Arrays

C Programming
Language
By:
Yogendra Pal
yogendra@learnbywatch.com
Dedicated to My mother and Father

t
y
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THIS IS ARRAYS

2

Introduction
• Arrays
– Group of consecutive memory locations.
– Each memory location is known as element.
– The name and type of each element is same.
– Declare an array with the name and size.
• data_type array_name[size];
int a[5];
char name[20];

3

Introduction…
int a[5];
• Above statement creates an array of…
• Data type: integer
First element at 0th position
• Array name: a
• Array size : 5
Memory
• Counting starts from 0.
0 1 2 3 4

4

Introduction…
• Format to access an element.
– array_name[position];
int a[5];
Printf(“%d”,a[3]);

0 1 2 3 4

5

Initialization of Array
• Initialize at the time of declaration.
int a[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
• Initialization all elements with zero.
int a[5] = { 0 };
• Initialize all element and define it’s size.
int a[ ] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
• 5 values means 5 elements in array a.
6

Initialization of Array…
• All the elements can be initialized as the
normal variables.
int a[5];
a[0] = 10;
a[1] = 20;
a[2] = 30;
a[3] = 40;
a[4] = 50;

7

Initialization of Array…
• Initialize all elements using loops.
for (int i=0; i<=4; i++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&a[ i ]);
}

8

Character Arrays
• Character arrays can be initialized using string
literals (Double quotes).
char c* + = “hello”;
– “hello” is a string.
– String terminates with the null character ‘0’.
– String “hello” has 6 elements.
– We can also initialize it with
char c* + = ,‘h’ , ’e’ , ’l’ , ’l’ , ’o’, ‘0’-;
9

More about arrays
• Array name is the address of the first element
of the array.
printf(“%u”,&a[0]);
printf(“%u”, a);
• Both statements will produce the same result.

10

More about arrays
• In case of character type array we can scan the
contents by using array name only.
scanf(“%s”,c);
– Reads characters until whitespace encountered.
– May go beyond the size of an array.

11

Multi-Dimensional Arrays
• Two-Dimensional arrays
– Assume it as a table of row and column.
– First specify Row and then column.
int a[2][3];
– Array a have 2 rows and 3 columns.

6
5
4
3
2
1 [0][0] [0][1] [0][2]
[1][0] [1][1] [1][2]

12

Two-Dimentional Array…
int a[2][3];
• Array a contains 2 rows and 3 columns, that
means it has 2 * 3 = 6 elements.
• These elements will store in consecutive
memory locations. a[1][2]
a[1][1]
a[1][0]
a[0][2]
a[0][1]
a[0][0]

13

Initialization
int a[2][3] = { {1,2,3} {10,20,30} };

1 2 3
10 20 30

int a[2][3] = { {1,2} {10} };

1 2 0
10 0 0

14

Accessing Elements
for(i=0; i<=1; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<=2; j++)
{
printf(“%d”,a[i][j]);
}
}

printf(“%d”,a[1][2]);

15

Mind Bend
• Write a program which performs the following
tasks:
– Initialize an integer array of 10 elements.
– Print array in a well formatted way.
– Multiply each element of array by 3.
– Print the array elements.
• Write a program to pick up the largest and
smallest number from any 3 x 3 array.
16

Mind Bend
• Write a program to add two 5 x 5 matrix.
• Write a program to initialize an array of 6 x 6
by keyboard and copy elements of an array to
the another 4 x 9 array. 1
5
2
6
3
7
4
8

1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18
21 22 23 24
19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28
25 26 27 28 29 30
29 30 31 32
31 32 33 34 35 36
33 34 35 36

17

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NEXT IS POINTERS

18

Arrays

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