Assembling Sass

1.1 Sass,Not SASS
1.2 SCSS: Sassy CSS
1.3 Commenting
1.4 Importing
1.5 Nesting Selectors
1.6 The Parent Selector
1.7 Nesting Pitfalls

1.1 Sass,Not SASS
CSS is crafted to be simple,
but scaling simplicity is diﬃcult.

1.1 Sass,Not SASS
At Scale
๏ Slight variations of colors, fonts, numbers,
& other properties arise
๏ Eﬀective curbing of repetition can decline
๏ Stylesheet size may become unmanageable

1.1 Sass,Not SASS
Enter Sass
๏ Syntactically Awesome Stylesheets
๏ Looks like CSS, but adds features to
combat shortcomings
๏ Preprocessor, like CoﬀeeScript & Haml:
Sass File Sass Compiler CSS File

๏ Created by Hampton Catlin
๏ Primary developers:
Nathan Weizenbaum & Chris Eppstein
๏ Baked into Rails
1.1 Sass,Not SASS

๏ Sassy CSS (.scss) is the default ﬁle extension
๏ CSS is valid SCSS
๏ A second syntax (.sass) exists, but we'll focus on SCSS
for the course
1.2 SCSS: Sassy CSS

$main: #444;
.btn {
color: $main;
display: block;
}
.btn-a {
color: lighten($main, 30%);
&:hover {
color: lighten($main, 40%);
}
}
.btn {
color: #444444;
display: block;
}
.btn-a {
color: #919191;
}
.btn-a:hover {
color: #aaaaaa;
}
application.scss application.css
1.2 SCSS: Sassy CSS

Assembly Tip
Since CSS doubles as valid
SCSS, try writing styles
normally & slowly incorporate
new techniques.

๏ Sass adds // for single line comments - not
output after compile
1.3 Commenting

// These comments will
// not be output to the
// compiled CSS file
/* This comment will */
/* This comment will */
1.3 Commenting

A S S E M B L Y
R
E J E C T E D
/*
* Imports styles found in 'buttons.css'
* when the browser requests application.css
*/
@import "buttons.css";
application.css
1.4 Importing

๏ The CSS @import rule has been avoided:
prevents parallel downloading
๏ @import with .scss or .sass happens
during compile rather than client-side
๏ File extension is optional
1.4 Importing

// Imports styles found in 'buttons.scss'
// when the compiler processes application.scss
@import "buttons";
application.scss
application.scss
buttons.scss
application.css
buttons.css
?
1.4 Importing

Partials
Adding an underscore creates a partial. Partials can be
imported, but will not compile to .css
application.scss
_buttons.scss
application.css
1.4 Importing

// Will import _buttons.sass, buttons.sass,
// _buttons.scss, or buttons.scss
@import "buttons";
application.scss
application.scss
_buttons.scss
application.css
1.4 Importing

.content {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
padding: 20px;
}
.content h2 {
font-size: 3em;
margin: 20px 0;
}
.content p {
font-size: 1.5em;
margin: 15px 0;
}
application.css
A S S E M B L Y
R
E J E C T E D

application.css
.content {
padding: 20px;
}
.content h2 {
font-size: 3em;
margin: 20px 0;
}
.content p {
font-size: 1.5em;
margin: 15px 0;
}
.content {
padding: 20px;
}
.content h2 {
font-size: 3em;
margin: 20px 0;
}
.content p {
font-size: 1.5em;
margin: 15px 0;
}
application.scss
}
.content
.content

application.css
.content {
padding: 20px;
}
.content h2 {
font-size: 3em;
margin: 20px 0;
}
.content p {
font-size: 1.5em;
margin: 15px 0;
}
.content {
padding: 20px;
application.scss
}
.content.content
h2 {
font-size: 3em;
margin: 20px 0;
}
p {
font-size: 1.5em;
margin: 15px 0;
}
A
S S E M B L Y
A P P R O V
E
D

.btn {
text: {
decoration: underline;
transform: lowercase;
}
}
.btn {
text-decoration: underline;
text-transform: lowercase;
}
Nesting Properties
Certain properties with matching namespaces are nestable:

While nesting, the & symbol references the parent selector:
.content {
padding: 20px;
}
.content {
padding: 20px;
}
.callout {
border-color: red;
}
&.callout {
border-color: green;
}
.content .callout {
border-color: red;
}
.content.callout {
border-color: green;
}

a {
color: #999;
&:hover {
color: #777;
}
&:active {
color: #888;
}
}
a {
color: #999;
}
a:hover {
color: #777;
}
a:active {
color: #888;
}

Parent Selector Nesting
Selectors can also be added before the & reference:
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 300px;
}
.users .sidebar {
width: 400px;
}
application.css
A S S E M B L Y
R
E J E C T E D

.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 300px;
{
width: 400px;
}
}
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 300px;
}
.users .sidebar {
width: 400px;
}
.users &
A
S S E M B L Y
A P P R O V
E
D

.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 300px;
h2 {
color: #777;
.users & {
color: #444;
}
}
}
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 300px;
}
.sidebar h2 {
color: #777;
}
.users .sidebar h2 {
color: #444;
}

๏ Nesting is easy, but dangerous
๏ Do not nest unnecessarily

.content {
background: #ccc;
.cell {
h2 {
a {
&:hover {
color: red;
}
}
}
}
}
.content {
background: #ccc;
}
.content .cell h2 a:hover {
color: red;
}
A S S E M B L Y
R
E J E C T E D

Assembly Tip
Try limiting your nesting to 3
or 4 levels and consider
refactoring anything deeper.

2.1 Variable Declaration + Use
2.2 Types
2.3 Scope
2.4 Interpolation

๏ Native CSS variable support is still in its infancy,
but Sass aﬀords us a way to set reusable values
๏ Variable names begin with $, like $base

$base: #777777; .sidebar {
border: 1px solid #777777;
}
.sidebar p {
color: #777777;
}
.sidebar {
border: 1px solid $base;
p {
color: $base;
}
}

$title: 'My Blog';
$title: 'About Me'
h2:before {
content: $title;
}
h2:before {
content: 'About Me';
}
The Default Flag
Variable deﬁnitions can optionally take the !default ﬂag:
;

h2:before {
content: 'My Blog';
}
$title: 'My Blog';
$title: 'About Me'
h2:before {
content: $title;
}
!default;

$rounded: 5px;
@import "buttons";
application.scss
$rounded: 3px !default;
.btn-a {
border-radius: $rounded;
color: #777;
}
.btn-b {
border-radius: $rounded;
color: #222;
}
_buttons.scss

$rounded: 5px;
@import "buttons";
application.scss
.btn-a {
border-radius: 5px;
color: #777;
}
.btn-b {
border-radius: 5px;
color: #222;
}
application.css

$rounded: false;
$shadow: true;
2.2 Types
Booleans
$rounded: 4px;
$line-height: 1.5;
$font-size: 3rem;
Numbers - can be set with or without units:

$base: purple;
$border: rgba(0, 255, 0, 0.5);
$shadow: #333;
2.2 Types
Colors
$header: 'Helvetica Neue';
$callout: Arial;
$message: "Loading...";
Strings - can be set with or without quotes:

$authors: nick, dan, aimee, drew;
$margin: 40px 0 20px 100px;
2.2 Types
Lists
$shadow: null;
Null

p {
$border: #ccc;
border-top: 1px solid $border;
}
h1 {
border-top: 1px solid $border;
}
Syntax error: Undefined
variable: "$border"
2.3 Scope

2.3 Scope
Reassignment in a Declaration
๏ Variables set inside a declaration (within { }) aren't
usable outside that block
๏ Setting new values to variables set outside a
declaration changes future instances

$color-base: #777777;
.sidebar {
background: $color-base;
}
application.scss
.sidebar {
background: #222222;
}
application.css
2.3 Scope
p {
color: #222222;
}
p {
color: $color-base;
}

$side: top;
sup {
position: relative;
#{$side}: -0.5em;
}
sup {
position: relative;
top: -0.5em;
}
2.4 Interpolation
Use the Ruby-esque #{$variable} to shim variables
into selectors, property names, and strings:
.callout-#{$side} {
background: #777;
}
.callout-top {
background: #777;
}

Assembly Tip
Be considerate of variable
naming. $color-base
gets a lot more mileage
than $color-blue.

3.1 Mixin Setup + Use
3.2 Adding Arguments
3.3 Multiple Arguments
3.4 Variable Arguments
3.5 Interpolation + Mixins

.btn-a {
background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
.btn-b {
background: #ff0;
font-size: 1em;
}
application.css
A S S E M B L Y
R
E J E C T E D
]
]

@mixin button {
}
_buttons.scss
Mixins
Blocks of reusable code that take optional arguments:
font-size: 1em;

_buttons.scss
.btn-a {
font-size: 1em;
background: #777;
}
application.css
@mixin button {
}
font-size: 1em;
.btn-a {
@include button;
background: #777;
}
.btn-b {
@include button;
background: #ff0;
}
.btn-b {
font-size: 1em;
background: #ff0;
}

Assembly Tip
Make sure the @mixin block
comes before the @include,
especially when importing
ﬁles containing mixins.

Assembly Tip
@include = use a mixin
@import = import a ﬁle

@mixin button {
font-size: 1em;
}
.btn-a {
@include button;
background: #777;
}
.btn-b {
@include button;
background: #ff0;
}
_buttons.scss
.btn-a {
font-size: 1em;
background: #777;
}
.btn-b {
font-size: 1em;
background: #ff0;
}
application.css
A S S E M B L Y
R
E J E C T E D
]
]

.btn-a,
.btn-b {
background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
}
.btn-b {
background: #ff0;
}
application.css
We're Just Repeating Properties
It's more eﬃcient to use CSS here (for now):

If that's the case, what are
mixins good for then?

.content {
-webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 20px;
}
application.css

.content {
padding: 20px;
}
application.css
@mixin box-sizing {
}
application.scss
A S S E M B L Y
R
E J E C T E D
.content {
@include box-sizing;
padding: 20px;
}

@mixin box-sizing {
-webkit-box-sizing:
-moz-box-sizing:
box-sizing:
}
application.scss
Arguments
Values passed into a mixin, potentially altering output:
($x)
$x;
$x;
$x;

application.scss
.content {
padding: 20px;
}
application.css
.content {
@include box-sizing(border-box);
padding: 20px;
}
@mixin box-sizing {
-webkit-box-sizing:
-moz-box-sizing:
box-sizing:
}
($x)
$x;
$x;
$x;
.callout {
@include box-sizing(content-box);
}
.callout {
-webkit-box-sizing: content-box;
-moz-box-sizing: content-box;
box-sizing: content-box;
}

@mixin box-sizing($x ) {
-webkit-box-sizing: $x;
-moz-box-sizing: $x;
box-sizing: $x;
}
application.scss
Default Values
Optionally, what arguments will default to if not included:
: border-box

application.scss
.content {
padding: 20px;
}
application.css
.content {
@include box-sizing;
padding: 20px;
}
.callout {
@include box-sizing(content-box);
}
@mixin box-sizing($x ) {
-webkit-box-sizing: $x;
-moz-box-sizing: $x;
box-sizing: $x;
}
: border-box
.callout {
-webkit-box-sizing: content-box;
-moz-box-sizing: content-box;
box-sizing: content-box;
}
A
S S E M B L Y
A P P R O V
E
D

@mixin button(
border-radius: $radius;
color: $color;
}
.btn-a {
@include button(
_buttons.scss
.btn-a {
border-radius: 4px;
color: #000;
}
application.css
$radius, $color) {
4px, #000);
}

_buttons.scss
Syntax error: Mixin button is
missing argument $color.
application.css
@mixin button(
color: $color;
}
.btn-a {
@include button(
$radius, $color) {
4px);
}

@mixin button(
color: $color;
}
.btn-a {
@include button(
_buttons.scss
.btn-a {
border-radius: 4px;
color: #000;
}
application.css
$radius, $color ) {
4px);
}
: #000

_buttons.scss
Syntax error: Required argument
$color must come before any
optional arguments.
application.css
@mixin button(
color: $color;
}
.btn-a {
@include button(
$color: #000, $radius) {
4px);
}

_buttons.scss
.btn-a {
border-radius: 5px;
color: #777777;
}
application.css
@mixin button(
color: $color;
}
.btn-a {
@include button(
$radius, $color: #000) {
$color: #777777,
$radius: 5px);
}

.btn-a {
-webkit-transition: color 0.3s ease-in, background 0.5s ease-out;
-moz-transition: color 0.3s ease-in, background 0.5s ease-out;
transition: color 0.3s ease-in, background 0.5s ease-out;
}
application.css

@mixin transition(
-webkit-transition: $val;
-moz-transition: $val;
transition: $val;
}
Mixin transition takes 1
argument but 2 were passed.
_buttons.scss application.css
Passing valid, comma-separated CSS as a single value:
) {$val
.btn-a {
@include transition(color 0.3s
ease-in, background 0.5s ease-out);
}

.btn-a {
-webkit-transition: color 0.3s
ease-in, background 0.5s ease-out;
-moz-transition: color 0.3s
ease-in, background 0.5s ease-out;
transition: color 0.3s ease-in,
background 0.5s ease-out;
}
Adding ... to an argument creates a variable argument (vararg):
@mixin transition(
-webkit-transition: $val;
-moz-transition: $val;
transition: $val;
}
) {$val...
.btn-a {
@include transition(color 0.3s
ease-in, background 0.5s ease-out);
}

@mixin button($radius, $color) {
color: $color;
}
.btn-a {
border-radius: 4px;
color: #000;
}
Variable arguments in reverse:
$properties: 4px, #000;
.btn-a {
@include button($properties...);
}

@mixin
}
_buttons.scss
.btn-a {
border-right-color: #ff0;
}
application.css
@mixin highlight-r($color) {
border-right-color: $color;
}
@mixin highlight-b($color) {
border-bottom-color: $color;
}
@mixin highlight-l($color) {
border-left-color: $color;
}
.btn-a {
@include highlight-r(#f00);
}
highlight-t($color) {
border-top-color: $color;

_buttons.scss
.btn-a {
border-right-color: #ff0;
}
application.css
@mixin
}
highlight($color, $side) {
.btn-a {
@include highlight(#f00, right);
}
border-#{$side}-color: $color;

4.1 Extend Setup + Use
4.2 Nesting + Extend
4.3 Extend Pitfalls
4.4 Placeholder Selectors

.btn-a {
background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
}
.btn-b {
background: #ff0;
font-size: 1em;
}
application.css
.btn-a,
.btn-b {
background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
}
.btn-b {
background: #ff0;
}
application.css

application.css
.btn-a {
background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
}
_buttons.scss
Extend
Sass will track and automatically combine selectors for us:
.btn-a,
.btn-b {
background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
}
.btn-b {
background: #ff0;
}
.btn-b {
@extend .btn-a;
background: #ff0;
}

.btn-a,
.btn-b {
}
.btn-b {
}
...
...
.btn-b {
@extend .btn-a;
background: #ff0;
}

.content {
padding: 20px;
h2 {
font-size: 3em;
margin: 20px 0;
}
}
application.scss
.content,
.callout {
application.css
.callout {
@extend .content;
background: #ddd;
}
padding: 20px;
}
.content h2,
.callout h2 {
font-size: 3em;
margin: 20px 0;
}
.callout {
background: #ddd;
}

.callout {
@extend .content;
background: #ddd;
}
.content,
.callout {
...
}
.content h2,
.callout h2 {
...
}
.callout {
...
}

.btn-a {
background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
}
.btn-b {
@extend .btn-a;
background: #ff0;
}
_buttons.scss
.btn-a,
.btn-b {
background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
}
.btn-b {
background: #ff0;
}
.sidebar .btn-a,
.sidebar .btn-b {
}
application.css
4.3 Extend Pitfalls
A S S E M B L Y
R
E J E C T E D
.sidebar .btn-a {
}

๏ Since .btn-b extends .btn-a, every instance that
modiﬁes .btn-a also modiﬁes .btn-b
๏ Stylesheet bloat, if these extra styles aren't needed
๏ We can counteract with placeholder selectors
4.3 Extend Pitfalls

Assembly Tip
Always, always check the CSS
output of your Sass before
using it on a live site.

๏ Placeholder selectors are denoted with a %
๏ Can be extended, but never become a selector of
their own

background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
}
_buttons.scss
.btn-a,
.btn-b {
background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
}
.btn-b {
background: #ff0;
}
.sidebar .btn-a,
.sidebar .btn-b {
}
application.css
.sidebar .btn-a {
}
.btn-b {
background: #ff0;
}
.btn-a {
@extend .btn-a;

_buttons.scss
.btn-a,
.btn-b {
background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
}
.btn-b {
background: #ff0;
}
application.css
background: #777;
font-size: 1em;
}
.sidebar .btn-a {
}
.btn-a {
@extend %btn;
}
%btn {
.sidebar .btn-a {
}
.btn-b {
background: #ff0;
}
@extend %btn;
A
S S E M B L Y
A P P R O V
E
D

%ir {
border: 0;
font: 0/0 a;
text-shadow: none;
color: transparent;
background-color: transparent;
}
.logo,
.social {
border: 0;
font: 0/0 a;
text-shadow: none;
color: transparent;
background-color: transparent;
}
Extend common blocks to avoid extra HTML classes:
.logo {
@extend %ir;
}
.social {
@extend %ir;
}

Assembly Tip
Versions of IE prior to 9 have
a limit of 4095 selectors-per-
CSS ﬁle limit.

5.1 Functions
5.2 If
5.3 Each
5.4 For + While
5.5 Mixin' In

5.1 Functions
Responsive Refresher
๏ Straight from Journey Into Mobile:
๏ If the target size of our sidebar is 350px and the
context of its parent is 1000px:
350px / 1000px = 0.35
0.35 * 100 = 35%
target / context

@function fluidize(
}
application.scss
.sidebar {
width: 35%;
}
application.css
5.1 Functions
) {
@return
.sidebar {
width: fluidize(
}
);
35%;

application.scss
.sidebar {
width: 35%;
}
application.css
5.1 Functions
@function fluidize(
}
) {
@return
.sidebar {
width: fluidize(
}
);350px, 1000px
($target / $context) * 100%;
$target, $context

5.1 Functions
๏ More on responsive design + Sass later, including a
built-in fluidize replacement
๏ Function arguments = same rules as mixin arguments

$theme: dark;
header {
header {
background: #000;
}
Using @if, we can conditionally output code:
5.2 If
@if $theme == dark {
background: #000;
}
}

Comparisons
๏ == equal to
๏ != not equal to
๏ > greater than *
๏ >= greater than or equal to *
๏ < less than *
๏ <= less than or equal to *
5.2 If
* numbers only

$theme: light;
header {
application.scss
5.2 If
background: #000;
}
}

application.scss
header {
background: #fff;
}
application.css
@else provides a fallback if everything evaluates false or null:
5.2 If
$theme: light;
header {
background: #000;
}
}
} @else {
background: #fff;

application.scss
header {
background: pink;
}
application.css
@else if allows for multiple comparisons:
5.2 If
$theme: pink;
header {
background: #000;
}
}
} @else {
background: #fff;
} @else if $theme == pink {
background: pink;

5.3 Each
Interating Over a List
๏ The @each directive allows us to loop through each
list item:
$authors: nick aimee dan drew;

$authors: nick aimee dan drew;
@each $author in $authors {
}
application.scss
.author-nick {
background: url(author-nick.jpg);
}
.author-aimee {
background: url(author-aimee.jpg);
}
.author-dan {
background: url(author-dan.jpg);
}
.author-drew {
background: url(author-drew.jpg);
}
application.css
5.3 Each
1: nick
2: aimee
3: dan
4: drew
$author
background: url(author-
#{$author}.jpg);
.author-#{$author} {
}

.item {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
@for $i from 1 through 3 {
}
}
application.scss
.item {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
}
.item.item-1 {
top: 30px;
}
.item.item-2 {
top: 60px;
}
.item.item-3 {
top: 90px;
}
application.css
5.4 For + While
1: 1
2: 2
3: 3
$i
top: $i * 30px;
&.item-#{$i} {
}

5.4 For + While
๏ @for and @while = @each with more control
๏ @while requires manually updating the index

$i: 1;
application.scss
.item {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
}
.item.item-1 {
top: 30px;
}
.item.item-2 {
top: 60px;
}
.item.item-3 {
top: 90px;
}
application.css
5.4 For + While
1: 1
2: 2
3: 3
4: 4
$i
.item {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
}
@while $i < 4 {
}
&.item-#{$i} {
top: $i * 30px;
}
$i: $i + 1;

application.scss
.item {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
}
.item.item-2 {
top: 60px;
}
.item.item-4 {
top: 120px;
}
.item.item-6 {
top: 180px;
}
application.css
5.4 For + While
$i: 2;
.item {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
}
@while $i <= 6 {
}
&.item-#{$i} {
top: $i * 30px;
}
$i: $i + 2; 1: 2
2: 4
3: 6
4: 8
$i

Mixins Extend Functions
๏ Similar sets of
properties used
multiple times with
small variations
๏ Sets of properties
that match exactly
๏ Commonly-used
operations to
determine values
5.5 Mixin' In

@mixin button($color, $rounded:
color: $color;
}
_buttons.scss
.btn-a {
color: black;
}
application.css
5.5 Mixin' In
.btn-a {
@include button(#000, false);
}
.btn-b {
@include button(#333);
}
) {true
@if $rounded
}
{== true
border-radius: 4px; .btn-b {
color: #333333;
border-radius: 4px;
}

_buttons.scss
.btn-a {
color: black;
}
application.css
5.5 Mixin' In
@mixin button($color, $rounded:
color: $color;
}
.btn-a {
@include button(#000);
}
.btn-b {
@include button(#333, 4px);
}
) {false
@if $rounded
}
{
border-radius: $rounded; .btn-b {
color: #333333;
border-radius: 4px;
}

6.1 Basic Arithmetic
6.2 Differing Units
6.3 Math Functions
6.4 Math + Color
6.5 Color Shortcuts
6.6 Color Functions

Number Operations
๏ + addition
๏ - subtraction
๏ * multiplication
๏ / division
๏ % modulo
Modulo = remainder from a division operation. 12 % 3
results in 0, while 12 % 5 returns 2.

Assembly Tip
Sass defaults to returning
(up to) ﬁve digits after a
decimal point.

Division
๏ The trickiest of the number operations, due to font:
font: normal 2em/1.5 Helvetica, sans-serif;

Triggering Division
๏ Variable involved - $size / 10
๏ Parenthesis - (100px / 20)
๏ Another arithmetic operation - 20px * 5 / 2

$family: "Helvetica " + "Neue"; // "Helvetica Neue"
String Addition
Addition on strings concatenates them:
$family: 'sans-' + serif // 'sans-serif'
$family: sans- + 'serif' // sans-serif
Initial left-side string determines post-concatenation quotes:

h2 {
font-size: 10px + 4pt;
}
h2 {
font-size: 15.33333px;
}
If the units diﬀer, Sass attempts combination:
6.2 Differing Units

h2 {
font-size: 10px + 4em;
}
Incompatible units: 'em'
and 'px'.
Incompatible units will throw an error:
6.2 Differing Units

Pre-Deﬁned Math Utilities
๏ round($number) - round to closest whole number
๏ ceil($number) - round up
๏ floor($number) - round down
๏ abs($number) - absolute value
๏ min($list) - minimum list value
๏ max($list) - maximum list value
๏ percentage($number) - convert to percentage
6.3 Math Functions

h2 {
line-height: ceil(1.2);
}
h2 {
line-height: 2;
}
Called the same way as custom functions:
6.3 Math Functions

.sidebar {
width: percentage(350px/1000px);
}
.sidebar {
width: 35%;
}
percentage() replaces our custom fluidize():
6.3 Math Functions

$context: 1000px;
.sidebar {
width: percentage(450px/$context);
}
.sidebar {
width: 45%;
}
percentage() replaces our custom fluidize():
6.3 Math Functions

Color Juggling
๏ Easier recall through variables
๏ Simpliﬁed alteration via color utility functions
๏ Faster representation using shorthand
6.4 Math + Color

.addition {
background: $color-base + #112233;
}
application.scss
.addition {
}
application.css
6.4 Math + Color
.subtraction {
background: $color-base - #112233;
}
.multiplication {
background: $color-base * 2;
}
.division {
background: $color-base / 2;
}
.subtraction {
}
.multiplication {
}
.division {
}

Assembly Tip
Where possible, use color
utility functions instead of
color arithmetic: easier to
predict and maintain.

$color: #333333;
.alpha {
background: rgba(51,51,51,0.8);
}
application.scss
.alpha {
}
application.css
6.5 Color Shortcuts
A S S E M B L Y
R
E J E C T E D

$color: #333333;
.alpha {
}
application.scss
.alpha {
}
application.css
6.5 Color Shortcuts
background: rgba($color,0.8);
.beta {
background: rgba(#000,0.8);
}
.beta {
}
A
S S E M B L Y
A P P R O V
E
D

6.6 Color Functions
Color utility functions:
workﬂow-altering convenience

$color: #333;
.lighten {
color: lighten($color, 20%);
}
application.scss
.lighten {
}
application.css
6.6 Color Functions
.darken {
color: darken($color, 20%);
}
.darken {
background: black;
}

$color: #87bf64;
.saturate {
color: saturate($color, 20%);
}
application.scss
.saturate {
background: #82d54e;
}
application.css
6.6 Color Functions
.desaturate {
color: desaturate($color, 20%);
}
.desaturate {
}

.mix-a {
color: mix(#ffff00, #107fc9);
}
application.scss
.mix-a {
background: #87bf64;
}
application.css
6.6 Color Functions
+
.mix-b {
color: mix(#ffff00, #107fc9, 30%);
}
.mix-b {
background: #57a58c;
}

$color: #87bf64;
.grayscale {
color: grayscale($color);
}
application.scss
.grayscale {
color: #929292;
}
application.css
6.6 Color Functions
.invert {
color: invert($color);
}
.complement {
color: complement($color);
}
.invert {
color: #78409b;
}
.complement {
color: #9c64bf;
}

Assembly Tip
But wait, there's more!
http://sass-lang.com/docs/yardoc/Sass/Script/Functions.html

7.1 The Movement
7.2 Nested Media Queries
7.3 Respond-To
7.4 Responsive Pitfalls

7.1 The Movement
Responsive design rapidly
progressed beyond good idea
and into common practice

Media Queries
๏ Easier ﬂuid calculation and media query handling
๏ Journey Into Mobile
7.1 The Movement

.sidebar {
}
@media (min-width: 700px) {
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 30%;
}
}
application.css
Media Queries
Basic construction:
7.1 The Movement

.sidebar {
}
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 30%;
}
}
application.css

.sidebar {
}
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 30%;
}
}
application.css
.sidebar {
}
application.scss
float: right;
width: 30%;
}
A
S S E M B L Y
A P P R O V
E
D

7.3 Respond-To
๏ @content - pass a block of
properties to a mixin

.sidebar {
application.scss
.sidebar {
}
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 30%;
}
}
application.css
7.3 Respond-To
}
}
float: right;
width: 30%;

@mixin respond-to
application.scss
.sidebar {
}
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 30%;
}
}
application.css
7.3 Respond-To
A S S E M B L Y
R
E J E C T E D
.sidebar {
}
}
float: right;
width: 30%;
@include respond-to {
{
@content
}
}

@mixin respond-to
application.scss
.sidebar {
}
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 30%;
}
}
application.css
7.3 Respond-To
.sidebar {
}
}
float: right;
width: 30%;
{
@content
}
}

application.scss
.sidebar {
}
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 30%;
}
}
application.css
7.3 Respond-To
@mixin respond-to
.sidebar {
}
}
float: right;
width: 30%;
@if $media == tablet {
}
{
@content
}
}
(tablet)
($media)

application.scss
.sidebar {
}
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 30%;
}
}
application.css
7.3 Respond-To
@mixin respond-to
.sidebar {
}
}
float: right;
width: 30%;
{
@media (min-width: $query) {
@content
}
}
(900px)
($query)

application.scss
.sidebar {
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
.sidebar {
float: right;
width: 30%;
}
}
application.css
7.3 Respond-To
@mixin respond-to
float: right;
width: 30%;
.sidebar {
}
}
@include respond-to
{
{
@media ($val: $query) {
@content
}
}
(max-width,
600px)
($val, $query)
A
S S E M B L Y
A P P R O V
E
D

.sidebar {
}
.callout {
@extend .sidebar;
width: 35%;
}
}
application.scss
Declarations outside @media cannot be extended inside:

.content {
}
.aside {
@extend .content;
width: 35%;
}
}
application.scss
.content,
.aside {
}
.aside {
width: 35%;
}
}
application.css

.sidebar {
width: 50%;
}
}
.callout {
width: 35%;
}
}
.sidebar {
width: 50%;
}
}
.callout {
width: 35%;
}
}
Matching media queries are not combined:

Sometimes, manual combination is best:
.sidebar {
width: 50%;
}
.callout {
width: 35%;
}
}
application.css

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