efforts (such as abiotic stress tolerance) ultimately leading to gainful applications in crop improvement. A positive fall out of such a realization and efforts has been the identification/development of a new class of very useful DNA markers called genic molecular markers (GMMs) utilizing the ever-increasing archives of gene sequence information being accumulated under the EST sequencing projects on a large number of plant species in the recent years. These markers being part of the cDNA/EST-sequences, are expected to represent the functional component of the genome i.e., gene(s), in contrast to all other random DNAbased markers (RDMs) that are developed/generated from the anonymous genomic DNA sequences/domains irrespective of their genic content/information.
- 14. QTL cloned in important horticultural crops
- 15. DEVELOPMENT OF STRESS TOLERANT VARIETIES Stress tolerant varieties can be developed by identifying the Stress tolerance genes and alleles. Various tools have been developed to study the physiology, expression profiling, comparative genomics. The KEGG database contains all the metabolic pathways like the pathway for the carbohydrate production. Genes in the ABA production pathway are important for the development of drought resistant varieties. KEGG databases can be important in identifying the pathway for carbohydrate production and ABA production. After the identification of the pathway the genes involved in the same pathway are studied for the development.
- 30. Changes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in tomato introgression line IL3-2. (A) Ripened fruit of IL3-2 and its cultivated S. lycopersicum parent line M82. (B) Changes of gene expression levels and metabolite contents of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in IL3-2 compared with M82. Genes/metabolites with green background are down-regulated in IL3-2, those with yellow background are not changed, and those with gray background are not measured.
- 31. Tomato Metabolite data ID IL3-2/M82 p value trans-lycopene -43.33 1.31E-73 phytoene -3673.56 1.37E-41 Phytofluene -4312.93 1.62E-34 cis-lycopene -1600.89 2.07E-28 gamma-carotene -26.65 1.89E-10 beta-carotene -10.91 1.87E-06 total_phenolics +1.38 3.32E-05 alpha-carotene -17.09 0.025219871 delta-carotene -21.36 0.028334675 lutein -2.75 0.03217806 280nm_phenolics +1.17 0.237474698 reduced_ascorbate +1.17 0.293551165 total_ascorbate -1.33 0.392909002 ORAC +1.45 0.440811451 360nm_phenolics +1.07 0.68962953 320nm_phenolics +1.02 0.85775214
- 32. Tomato Expression data ID IL3-2/M82 p value 1-1-5.1.12.20 0.05 2.43E-05 1-1-1.4.19.19 4.733 3.70E-05 1-1-7.4.19.9 0.1 7.03E-05 1-1-2.2.17.20 0.078 7.12E-05 1-1-8.2.17.20 0.086 7.18E-05 1-1-5.2.12.7 0.092 8.86E-05 1-1-5.1.19.11 0.084 9.02E-05 1-1-2.1.17.12 0.064 0.000102 1-1-4.2.1.6 0.067 0.000234 1-1-1.2.8.15 0.079 0.00458 1-1-5.2.8.4 0.092 0.000349 1-1-6.2.17.12 0.095 0.00137 1-1-7.1.12.20 0.111 0.000121 1-1-7.4.17.15 0.119 0.00129 1-1-7.1.3.4 0.121 0.00229 1-1-4.4.17.12 0.13 0.000739 1-1-8.4.17.16 0.159 0.000208 1-1-1.1.8.1 0.191 0.00884 1-1-3.3.3.12 0.194 0.00167 1-1-6.4.19.14 0.204 0.000214 1-1-2.4.19.14 0.205 0.00286
- 33. Stress-responsive transcription Factors DataBase (STIFDB) Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID )
- 36. CONCLUSION The ultimate goal of bioinformatics is to integrate large-scale data for understanding the molecular mechanism involved in various developmental processes. This understanding can help in producing the Climate Smart Horticulture Crops. The explosion of genomic data along with other omics data has put a great responsibility on the bioinformatics community to aid in the management and analyses of such data. There is a need to not only analyze but also to integrate these data with functional information and a priori knowledge. The development of efficient and powerful in silico integrative analysis techniques can allow for higher levels of discovery and knowledge for producing the Climate Smart Horticulture Crops.
- 37. Q & A Q U E S T I O N S & A N S W E R S