ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
- 1. GROUP : RAW AGENT MEMBERS HANISH THARWANI HARSHIT KEWAT NIPUN BHARDWAJ
- 3. INTRODUCTIO N Artificial Intelligence is an approach to make a computer, a robot, or a product to think how smart human think. AI is a study of how human brain think, learn, decide and work, when it tries to solve problems. And finally this study outputs intelligent software systems . The aim of AI is to improve computer functions which are related to human knowledge, for example, reasoning, learning, and problem-
- 4. Are there limits to how intelligent machines can be? Intelligence: The capacity to learn and solve problems Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and robots and the branch of computer science that aims to create it
- 5. Philosophy of artificial intelligence The philosophy of artificial intelligence is a branch of the philosophy of technology that explores artificial intelligence and its implications for knowledge and understanding of intelligence, ethics, consciousness, epistemology, and free will. Furthermore, the technology is concerned with the creation of artificial animals or artificial people (or, at least, artificial creatures; see artificial life) so the discipline is of considerable interest to philosophers. These factors contributed to the emergence of the philosophy of artificial intelligence. Some scholars argue that the AI community's dismissal of philosophy is detrimental.
- 6. Philosophy of A.l - Searle's strong Al hypothesis: "The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs & outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds.“ - The artificial brain argument: The brain can be simulated. - Technologically feasible to copy the brain directly into hardware and software, and that such a simulation will be essentially identical to the original.
- 7. The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen. The seeds of modern AI were planted by classical philosophers who attempted to describe the process of human thinking as the mechanical manipulation of symbols. This work culminated in the invention of the programmable digital computer in the 1940s, a machine based on the abstract essence of mathematical reasoning. This device and the ideas behind it inspired a handful of scientists to begin seriously discussing the possibility of building an electronic brain. HISTORY OF A.I
- 8. How complicated is our brain? - Neuron - 10^12 neurons in a human brain - many more synapses (10^14) connecting these neurons - cycle time: 10^3 seconds (1 millisecond) How complex can we make computers? - 10^8 or more transistors per CPU - supercomputer: hundreds of CPUs, 1012 bits of RAM - cycle times: order of 10 -^9 seconds Conclusion - YES - Less interconnections (wires or synapses) Can AI System Work As Efficient As Human Brain?
- 9. Programming Without and With AI The programming without and with AI is different in following ways − Programming Without AI Programming With AI A computer program without AI can answer the specific questions it is meant to solve. A computer program with AI can answer the generic questions it is meant to solve. Modification in the program leads to change in its structure. AI programs can absorb new modifications by putting highly independent pieces of information together. Hence you can modify even a minute piece of information of program without affecting its structure. Modification is not quick and easy. It may lead to affecting the program adversely. Quick and Easy program modification.
- 10. Goals of AI •To Create Expert Systems − The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, explain, and advice its users. •To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines − Creating systems that understand, think, learn, and behave like humans.
- 11. LANGUAGES Artificial intelligence researchers have developed several specialized programming languages for artificial intelligence which include IPL, Lisp, Prolog, STRIPS, Planner, POP-11 etc.
- 12. John McCarthy invented LISP in 1958, shortly after the development of FORTRAN. It was first implemented by Steve Russell on an IBM 704 computer. It is particularly suitable for Artificial Intelligence programs, as it processes symbolic information effectively. Common Lisp originated, during the 1980s and 1990s, in an attempt to unify the work of several implementation groups that were successors to Maclisp, like ZetaLisp and NIL (New Implementation of Lisp) etc. It serves as a common language, which can be easily extended for specific implementation. Programs written in Common LISP do not depend on machine-specific characteristics, such as word length etc. LISP
- 13. Prolog, which is short for programming logic, is a programming language used in creating artificial intelligence. Prolog is classified as a logic programming language and relies on the user to specify the rules and facts about a situation along with the end goal, otherwise known as a query. After the rules, facts, and goal are stated, the program will then attempt to derive the solution by analyzing the relationship between the three. This is in contrast to traditional programming languages, like C# and Visual Basic, which have a program follow a sequence of commands dictated by the user. PROLOG
- 15. APPLICATION OF A.I -Natural Language Understanding -Expert Systems -Planning and Robotics -Machine Learning - Game Playing
- 17. DRAWBACKS OF A.I -Limited Ability -Slow Real Time Response -Can’t Handle Emergency Situation -Difficult code -High Cost
- 18. THANK S