Auditory system psychology

1) Harmain Akhther (499)
2) Tayyaba Yousaf (485)
3) Asma Maqsood (510)

“SENSATION”
“A process by which our sensory
receptors and nervous system
receive and represent stimulus
energy.”

“Auditory System”
“The auditory system is a
body system that is responsible
for the sense of hearing.”

“Subsystem”
The peripheral auditory system:-
• It contain outer ear, middle ear and inner ear.
The central auditory system:-
• It is from the cochlear nucleus up to the
primary auditory cortex.

“Ear”
Outer
ear
Middle
ear
Inner
ear

“Outer ear”
 External portion of the ear.
 It consist of pinna, or
auricle, and the ear canal.
 The outer ear's main task is to
gather sound energy and amplify
sound pressure.

“Middle ear”
 It begins with the eardrum at the end of
the ear canal.
 It has three tiny bones called ossicles.
 It acts as a gatekeeper protecting it from
damage by loud sound.

“Inner ear”
 The inner ear contains the sensory organs for
hearing and balance.
 The cochlea is a bony structure shaped like a
snail and filled with fluids.
 The function of the cochlea is to transform
mechanical sound waves into electrical or neural
signals for use in the brain.

“The Process of Hearing”
 Hearing begins with pressure waves hitting the
auditory canal and ends when the brain perceives
sounds.
 waves travel along the auditory canal until they
reach the ear drum which vibrates in response.
 The vibrations of the ear drum cause oscillations in
the ossicles , the last of which sets the fluid in the
cochlea in motion.
 The cochlea separates sounds according to their
place on the frequency spectrum.

“The Process of Hearing”
 Hair cells in the cochlea perform the transduction
of these sound waves into afferent electrical
impulses.
 Auditory nerve fibers connected to the hair cells
form the spiral ganglion, which transmits the
electrical signals along the auditory nerve and
eventually on to the brain stem.
 The brain responds to these separate frequencies
and composes a complete sound from them.

“Sound Localization”
 Ability to judge or estimate where a sound
originates, called sound localization.
 Humans are able to hear a wide variety of
sound frequencies, from approximately 20 to
20,000 Hz.
 Since each ear lies on an opposite side of the
head, a sound reaches the closest ear first, and
the sound's amplitude will be in that ear.

“PERCEIVING PITCH”
Pitch refers to how high or low a sound is.
Low pitch
• The bass tones in the music pounding
through the wall of your apartment from
the neighbors next door is a low pitch.
High pitch
• The scream of a 2-year-old child is a
very high pitch.

“PERCEIVING PITCH”
There are three primary theories about how the brain
receives information about pitch.
Placed
Theory
Frequency
Theory
Volley
principle

“Placed Theory”
In this theory, the pitch a person hears
depends on where the hair cells that are
stimulated are located on the organ of
Corti.

“Frequency Theory”
This theory states that pitch is, related to
how fast the basilar membrane vibrates.
The faster this membrane vibrates,the
higher the pitch; the slower it vibrates, the
lower the pitch.

“Volley principle”
This principle account for pitches from about
400 Hz up to about 4000. In this explanation,
groups of auditory neurons take turns firing in a
process called volleying.

“HEARING IMPAIRMENT”
“Any loss or abnormality of
psychological, physiological structure or
function.”

“Causes of Hearing Impairment”
1)Diseases. 2)Aging.
3)Heredity.
4)Occupational
noise.

“Aging”
• Born with hearing
loss.
Pre-lingual
• Develops after the
acquisition of speech.
Post-lingual

“Types of Hearing Impairment”
Hearing
Impairment
Conductive.
Nerve/
sensorineural.

“Conductive Hearing Impairment”
 Conduction hearing impairment means that
sound vibrations cannot be passed from the
eardrum to the cochlea.
 These type of deafness can be from birth, or
may be caused by the damage to ear from
injury or infection.
 Conductive hearing impairment can be
diagnosed.

“Nerve Hearing Impairment ”
 In nerve hearing impairment, the problem lies
either in the inner ear or in the auditory
pathways and cortical areas of the brain.
 95% hearing loss can be caused in nerve
hearing impairment.
 Nerve hearing impairment can't be
Diagnosed.

“Symptoms”
Muffling of
speech and other
sounds.
Frequently asking
others to speak
more slowly,
clearly and loudly.
Avoidance of
some social
settings.

“Psychological effects”
Depression.
Anxiety.
Shame, guilt and anger.
Worry and frustration.
Insecurity.
Embarrassment.

“Conclusion”
The ear responds to pressure waves in the air gathered by the
outer ear and directed down the auditory canal to the tympanic
membrane or eardrum. Movements of the eardrum are
amplified by a chain of three tiny bones in the middle ear: the
ossicles. The cochlea of the inner ear is the part of the
auditory system responsible for transduction (conversion of
energy from one form to another). The cochlea converts
movements of the oval window into standing waves along the
cochlear membranes. Hair-like cells along the membranes
respond to the movement. They produce nerve impulses that
are sent to the brain along the auditory nerve. Normal adults
hear frequencies from about 20-20,000 Hz (or, with advancing
age, about 50-15,000 Hz).

Auditory system psychology

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