Automatic main gate controller
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The document describes the design of an automatic gate controller system. The system uses an infrared transmitter and receiver to detect when a person is in front of the gate. A microcontroller then sends a signal to a bi-directional motor driver to open and close the gate. The system is designed to be simple and economical. It could potentially be expanded in the future to include features like a visitor counter or password-protected access.
Automatic main gate controller
- 1. Automatic main gate controller Contents 1. ABSTRACT 2. INTRODUCTION 3. DESIGN PRINCIPLE 4. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Power Supply. Light detector Mother board Bi-directional Motor Driver. 5. FUTURE EXPANSION 6. CONCLUSION
- 2. Description In this project work, we attempt to construct a small and simple model of and Automatic Gate System, which uses a simple motor operated gate, which uses for car power window and circuitry to move the gate. The primary aim of this project is to learn in details about how the automatic gate system works and to understand to concepts involved. The secondary aim is to fabricate a simple model to show how the system works. Although we had many hiccups during the fabrication of the gate but we were able to learned a lot from this project such as team work, innovation, the skill of arc welding and the ability to put into practice what we have learned to achieve our desired outcome.
- 3. Design principle The system is designed with one entry/exit gate. The entry gate will open only when there is a person will be in front of the gate. There are Infra red transmitter (Tx) and Infrared receiver (Rx) before and after each gate which detect the arrival and departure of person and operate the Gates by issuing control signal from the microcontroller. The microcontroller output is given to the bidirectional motor driver to gate open close. The functional block diagram is as shown in the above figure, it comprises Two IR transmitter, Two IR detector modules, microcontrollers, 2 input NOR gate and a bidirectional motor driver.
- 4. Block
- 5. Circuit description Here 230V, 50 Hz ac signal is given as input to the primary of the transformer and the secondary of the transformer is given to the bridge rectification diode. The o/p of the diode is given as i/p to the IC regulator (7805 &7812) through capacitor (1000mf/35v). The o/p of the IC regulator is given to the LED through resistors.
- 6. Circuit 1k 0-12/1A 230V50Hz POWER SUPPLY 2.2K LED LED IN 4007 * 4 1000uF/35V +5V 7812 +12V 7805
- 7. Light detector The LDR sensing circuit is configured as a voltage divider circuit. At normal condition, the source light filling on the LDR its resistance increases, so the voltage decreases which is given to the non-inverting terminal of the op-amp which is nothing but the reference voltage and the inverting terminal is connected to a variable resistor (10k) through a Vcc. Here the op-amp is configured as comparator, comparator is nothing but compares the two voltages i.e. non-inverting to the inverting terminal. If the non-inverting (-) terminal is greater than the inverting (+) terminal, the output of the comparator goes to the –Vsat=0. Similarly, if the inverting terminal is greater than the non-inverting terminal, the output of the comparator goes to the +Vsat=1.
- 9. Mother board The motherboard of this project is designed with a MSC –51 core compatible micro controller. The motherboard is designed on a printed circuit board, compatible for the micro controller. This board is consisting of a socket for micro controller, input /output pull-up registers; oscillator section and auto reset circuit.
- 10. Auto reset and crystal Circuit RST 10uF 22pF 22pF 8.2k 4 - 12Mhz VCC=+5vdc AT89C51 9 18 19 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 RST XTAL2 XTAL1 PSEN ALE/PROG EA/VPP P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 P2.0/A8 P2.1/A9 P2.2/A10 P2.3/A11 P2.4/A12 P2.5/A13 P2.6/A14 P2.7/A15 P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/IN T0 P3.3/IN T1 P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD P0.0/AD0 P0.1/AD1 P0.2/AD2 P0.3/AD3 P0.4/AD4 P0.5/AD5 P0.6/AD6 P0.7/AD7 MICROCONTROLLER
- 11. The auto reset circuit is a RC network as shown in the mother board circuit diagram. A capacitor of 1-10mfd is connected in series with a 8k2 resister the R-C junction is connected to the micro controller pin –9 which is reset pin. The reset pin is one when ever kept high (logic 1) the programme counter (PC) content resets to 0000h so the processor starts executing the programme. From that location. When ever the system is switched ON the mother board gets power and the capacitor acts as short circuit and the entire voltage appears across the resistor, so the reset pin get a logic 1 and the system get reset, whenever it is being switched ON. Auto reset circuit
- 12. Crystal oscillator The 8051 family microcontroller contains an inbuilt crystal oscillator, but the crystal has to be connected externally. This family of microcontroller can support 0 to 24MHz crystal and two numbers of decoupling capacitors are connected as shown in the figure. These capacitors are decouples the charges developed on the crystal surface due to piezoelectric effect. These decoupling capacitors are normally between 20pf to 30pf. The clock generator section is designed as above,
- 13. Pull-up resistors The PORT0 and PORT2 of the MCS-51 architecture is of open collector type so on writing logic 0 the pins are providing a perfect ground potential. Where as on writing logic 1 the port pins behaves as high impedance condition so putting a pull-up resister enables the port to provide a +5volt (logic 1). Port1 and Port3 are provided with internal pull-ups. A pull-up resister is normally a 10K resistance connected from the port pin to the Vcc (+5) volt.
- 15. Bi-directional motor driver Here we drive the PMDC motor in both the direction using transistor h- bridge of ICs l293d . An H-bridge is an arrangement of transistors that allows a circuit full control over a standard electric DC motor. That is, with an H-bridge a microcontroller, logic chip, or remote control can electronically command the motor to go forward, reverse, brake, and coast.
- 16. Circuit 5 6 16 9 L 293D 11 14 4 Bi-directional motor driver M 12 15 Vcc M 1 3 7 D VCC 8 A 13 B 10 C2
- 17. Future expansion The present project is designed for only automatic gate open close system. Further it can be expanded for visitor counter system. And also program using password based door open close system. This design is a application of simple digital IC. This same design can be computed using Microcontroller and many more facilities can be incorporated in it.
- 18. Conclusion The system is designed in the laboratory and tested in the laboratory condition. It is observed that the system is operating satisfactorily with a very minimum error which is quit less than the experimental tolerance level. The design is quite stable and economical.
- 19. --------------- Thank you ---------------