Audio compression
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Audio compression reduces the bandwidth and file size of digital audio streams and files. Lossy compression provides greater compression rates than lossless compression and is used in consumer devices, but introduces irreversible changes. Lossless compression produces an exact digital duplicate upon decompression. Common lossless formats are FLAC and Apple Lossless. Lossy compression is used widely and achieves much greater compression ratios, discarding less important data, but recompressing causes quality loss making it unsuitable for professional audio editing.
Audio compression
- 1. AUDIO COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION
- 2. Audio compression is a form of data compression designed to reduce the transmission bandwidth requirement of digital audio streams and the storage size of audio files.
- 3. Lossy algorithms provide greater compression rates and are used in mainstream consumer audio devices.
- 4. In both lossy and lossless compression, information redundancy is reduced, using methods such as coding, pattern recognition and linear prediction to reduce the amount of information used to represent the uncompressed data.Lossless audio compression produces a representation of digital data that can be expanded to an exact digital duplicate of the original audio stream. This is in contrast to the irreversible changes upon playback from lossy compression techniques such as Vorbis and mp3. Compression ratios are similar to those for generic lossless data compression (around 50–60% of original size), and substantially less than for lossy compression, which typically yield 5–20% of original size. Lossless audio compression
- 5. Applications The primary application areas of lossless encoding are:Archives For archival purposes it is generally desired to maintain best possible quality.
- 6. Editing Audio engineers use lossless compression for audio editing to avoid digital generation loss.
- 7. High fidelity playback Audiophiles prefer lossless compression formats to avoid compression artifacts.
- 8. Mastering of casual-use audio media High quality master copies of recordings are used to produce lossily compressed versions for digital audio players. As formats and encoders improve, updated lossily compressed files may be generated from the lossless master.
- 9. As file storage and communications bandwidth have become less expensive and more available, lossless audio compression has become more popular.
- 10. Formats: Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC), Apple'sApple Lossless Lossless audio codecs have no quality issues, so the usability can be estimated by:Speed of compression and decompressionDegree of compressionEvaluation criteria
- 11. Lossy audio compressionLossy audio compression is used in an extremely wide range of applications. In addition to the direct applications (mp3 players or computers), digitally compressed audio streams are used in most video DVDs; digital television; streaming media on the internet; satellite and cable radio. Lossy compression typically achieves far greater compression than lossless compression (data of 5 percent to 20 percent of the original stream, rather than 50 percent to 60 percent), by discarding less-critical data.
- 12. Coding methodsTransform domain methods Most lossy compression algorithms use transforms such as the MODIFIED DISCRETE COSINE TRANSFORM(MDCT) to convert time domain sampled waveforms into a transform domain. Once transformed, typically into the frequency domain, component frequencies can be allocated bits according to how audible they are. Audibility of spectral components is determined by first calculating a masking threshold below which it is estimated that sounds will be beyond the limits of human perception.Time domain methodsDue to the nature of lossy algorithms, audio quality suffers when a file is decompressed and recompressed (digital generation loss). This makes lossy compression unsuitable for storing the intermediate results in professional audio engineering applications, such as sound editing and multitrack recording. However, they are very popular with end users (particularly MP3), as a megabyte can store about a minute's worth of music at adequate quality.Applications