APUSH Lecture Ch. 7

The
Early
Republic
Chapter
7:
Jefferson,
Madison
and
the
War
of
1812

Establishing a National Culture
• For
the
early
republic,
it
was
important
to

establish
an
“American”
culture
or
sense
of

self,
separate
from
the
British

• Americans
see
themselves
as
carriers
of

virtue
and
democracy

• Comprehensive
education
for
all
young

men
became
an
important
priority
for

the
young
republic

• Women
were
also
given
an
education
-‐

but
only
in
the
ways
of
becoming
a
good

and
proper
mother.
“Republican

Motherhood”

• Judith
Sargent
Murray,
On
the
Equality
of

the
Sexes
1790

• Mary
Wollstonecraft,
A
Vindication
of
the

Rights
of
Woman,
1792

Establishing a National Culture
• Most
schools
were

private
(and
therefore)

catered
to
the
wealthy

• Noah
Webster
-‐

development
of

Webster’s
Spelling

Book

• Mason
Weems
-‐
Life
of

Washington
(invention

of
American
myths)

• Washington
Irving
-‐

Rip
Van
Winkle
and

Sleepy
Hollow
&

James

Fenimore
Cooper
-‐

Last
of
the
Mohicans

The
Revolution
of
1800
• Adams
left
ofQice
by
making
federal

appointments
to
the
new
circuit
courts
and

appointing
John
Marshall
(Federalist)
to
the

Supreme
Court

• First
peaceful
change
in
power
from
one

political
party
to
another

• Election
ended
in
a
tie
between
Jefferson
and

Aaron
Burr
-‐
12th
Amendment
Qixes
this

problem
today

• Vote
went
to
Federalist
controlled
House

• Hamilton
convinces
House
members
(after

36
votes)
that
Jefferson
is
lesser
of
two
evils.

Thomas
Jefferson
• Views
on
government

• strict
constructionist

• power
of
government
strongly
with
states

• Extremely
informal
and
candid
personality

• Dinner
Qiasco
with
Anthony
Merry
(Br.)

• Removed
all
signs
of
pomp
and
formality
including

walking
speeches
to
Congress
and
not
speaking
(a

trait
continued
until
W.Wilson)

• Against
Federal
Debt
-‐
although
took
nation
into
debt

to
purchase
Louisiana
Territory

• Funded
Louis
and
Clark
expedition
as
a
means
of

scientiQic
and
diplomatic
research

• Viewed
Native
Americans
as
‘Noble
Savages’
and

desired
they
conform
and
join
American
society

Marbury
v.
Madison
1803
•The
previous
president,
John
Adams,

appointed
Marbury
to
be
a
federal
judge

but
it
was
never
made
ofQicial.

•Therefore,
Jefferson
and
Madison

refused
to
allow
Marbury
to
be

appointed.

• Marshall
(Federalist)
led
Supreme
Court

• Precedent:
Court
can
act
on

constitutionality
of
laws
and
be
the
Qinal

authority
on
the
meaning
of
the

Constitution
(aka:
Judicial
Review)

Republican
Policies
• Both
Federalists
and
Republicans
view
political
parties
as
self-‐serving
and

corrupt

• Jefferson
moved
to
strengthen
his
position
with
Federalists
by
appointing

New
Englanders
to
major
ofQices
(patronage)

Domestic
Policies
-‐
favored
passive
federal
policy.
Repealed
Judiciary
Act

of
1801
and
undid
some
of
Adam’s
Alien/Sedition
policies
(wants
small

gov’t)

Economy
-‐
(wants
agrarian
lifestyle)
Jefferson
saw
debt
as
beneQitting

only
the
rich.
Proposed
to
get
rid
of
debt
by:

1.
import
duties

4.
cuts
in
military

2.
sale
of
public
land

5.
cuts
in
navy

3.
cuts
in
gov’t
employment

The
Westward
Movement
• Opens
up
land
for
expansion

• Kentucky
1792

• Tennessee
1796

• Ohio
1807

• Public
land
sold
for
$2
per
acre
and
$80
per
farm

• With
the
advent
of
the
Cotton
Gin,
slavery
became

very
proQitable
surrounding
the
cotton
industry.

• The
Industrial
Revolution
in
England
also

increases
immigration
to
America
as
people
seek

work.

The
Westward
Movement
• Land
claims
by
new
settlers
happened
so
quickly
that

agreements
between
Indians
and
US
Gov’t
had
yet
to

be
worked
out

• Policies
towards
Indians:

• 1.
Encouraged
into
debt;
so
land
could
be
taken
as

repayment

• 2.
Indians
who
fought
were
forced
out

• 3.
Unfair
treaties
were
often
used

• By
1809,
Indians
had
lost
100
million
acres
in
Ohio

region

Louisiana
Purchase
1803
• Napoleon,
under
the
Treaty
of

San
Ildefonso,
transfers

Louisiana
to
France
(from
Spain)

-‐
plans
to
close
New
Orleans

• Jefferson
argues
that
if

Mississippi
River
is
closed
that

we
will
ally
with
Britain

• Livingston
and
Monroe
negotiate

with
France
(approved
to
spend

$2
million
for
New
Orleans)

• France
(Talleyrand)
offers

Louisiana
Territory
for
$15

million

Louisiana
Purchase
1803
• Purchase
doubles
the
size
of
US

• Napoleon
sells
because:

• 1.
Failed
to
stop
slave
rebellion
in

Santo
Domingo
(Haiti)

• 2.
War
against
the
British

• 3.
Needed
money

• Federalists
argued
value
of
land

• Republicans
feared
expanding

powers
of
the
president
under

Jefferson
(just
a
tad
ironic)

Political
Complications
• Aaron
Burr
(
&
the
Essex
Junto)
paranoid
by
western

expansion,
felt
secession
by
NY,
NJ
and
NE
was

imminent
for
the
Federalist
party
to
survive.

• Hamilton
works
(again)
to
defeat
Burr
as
Gov.
of

NY
calling
him
a
“dangerous
man
who
ought
not
to

be
trusted
with
the
reins
of
gov.”

• Burr-‐Hamilton
Duel
-‐
July
11,
1804

• Hamilton
shoots
Qirst
(above
Burr’s
head
on

purpose)

• Burr
reacts
and
shoots
Hamilton
in
the
abdomen

• Burr
raises
an
army
and
travels
to
Ohio
Valley
to
attack

New
Orleans.
Plot
was
exposed
and
made
public
by

James
Wilkinson
and
Burr
went
to
trial
for
treason.

War
and
American
Trade
1808-‐1811
-‐
Britain
impressed
over

6,000
American
sailors.

Chesapeake-‐Leopard
Affair
-‐
June
21,
1807

Br.
Captain
Qired
on
the
USS
Chesapeake.

3
dead,
18
wounded.

Br.
Foreign
OfQice
said
it
was
a
mistake.

Jefferson’s
Response:

Forbade
Br.
ships
to

dock
in
American
ports.

Ordered
state
governors
to
call
up
as
much

as
100,000
militiamen.
Chesapeake-‐Leopard
Affair

The
Embargo
Act
of
1807
‣ Forbade
export
of
all

goods
from
the
US.

‣ Fines
and
forfeiture
of

goods
if
caught

‣ Unexpected

Consequences:

-‐ 1807
exports
$108

mil.

-‐
1808
exports
$
22
mil.

-‐ Federalists
argued

potential
secession
and

supported
anti-‐embargo

protests

The
Non-‐Intercourse
Act
(1809)
• Replaced
the
Embargo
Act.

• Later
modiQied
with
the
Macon
Bill
No.
2
(1810)

• Reopened
trade
with
all
nations
EXCEPT
Britain
and

France.

• Remained
U.
S.
policy
until
1812.

Unexpected
Consequences:

•N.
Eng.
was
forced
to
become
self-‐sufQicient

again
[old
factories
reopened].

•Laid
the
groundwork
for
US
industrial
power.

•Jefferson,
a
critic
of
an
industrial
America,

ironically
contributed
to
Hamilton’s
view
of
the

US

James
Madison
and
War
of
1812
• June
18,
1812
congress
supports

Madison’s
declaration
of
War
with

Britain

• Federalists
(industrialists
were

against)

• Federalists
(merchants
and
sailors

were
supportive)

• Republicans
and
new

Congressional
War
Hawks

support
war
(Clay,
Calhoun)

• 1.
expanded
territory

• 2.
economic
growth

• 3.
increase
in
nationalism

James
Madison
and
War
of
1812
• British
ally
with
Indians

(Tecumseh
and
the
‘Prophet’)

uniQies
tribes
to
attempt
to
push

out
Americans

• Britain’s
willingness
to
ally
with

‘savages’
ended
any
congeniality

between
the
two
nations.

• William
Henry
Harrison
attacks

Br.
and
Indians

• Tremendous
victory
at
Bat.

of
Tippecanoe,
1811

• Native
American
Alliance
was

dealt
a
major
blow
at
the
Battle

of
the
Thames
River,
1813

• Tecumseh
suffers
fatal

injury
-‐
ends
hope
for
N.A.

victory

James
Madison
and
War
of
1812
• Madison
wins
election
-‐
but
barely
-‐
nation
is

divided
during
war
with
Britain

• Lack
of
naval
expansion
under
Jefferson
and

Madison
resulted
in
uneven
conQlicts

• Americans
had
16
Qinished
ocean
going

vessels
and
74
in
progress.
The
British

had
over
800
in
the
Atlantic.

• Madison
hoping
Britain
would
be
occupied

with
France
again.

• By
1814
British
are
focused
on
only
America

• White
House
is
burned
to
the
ground
(Aug

24,
1814)

War
of
1812
• Battle
of
Lake
Erie,
1813
-‐
“Old

Ironsides”;
(Battle
of
Thames
River)

• Battle
of
Plattsburg
Sept,
1814
-‐
Decisive

victory
in
NE/Lake
Champlain

• Battle
of
Fort
McHenry
(Sept.
1814)
-‐

national
anthem
(Francis
Scott
Key)

based
on
events
in
this
battle;
defense
of

Baltimore

• Treaty
of
Ghent
(Dec.
24,
1814)

-‐
both

sides
argued
to
have
unreasonable

demands
met.
However,
British
public
is

weary
from
war
and
taxes
after
decades

of
conQlict
between
the
American

colonies
and
France.
Therefore,
treaty
is

signed
that
restores
all
conditions
prior

to
the
conQlict
(a
draw)

• Battle
of
New
Orleans
(Jan.

1815)
-‐
Word
had
not

spread
to
Jackson
yet
on
the

peace
agreement.
Andrew

Jackson
in
New
Orleans

attacked
and
massacred

British
troops.
700
British

die
to
8
Americans
War
of
1812

Jackson
Decides
to
Take

Florida
for
the
President
• Adams
Onis
Treaty,
(1819)
-‐
Jackson

under
the
guise
of
punishing
Indians
for

siding
with
the
British
leads
a
military

force
into
Florida
to
“encourage”
a
treaty

with
Spain
for
acquisition
of
Florida.

• Three
Important
Consequences
of
the

War

1.
End
of
the
Federalist
Party

2.
Encouraged
American
Industrial

Growth

3.
ConQirmed
US
Independence
to
the

World.

Results
of
the
War
of
1812
• Winners:
War
Hawks
emboldened

(platform
of
western
expansion,
national

improvements
like
turnpikes)

Republicans
in
general
and
Andrew

Jackson

• Losers:
Native
Americans,
Federalists

• Hartford
Convention
1814-‐15
-‐

Convention
of
NE
Federalists
that
met

to
discuss
unhappiness
with
War
of

1812,
Louisiana
Purchase,
Embargoes

starting
in
1807;
also
discussed
3/5th

Compromise,
restricting
Westward

expansion
and
potential
NE
secession

from
the
Union.
A.
Jackson’s
victory

humiliated
the
Federalists
and
further

strengthened
the
national
shift
to
the

Jeffersonian
Republicans.

Results
of
the
War
of
1812
• Renewed
sense
of
nationalism/American

exceptionalism

• Rush-‐Bagot
Agreement,
1817
-‐
demilitarized
US/
Canada
border

• End
of
involvement
in
European
affairs
for
next
100

years

• America
looks
inward

• Isolation
comes
as
a
result
of
Monroe
Doctrine

• Industry
begins
in
the
U.S.

• 1814
Francis
Lowell
of
Mass.
opens
the
Qirst

totally
mechanized
factory
for
processing
raw

cotton
into
Qinished
cloth.

• 1814
Eli
Terry
of
Conn.
develops
a
30
hour

(wind
up)
table
clock
that
utilizes

‘interchangeable
parts’

APUSH Lecture Ch. 7

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to APUSH Lecture Ch. 7 (20)

More from bwellington (17)

Recently uploaded (20)

APUSH Lecture Ch. 7