Arduino、Web 到 IoT
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Arduino is a popular hardware platform for IoT projects. This document discusses connecting Arduino devices to the web and cloud services. It introduces IoT concepts and components like hardware devices, communication protocols, data storage, and business logic. Ways to connect Arduino to web servers using libraries and shields are described. Popular cloud IoT platforms like ThingSpeak and Temboo and how to use them with Arduino Yun are also covered.
![#include <Bridge.h>
char state[2];
void setup() {
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
Bridge.begin();
}
void loop() {
Bridge.get("state", state, 2);
digitalWrite(13, atoi(state));
delay(500);
}
42](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/arduinowebiot-160108115126/85/Arduino-Web-IoT-42-320.jpg)
![import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '/usr/lib/python2.7/bridge/')
from bridgeclient import BridgeClient
state = sys.argv[1]
BridgeClient().put('state', state)
root@arduino:~# python lightUpL13.py 1
root@arduino:~# python lightUpL13.py 0
45](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/arduinowebiot-160108115126/85/Arduino-Web-IoT-45-320.jpg)
Arduino、Web 到 IoT
- 2. 內容 • IoT 與 Arduino • Arduino 與 Web 伺服器 • 硬體上的網路支援 • 雲端 IoT 服務 2
- 3. IoT 與 Arduino • IoT • Internet of Things • 物聯網 程 式 硬 體 資料 網路 3
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- 7. 通訊協定 http://electronicdesign.com/iot/understanding-protocols-behind-internet-things7
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- 11. Arduino 最初是針對不會寫程式，也不懂電子學，沒有任何技術背景的學生而設計，他們是 義大利北部伊夫雷亞（Ivrea）互動設計學院（Interaction Design Institute Ivrea） 的學生，身為Arduino計劃共同開發者之一的Massimo Banzi，曾在〈超越兆赫的 人們〉中提到「我們給了這些學生2到4星期的時間，讓他們製作物理運算的物品， 當時，市售的工具幾乎都是以工程師為對象，所以不管是配件或是跳線、接頭的數 量都很多。這對學生來說，似乎太過複雜，使得學生不知道該如何處置。」為了解 決這些問題，於2005年誕生的就是Arduino！ 11
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- 17. Arduino 與 Web 伺服器 從 S4A 開始 17
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- 19. Web 伺服器 19
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- 21. Firmware USB 21
- 23. 瀏覽器 網路 23
- 25. 〈Interfacing with Other Software〉 25
- 26. Arduino and Python >>> import serial >>> ser = serial.Serial('/dev/tty.usbserial', 9600) >>> while True: ... print ser.readline() '1 Hello world!rn' '2 Hello world!rn' '3 Hello world!rn' >>> import serial # if you have not already done so >>> ser = serial.Serial('/dev/tty.usbserial', 9600) >>> ser.write('5') http://playground.arduino.cc/interfacing/python 26
- 28. 硬體上的網路支援 28
- 30. Arduino WiFi Shield Arduino WiFi Shield 101 30
- 32. Arduino Yún 32
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- 35. arduino.local （必須支援 Bonjour 服務） 35
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- 37. 無線網卡模式 37
- 38. 無線上傳 Sketch 38
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- 40. void setup() { pinMode(13, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(13, HIGH); delay(1000); digitalWrite(13, LOW); delay(1000); } 40
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- 42. #include <Bridge.h> char state[2]; void setup() { pinMode(13, OUTPUT); Bridge.begin(); } void loop() { Bridge.get("state", state, 2); digitalWrite(13, atoi(state)); delay(500); } 42
- 43. Python 點亮光明燈 43
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- 45. import sys sys.path.insert(0, '/usr/lib/python2.7/bridge/') from bridgeclient import BridgeClient state = sys.argv[1] BridgeClient().put('state', state) root@arduino:~# python lightUpL13.py 1 root@arduino:~# python lightUpL13.py 0 45
- 47. import sys import SimpleHTTPServer import SocketServer sys.path.insert(0, '/usr/lib/python2.7/bridge/') from bridgeclient import BridgeClient class LedRequestHandler(SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler): def do_GET(self): if self.path == '/ledOn': BridgeClient().put('state', '1') elif self.path == '/ledOff': BridgeClient().put('state', '0') self.path = '/led.html' return SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler.do_GET(self) server = SocketServer.TCPServer(('0.0.0.0', 8000), LedRequestHandler) server.serve_forever() 47
- 48. led.html <html> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="content- type"> <title></title> </head> <body> <p><a href="ledOn">On</a> <a href="ledOff">Off</a></p> </body> </html> 48
- 49. YunServer 與 YunClient #include <Bridge.h> #include <YunServer.h> #include <YunClient.h> YunServer server; void setup() { pinMode(13,OUTPUT); digitalWrite(13, HIGH); Bridge.begin(); server.listenOnLocalhost(); server.begin(); digitalWrite(13, LOW); } 49
- 50. void loop() { YunClient client = server.accept(); if(client) { process(client); client.stop(); } delay(500); } void process(YunClient client) { String command = client.readStringUntil('r'); if (command == "ledOn") { digitalWrite(13, HIGH); } else if (command == "ledOff") { digitalWrite(13, LOW); } } 50
- 52. 雲端 IoT 服務 52
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- 56. #include "Bridge.h" #include "HttpClient.h" //ThingSpeak Settings String thingSpeakAPI = "api.thingspeak.com"; String talkBackAPIKey = "IIR7WFDPFM7DSHP9"; String talkBackID = "5129"; const int checkTalkBackInterval = 15 * 1000; // Variable Setup long lastConnectionTime = 0; void setup() { // Setup On-board LED pinMode(13, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(13, LOW); delay(1000); digitalWrite(13, HIGH); delay(1000); digitalWrite(13, LOW); Bridge.begin(); } void loop() { checkTalkBack(); delay(checkTalkBackInterval); } 56
- 57. void checkTalkBack() { HttpClient client; String talkBackCommand; char charIn; String talkBackURL = "http://" + thingSpeakAPI + "/talkbacks/" + talkBackID + "/commands/execute?api_key=" + talkBackAPIKey; client.get(talkBackURL); while (client.available()) { charIn = client.read(); talkBackCommand += charIn; } if (talkBackCommand == “TURN_ON”) { digitalWrite(13, HIGH); } else if (talkBackCommand == “TURN_OFF”) { digitalWrite(13, LOW); } delay(1000); } 57
- 58. Temboo 58
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- 62. /* IMPORTANT NOTE about TembooAccount.h TembooAccount.h contains your Temboo account information and must be included alongside your sketch. To do so, make a new tab in Arduino, call it TembooAccount.h, and copy this content into it. */ #define TEMBOO_ACCOUNT "caterpillar" // Your Temboo account name #define TEMBOO_APP_KEY_NAME "myFirstApp" // Your Temboo app key name #define TEMBOO_APP_KEY "e2f55cf1c2524ae59e70a89d3f96f831" // Your Temboo app key /* The same TembooAccount.h file settings can be used for all Temboo SDK sketches. Keeping your account information in a separate file means you can share the main .ino file without worrying that you forgot to delete your credentials. */ TembooAccount.h 62
- 63. #include <Bridge.h> #include <Temboo.h> #include "TembooAccount.h" // contains Temboo account information, as described below int numRuns = 1; // Execution count, so this doesn't run forever int maxRuns = 10; // Maximum number of times the Choreo should be executed void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); // For debugging, wait until the serial console is connected delay(4000); while(!Serial); Bridge.begin(); } void loop() { if (numRuns <= maxRuns) { Serial.println("Running GetWeatherByAddress - Run #" + String(numRuns++)); TembooChoreo GetWeatherByAddressChoreo; // Invoke the Temboo client GetWeatherByAddressChoreo.begin(); // Set Temboo account credentials GetWeatherByAddressChoreo.setAccountName(TEMBOO_ACCOUNT); GetWeatherByAddressChoreo.setAppKeyName(TEMBOO_APP_KEY_NAME); GetWeatherByAddressChoreo.setAppKey(TEMBOO_APP_KEY); // Set Choreo inputs GetWeatherByAddressChoreo.addInput("Address", "Taipei"); // Identify the Choreo to run GetWeatherByAddressChoreo.setChoreo("/Library/Yahoo/Weather/GetWeatherByAddress"); // Run the Choreo; when results are available, print them to serial GetWeatherByAddressChoreo.run(); while(GetWeatherByAddressChoreo.available()) { char c = GetWeatherByAddressChoreo.read(); Serial.print(c); } GetWeatherByAddressChoreo.close(); } Serial.println("Waiting..."); delay(30000); // wait 30 seconds between GetWeatherByAddress calls } 透過 USB 連接 TembooAccount.ino 63
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- 65. Parse for IoT 65
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- 68. 草稿碼 → Include Library… → Manage Libraries… parse 安裝 Parse Arduino SDK 68
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- 71. #include <Bridge.h> String revision = "1.0.2-1_ar71xx"; String location = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ParsePlatform/parse-embedded- sdks/1.0.2/yun/linux_package/"; void downloadPackage(String file) { Serial.println("Download: " + location + file + revision + ".ipk"); Process p; p.begin("curl"); p.addParameter("--stderr"); p.addParameter("-"); p.addParameter("-#"); p.addParameter("-s"); p.addParameter("-S"); p.addParameter("-k"); p.addParameter("-o"); p.addParameter("/tmp/" + file + revision + ".ipk"); p.addParameter(location + file + revision + ".ipk"); p.run(); while (p.available()) { Serial.print((char)p.read()); } } 71
- 72. void installPackage(String file) { Serial.println("Install: /tmp/" + file + revision + ".ipk"); Process p; p.begin("opkg"); p.addParameter("install"); p.addParameter("--force-reinstall"); p.addParameter("--force-downgrade"); p.addParameter("/tmp/" + file + revision + ".ipk"); p.run(); while(p.available()) { Serial.print((char)p.read()); } } void setup() { Bridge.begin(); Serial.begin(115200); while(!Serial); Serial.println("Downloading packages"); downloadPackage("parse-embedded_"); downloadPackage("parse-embedded-yun_"); Serial.println("Installing packages"); installPackage("parse-embedded_"); installPackage("parse-embedded-yun_"); Serial.println("nDone."); } 72
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- 74. 儲存物件 #include <Bridge.h> #include <Parse.h> void setup() { // Initialize digital pin 13 as an output. pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // Initialize Bridge Bridge.begin(); // Initialize Serial Serial.begin(9600); while (!Serial); // wait for a serial connection Serial.println("Parse Starter Project"); // Initialize Parse Parse.begin("dOpHkBs6A2XOToydYC7r7r1BmFxCgd6nU7JQ85Fw", "BGyFLJuHJvje0LB6Ms9ZN30Mh1DfoKE43V3bq3FN"); 74
- 75. ParseObjectCreate create; create.setClassName("TestObject"); create.add("foo", "bar"); ParseResponse response = create.send(); Serial.println("nResponse for saving a TestObject:"); Serial.print(response.getJSONBody()); if (!response.getErrorCode()) { String objectId = response.getString("objectId"); Serial.print("Test object id:"); Serial.println(objectId); } else { Serial.println("Failed to save the object"); } response.close(); // Do not forget to free the resource } 75
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- 77. Push 通知 #include <Bridge.h> #include <Parse.h> void setup() { pinMode(13, OUTPUT); Bridge.begin(); Serial.begin(9600); while (!Serial); Serial.println("Parse Starter Project"); Parse.begin("dOpHkBs6A2XOToydYC7r7r1BmFxCgd6nU7JQ85Fw", "BGyFLJuHJvje0LB6Ms9ZN30Mh1DfoKE43V3bq3FN"); // Start push service Parse.startPushService(); Serial.print("Push Installation ID:"); Serial.println(Parse.getInstallationId()); } 77
- 78. void loop() { // Check if there is a new push // A push with message {"alert":"A test push from Parse!"} // will turn on LED for 3 seconds if (Parse.pushAvailable()) { ParsePush push = Parse.nextPush(); String message = push.getJSONBody(); Serial.print("New push message size: "); Serial.println(message.length()); Serial.print("New push message content: "); Serial.println(message); String command = push.getString("alert"); if (command == "A test push from Parse!") { digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // turn on LED delay(3000); // wait 3 seconds digitalWrite(13, LOW); // turn off LED } // NOTE: ensure to close current push message // otherwise next push won't be available push.close(); } } 78
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- 81. 參考 • IoT 和 Big Data 商機的迷思 • Arduino、Web 到 IoT 81