Artificial fibers
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The document provides an overview of various artificial and natural fabrics, detailing their sources, textures, maintenance requirements, and typical interior uses. Each fabric, such as nylon, polyester, satin, and wool, is described with specific characteristics that highlight their applications in home furnishings and textiles. Additionally, it includes references for further information on each fabric type.
Artificial fibers
- 1. ARTIFICIAL FABRICS Group Name: Kawther Hameed Azra Maliha
- 2. INDEX 1. Nylon 2. Polyester 3. Acrylic 4. Lyocell 5. Acetate 6. Metallic fiber 7. Olefin 8. Synthetic organza
- 3. 1. NYLON Source: Nylons are condensation copolymers, formed by reacting difunctional monomers containing equal parts of amine and carboxylic acid, so that amides are formed at both ends of each monomer in a process analogous to polypeptide biopolymers. Texture: soft, lustrous feel Maintenance: machine washable, no temperature – tumble dry at low temperature Interior use: Furniture, used mostly often in carpets
- 4. 2. POLYESTER Source: Polyester is a term often defined as “long-chain polymers chemically composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester and a dihydric alcohol and a terephthalic acid”. Texture: be soft like cotton or satiny like silk Maintenance: Machine washable warm water Interior use: upholstery , used mostly often in carpets
- 5. 3. ACRYLIC Source: Acrylic plastic refers to a family of synthetic, or man-made, plastic materials containing one or more derivatives of acrylic acid. Texture: Acrylic is lightweight, soft, and warm, with a wool-like feel Maintenance: : wash in washing machine warm to cool water Interior use: home furnishing fabrics
- 6. 4. LYOCELL Source: Lyocell is a form of rayon which consists of cellulose fiber made from dissolving pulp (bleached wood pulp) using dry jet-wet spinning. Texture: Similar to rayon in feel. Soft, breathable, lightweight and comfortable Maintenance: : If line dried, be sure to toss in the dryer with a damp towel to soften the fabric after it is dry or nearly dry. Remember, lyocell is a cellulosic fiber and, as a result, will wrinkle. It may need a slight touch up with a warm iron. Because lyocell is similar to cotton, it can take medium to high temperature settings Interior use: upholstery, curtains
- 7. 5. ACETATE Source: Acetate fabrics are made with spun filaments of cellulose taken from wood pulp. Classified as a chemical fiber textile or semi-synthetic, acetate is sometimes mixed with silk, wool or cotton to make it stronger. Acetate flakes are generated by a reaction of the wood pulp to a variety of acetic acids. Texture: feels soft or crisp, with a very silk-like appearance Maintenance: hand wash, machine wash on gentle cycle, low heat ironing, natural drying Interior use: Furniture, drapery, curtains
- 8. 6. ACETATE Source: Metallic fibers are manufactured fibers composed of metal, plastic-coated metal, metal-coated plastic, or a core completely covered by metal. Coated metallic filaments helps to minimize tarnishing. Texture: Smooth, shiny and semi sheer Maintenance: dry clean only, no ironing Interior use: upholstery and curtains
- 9. 7. OLEFIN Source: Olefin fiber is a synthetic fiber made from a polyolefin, such as polypropylene or polyethylene. Polymerization of propylene and ethylene gases, controlled with special catalysts, creates olefin fibers. Dye is added directly to the polymer before melt spinning is applied. Additives, polymer variations and different process conditions can create a range of characteristics Texture: wool-like feel Maintenance: dry clean only, no ironing Interior use: wallpaper and carpeting
- 10. 8. SYNTHETIC ORGANZA Source: Originally these fabrics were made exclusively of silk. However, they are now more commonly made of synthetic fibers such as rayon, polyester and acetate. In some instances, silk is mixed with any one of the synthetic fibers to make semi- synthetic organza fabric. ilaments used to make organza fabric are weaved loosely in plain weave. Texture: crisp, it is quite smooth and is not abrasive on the skin Maintenance: easy to wash and dry, better not to do it very frequently. Interior use: curtains and blinds.
- 11. NATURAL FABRICS Group Name: Tala Dani Rand Ibrahim
- 12. INDEX 1. Satin 2. Velvet 3. Terry 4. Chiffon 5. Cotton 6. Wool 7. Silk 8. linen
- 13. 1. SATIN Source: characterized by four or more fill or weft yarns floating over a warp yarn or vice versa, four warp yarns floating over a single weft yarn. These floats explain the even sheen, as unlike in other weaves, the light reflecting is not scattered as much by the fibers, which have fewer tucks. Texture: a glossy, smooth surface and a dull back Maintenance: dry-cleaned, washed with cold water and a mild detergent and then air-dried Interior use: interior furnishing fabrics, upholstery, and bed sheets.
- 14. 2. VELVET Source: A type of woven tufted fabric in which the cut threads are evenly distributed , with a short dense pile, giving it a distinctive feel. Texture: Smooth and softer, thick and bulky Maintenance: dry clean only, low- heat iron, only on the back side. Interior use: Curtains and Cushions covers , upholstery.
- 15. 3. TERRY Source: It is a warp pile fabric with loops of warp threads alternating with ground threads. Terrycloth, simply towelling is a fabric with loops that can absorb large amounts of water. Texture: It is bulky and thick Maintenance: easy to launder, does not require ironing. Interior use: interior furnishing fabrics, Towels.
- 16. 4. CHIFFON Source: Fabric made of polyester with a soft and crispy texture, made from high twisted yarn and woven in gummed condition. Texture: elegant and sheer fabric. Maintenance: hand-washed & should be dried immediately, machine washed but only with a gentle, cold water setting. Interior use: interior furnishing fabrics ,Curtains and blinds, hospitality fabrics.
- 17. 5. COTTON Source: obtained from the cotton plant. It is the most widely used natural fiber Texture: soft, fluffy, staple fibers. Maintenance: Hydrophilic— Absorbent, machine washed & hand washed Soft movements should be used when washing and the fabrics should be protected from too much exposure to direct sunlight, which causes colors to fade. Interior use: interior furnishing fabrics ,Curtains and blinds,.
- 18. 6. WOOL Source: obtained from the fleece/hair of the sheep or lambs. It is the most common animal fiber people wear today. Texture: soft & fluffy. Maintenance: Strong and Durable, Absorbent Wrinkle-Resistance, Fire Retardant. Interior use: interior furnishing fabrics ,Curtains , carpeting.
- 19. 7. SILK Source: protein fiber that comes from the cocoons of silkworms, The silk fiber is the longest natural fiber, sometimes reaching a thousand yards or more. Texture: smooth & glossy. Maintenance: Machine washing is completely forbidden, should not be exposed to perfumes, direct sunlight or harmful chemicals like bleach, ironing should be done only on the reverse side. Interior use: interior furnishing fabrics ,blankets.
- 20. 8. LINEN Source: made from the cellulose fibers that grow inside of the stalks of the flax plan, one of the oldest cultivated plants in human history. Flax is an annual plant, which means it only lives for one growing season. Texture: soft & rough. Maintenance: low-maintenance fabric, hand-wash, machine washed if so required, ironed at low heat. Interior use: interior furnishing fabrics .