Artificial Intelligence
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This document discusses artificial intelligence and its components. It begins with definitions of artificial intelligence as making computers behave like humans and as the intelligence exhibited by machines. The field was founded in 1956 at a conference where leaders like John McCarthy established AI research. The components discussed include playing games like chess, developing expert systems, natural language processing, and robotics. It provides examples of computers defeating humans at chess and the use of robots in manufacturing.
Artificial Intelligence
- 1. COMPUTER APPLICATION: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Made By:- Dhrumil Shah FYBBA Div 1 Roll No. 47
- 2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE It is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. Wikipedia defines Artificial Intelligence as the intelligence exhibited by machines or software, and the branch of computer science that develops machines and software with intelligence. Looking to the history of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy in 1955 defines this as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines”. 2 Computer Application
- 3. HISTORY The field of AI research was founded at a conference on the campus of Dartmouth College in the summer of 1956. The attendees, including John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell and Herbert Simon, became the leaders of AI research for many decades. They and their students wrote programs that were, to most people, simply astonishing. Computers were solving word problems in algebra, proving logical theorems and speaking English. By the mid of 1960s, research in the U.S. was heavily funded by the Department of Defense and laboratories had been established around the 3 Computer Application
- 4. COMPONENTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE There are different components of artificial intelligence as mentioned below: Playing games: computers are made capable of playing games like chess and checkers, etc. Expert systems: computers are programmed to make decisions in real life situations. Natural language: computers are made to understand human language by programming them accordingly. Robotics: computers see and hear and also react to other stimuli after being programmed. 4 Computer Application
- 5. PLAYING GAMES The results of artificial intelligence has be the most significant in playing games, computers have been programmed to play games like chess and checkers, etc. In the game chess and checkers, computers have even defeated humans. In the year 1997, the world chess champion Gary Kasparov was defeated by an IBM super computer(Deep Blue) in a chess game. 5 Computer Application
- 6. EXPERT SYSTEMS The computers are programmed to deal with real life situations In the early 1980s, these were believed to be the future of artificial intelligence and even of computers. Many of the experts systems help the humans in fields like medicine and engineering. But a major drawback in this is the cost behind developing them. Even the use of these is possible in some special situations. 6 Computer Application
- 7. NATURAL LANGUAGE People can interact with computers without needing any specialized knowledge through natural processing. In natural language, you can simply walk up to a computer and talk to it. Voice recognition system also falls under this category. But a major setback of this is that the computer does not understand what they are writing. They treat it as a dictation. For voice recognition to be effective, one must speak distinctly, clearly and slowly. 7 Computer Application
- 8. ROBOTICS Robotics is the most widely use technology compared to the others discussed before. Though used widely, they are capable of doing limited tasks which they specialise in. Robots are used in assembly lines for manufacturing complex products. Examples: Artificial Intelligence (2001) I, Robot (2004) Wall-E (2008) Robot (2010) The Terminator Series 8 Computer Application