The document discusses several literary and film theories for analyzing narratives, including Todorov's 5 stages of narrative structure, Barthes' codes for audience anticipation, Propp's 7 character spheres of action, and concepts like diegesis and narrative range. Todorov's stages are outlined as equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition of disequilibrium, attempt to repair disequilibrium, and new equilibrium. Examples applying several theories are provided from films like Mean Girls, Spiderman, and The Hunger Games.