Assignemnt 4 unit 33 lo1
- 2. Introduction My name is Matthew Marshall and i am the Lead animator at Aardman Animations the leading developers of stop motion claymation. This presentation is going to be about the many styles of stop motion animation and just how stop motion has evolved into what we know it as today.
- 3. The Different Forms of Animation
- 4. Stop Motion Animation Stop Motion Animation is the animation type we specialise in at Aardman Animations. It is made by taking many photos and placing the photos together to create a video. This style of animating is a long and painful process as it takes between 12 - 24 frames every single second, this can lead to animations done this way taking sometimes years to make as every single second needs 24 pictures of miniscule movements on a set.
- 5. 2D Animation Vector Based Animations are animations created on computers with software such as “Flash”, this type of animation differs from traditional animation because it is usually seen as a lot smoother as well as it allowing creators to create rigs of the “characters” so they can be moved easily without any more drawing. Traditional Animation which brought the success of Walt Disney was originally done by drawing each frame on transparent pieces of paper then it is individually photographed and made into a video, nowadays however it is done very simply with a drawing tablet of some kind and an animation studio. There are two types of 2D animation, Vector Based Animations and Traditional Animation.
- 6. CGI Animation Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) Animation is a style of animation that is used in almost every film released in the modern era. It is used in the massive blockbuster hits such as the avengers and transformers to create entire cities and landscapes with ease. Most film sets today are formed of the actors, some props and a giant green screen which editors use to create the CGI.
- 7. Weather Cycle Animation If you want to make your own 2d stop motion animation like i have here then it is very simple. First download an app which is specifically designed for stop motion animation. Next think of your idea but don't make it to complex or difficult to do otherwise you will be stuck confused and lost. After that setup the camera in a stable position so when you take the images it doesn't move. Lastly slowly move what you want in the frame and take a picture and after you are happy with your product go into the settings of the app and mess around with the framerate and other specifications to get the perfect speed for your animation. The ideal frame rate is between 12- 24 frames per second. I highly recommend a stop motion specific app for this as taking the pictures and placing them inside an editing software can be very tedious and advanced, also most apps allow you to add effects to your film as well as allowing you to change specifications such as frame rate etc. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17PxUb7wSX8
- 8. Claymation Animation If you would rather create a 3d animation it is exactly the same process as the 2d animation however you must spend time creating the sculptures for your animation which can be a very slow and painfully tedious task. There are a few issues with claymation animation, some of these are: It is very slow, the model may fall apart, it normally takes longer to animate and storage of the models needs to be perfect to make sure there not damages. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C74D8wXXxw8
- 9. The Pioneers
- 10. Timeline of the Pioneers
- 11. Joseph Plateau Techniques Joseph Plateau was the inventor of the Phenakistoscope. The Phenakistoscope was an invention that allowed spectators to view a moving 2D image almost like a Gif. It was a wooden disk with pictures painted on it of the animations steps eg someone dancing then when the spectator wanted to view the animation they would look through another disk into a mirror and the animation would seem like it was moving, it did this because of the persistence of motion principle. The main problem with the Phenakistoscope is that only one person can view it at a time and the animations were also very short.
- 12. William Horner Techniques William Horner is the inventor of the Zoetrope. The Zoetrope was an advanced version of the Phenakistoscope, it developed on it by providing the ability for multiple people to view as well as it making it possible for the animation to be a little longer. It was very similar to the Phenakistoscope however instead of a disk it was a cylinder (almost like a lamp shade), because of this shape it could be viewed from multiple angles.
- 13. Charles-Emile Reynaud Techniques Charles-Emile Reynaud built upon the design by william horner and invented a projector like machine which projected the small animation on to a wall. However in 1888 he created a larger version of the projector called the “Theatre Optique” which projected his first film called “Pauvre Pierrot” which was the first animated film consisting of 500 separately painted images. Examples of Works ● Pauvre Pierrot ● Le Clown et Ses Chiens ● Un Bon Bock
- 14. Muybridge and Edison Techniques Eadweard Muybridge and Thomas Edison where the inventors of the Kinetoscope. The Kinetoscope was a large box that an individual would stand over and view a short film that consisted of hundreds of pictures which would create the illusion of movement by travelling by the viewing hole quickly. Examples of Works ● Fred Ott’s Sneeze ● Blacksmith Scene ● Leonard-Cushing Fight
- 15. Lumiere Brothers Techniques The Lumiere Brothers set out to stop the problem of the “peephole kinetoscope”, they did this by inventing a new device called the cinematograph. The cinematograph was a device which could take photos but also project the images onto a wall. The device used 16fps which was a significant drop from the Kinetoscopes 48fps. Examples of Works ● Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory ● Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat ● Baby’s Dinner
- 16. Willis H. O’Brien Techniques Willis O’Brien was possibly the biggest pioneer in stop motion animation. He used clay created characters with a skeleton model inside to create the special effects for his movies. He would move the model slightly and take a picture for each movement, this was a painstaking process as it would take days to complete just one sequence, the famous fight between Kong and the T-Rex took 7 weeks to animate. Examples of Works ● The Lost World ● King Kong ● Mighty Joe Young
- 17. Ray Harryhausen Techniques Harryhausen was the apprentice to O’Brien learning many of his techniques and copying his style however Harryhausen created his own form of animation known as “Dynamation”. Dynamation was an animation technique which split the background and foreground of pre shot footage, this allowed him to seamlessly add in his animations into the footage. Harryhausen also was one of the biggest in color film with his biggest creations being the 7th voyage of sinbad and Jason and the argonauts etc. Examples of Works ● Mighty Joe Young ● The 7th Voyage of Sinbad ● Jason and the Argonauts
- 18. Jan Svankmajer Techniques Jan Svankmajer was very different in the way he used stop motion animation, he used it to create nightmarish and horror like films. Sound was a major part of Svankmajer's work, it changed the mood of his work and exaggerated the message of his films. Examples of Works ● The Last Trick ● Darkness Light Darkness ● Punch and Judy
- 19. The Brothers Quay Techniques The Brothers Quay carried on this style of horror stop motion but instead of claymation they used miniatures such as dolls and tiny objects. The Brothers Quay animations were one of the biggest inspirations to Tim Burton who is one of the biggest animators today. There original inspiration where Eastern European literature and classical music and art also known as the Gothic style. Examples of Works ● Streets of Crocodiles ● The Cabinet of Jan Svankmajer ● Rain Dance
- 20. Tim Burton Techniques Tim Burton is probably the most famous animator in the modern era because of his works like The Nightmare Before Christmas. He originally worked at Disney however he was fired for not fitting into the Disney ideology as he was more interested in working in a gothic style. Burton used claymation on his early work but decided to use models and miniatures for his films. Examples of Works ● The Nightmare Before Christmas ● Vincent ● Corpse Bride
- 21. Aardman's Animations Techniques Our company Aardman’s Animations is one of the leading creators in the UK for stop motion content. We originally created the children's tv show “Morph” but the creators of Aardman’s Animations wanted to create shows for adults as well as children and this gave birth to “The Wrong Trousers” the first creation to feature Wallace and Gromit. The 30 minute film is one of the most acclaimed and successful animated films ever made. The company went on to create their first full length film “Chicken Run” which like their previous works became and instant hit with people of all ages. Examples of Works ● Chicken Run ● Wallace And Gromit ● Morph
- 22. Animation used in different media
- 23. Video Games Almost all video games are made up entirely of animation because of the way it can be used to create these new worlds that video games require. 3d animation is the most used form of animation in this regard as it grants the most versatility as well as some of the most popular games being 3d rather than 2d. An example of this 3d animation being used in a video game is Bioshock which is one of my personal favorites. 2d animation is also used mostly for the genre of games “2d platformers” as this technique easily fits into the game and is arguably easier to achieve then 3d animation. An example of 2d animation used in video games is the game Cuphead which uses a 2d animation style almost identical to the old fashioned disney animation style that was used in the old Mickey Mouse animations etc. Video games can also be influenced by animated works for example there are games set in the universe of The Nightmare Before Christmas, these games are Oogie’s Revenge and The Pumpkin King.
- 24. Advertising Animation is also used in tv advertising however not as much as it is used in short films etc. Most of the animated adverts using the claymation technique are made by us at Aardman's Animation, our main advertisements are the DFS animations and the Change 4 Life animations. Lots of other forms of animation are used in advertising such as 2d animations for the coco pop adverts and the Melbourne Metro Safety adverts. 3d animation is also used by many different brands such as the Compare the Market advertisements.
- 25. Channel Idents Animation is the main form that channel idents take as it can be easy and good looking if it is only for a short period of time. Channel 4 seems to be the main user of the different forms of animation with them using the 3d,2d and claymation techniques. They catch an audience's attention because of the colors and the visual elements that can be placed into them which can be very hard or even impossible to achieve with live action footage.
- 26. Evaluation Looking at the way that animation has progressed through the years i believe that all of the basics have been met already and now it is only the framerate and the quality that can be improved upon now. With the rise of VR over the past couple of years animation (specifically 3d animation) will make a massive impact and will be used continuously in this new form of media viewing.