Architectural Development Tracks
- 2. MULTIPLE–PROCESSOR TRACKS It can be either a shared-memory multiprocessor or a distributed-memory multicomputer Shared-memory track Single address space in the entire system The track started with C.mmp
- 3. NYU Ultrcomputer & Illinois Cedar They were developed with a single address space Both systems used multistage networks as a system interconnect Ultracomputer developed the combining network for fast synchronization among multiple processors NYU developed by Allan Gottlieb in 1983
- 4. The major achievements in Cedar project are in parallel compilers and performance benchmarking experiments Illinois Cedar project was developed by David Kuck in 1987 Cedar is a cluster-based shared memory multiprocessor The system consists of four clusters connected through two unidirectional interconnection networks to a globally shared memory
- 5. Stanford Dash NUMA multiprocessor Distributed memories forming a global address space Cache coherence is enforced with distributed directories
- 6. Fujitsu VPP500 222-processor system with a crossbar interconnect Shared memories are distributed to all processor nodes KSR 1 It’s a typical COMA model Kendall Square Research,1990
- 7. IBM RP3 & BBN Butterfly These are two large-scale multiprocessors Both use multistage networks but with different interstage connections RP3, the Research Parallel Processing Prototype, was a research vehicle for exploring the hardware and software aspects of highly parallel computation. RP3 was a shared-memory machine that was designed to be scalable to 512 processors; a 64-processor machine was in operation from October 1988 through March 1991
- 8. The BBN Butterfly was a massively parallel computer built by Bolt, Beranek and Newman in the 1980s. Each machine had up to 512 CPUs, each with local memory, which could be connected to allow every CPU access to every other CPU's memory, although with a substantially greater latency (roughly 15:1) than for its own. The CPUs were commodity microprocessors. The memory address space was shared.
- 10. Cosmic Cube The Caltech Cosmic Cube was a parallel computer, developed by Charles Seitz and Geoffrey from 1981 onward It leads the development of message-passing multicomputers It was an early attempt to capitalise on VLSI to speed up scientific calculations at a reasonable cost
- 11. Intel has produced a series of medium –grain hypercube computers(the iPSCs) The nCUBE 2 is also a hypercube configuration Paragon is the latest Intel system Mosaic and the MIT J-Machine are on the research track which are the two fine-grain multicomputers
- 13. MULTIVECTOR & SIMD TRACKS Multivector track These are traditional vector supercomputers The CDC 7600 was the first vector dual-processor system The Cray and Japanese supercomputers followed the register-to-register architecture Cray 1 leads the multivector development in 1978 The latest Cray/MPP is a massively parallel with distributed shared memory Its work as a back-end accelerator with Cray Y-MP Series
- 16. The SIMD Track The Illiac IV leads the construction of SIMD computers The Goodyear MPP, the AMT/DAP610, and the TMC/CM-2,are all SIMD machines built with bit-slice PEs The CM-5 is a synchronized MIMD machine executing in a multiple-SIMD mode
- 17. The word-wide PEs is used in : BSP was a shared-memory SIMD machine built with 16 processors updating a group of 17 memory modules synchronously The GF11 was developed at the IBM Watson Laboratory for scientific simulation research use The MasPar MP1 is the only medium-grain SIMD computer currently in production use