Ayodele PPT
- 1. CARBON STORAGE IN SOILS UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USE TYPES AND DEPTHS Presented by Adeoye David AYODELE Matric. Number: 189246 B. Agric. (A.A.U.) Supervisor Co-supervisors Prof. J.A.I. Omueti Dr. (Mrs.) E.Y. Thomas Dr. J. R. Orimoloye 1
- 2. Soil carbon can act as a source or as a sink for CO2 in the atmosphere (Fisher and Binkley 2000; Högberg et al., 2002; Fröberg, 2004) Other major Carbon reservoirs include: biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere (Wilding et al., 2001). Carbon in the soil is an important factor when studying global carbon budgets (Wilding et al., 2001; Berg and McClaugherty 2003; Lehtonen et al., 2004). 2
- 3. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION • Carbon is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. • C forms the basis of most living organisms. • Soil carbon exists in both organic and inorganic forms. • Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) is derived from bedrock or formed when CO2 is trapped in mineral form (e.g. as calcium carbonate). • Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is the main constituent of Soil Organic Matter (SOM). • SOC content therefore tends to increase as soil develops undisturbed over time. 3
- 4. • Soil organic carbon is an index of sustainable land management (Woomer et al., 1994; Nandwa, 2001) • It has been suggested that a critical level of SOC is 2% (SOM 3.4%), below which soil structural stability will suffer a significant decline (Kemper and Koch, 1966; Greenland et al., 1975). • Land Use and Soil management can affect the relative balance of these processes and their environmental impacts. 4 INTRODUCTION CONT’DINTRODUCTION CONT’D
- 5. • Land use is a non-static concept which involves the management and modification of natural environment into built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements (FAO,1997;FAO/UNEP, 1999). • It has also been defined as “the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it ’’ (FAO,1997;FAO/UNEP, 1999). • Estimating the carbon stock in reliable values is necessary for understanding the global Carbon cycle, as well as for developing national inventories of greenhouse gases (Lehtonen et al., 2004); while estimating its spatial variability is important when developing carbon budgets, explaining climate change and characterizing ecosystems (Davis et al., 2004). 5 INTRODUCTION CONT’DINTRODUCTION CONT’D
- 6. JUSTIFICATIONJUSTIFICATION • The concentration of soil organic matter (SOM) or soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important determinant of soil function. • A reduction in SOM as a result of tillage practices has been established (Lal et al., 1994, Jones et al., 2004). • Soil contains an important pool of active carbon that plays a major role in the global carbon cycle (Melilo et al., 1995, Prentice et al., 2003). • Estimating carbon stocks and their distribution in different ecosystem pools is important to understand the degree to which carbon is allocated to labile and stable components. This information is also useful in estimating the amount of carbon that is potentially emitted to the atmosphere due to land use changes as well as from natural or artificially induced events (Houghton, 2005). • In order to reduce carbon in the atmosphere, it is important to investigate which type of land use and or land cover type is suitable for long-term carbon stock/sequestration. 6
- 7. Could be used for justification Agricultural practices lead to a reduction in carbon stocks mainly due to removal of above ground biomass as harvest with subsequent burning and/or decomposition and losses of soil carbon by erosion (Lal, 1999; Balesdent and Balbane, 1996; Fahnestock et al., 1996). Thus, there is a need for developing sustainable agricultural systems to maintain and improve biomass and soil organic compound (SOC) content while mitigating the land degradation and greenhouse gas emissions (Patrick et al., 2005; Takahashi et al., 2010). Almost half of all agricultural land maintains at least 10% tree cover (Zomer et al., 2014). Despite widespread distribution, tree outside forests (TOF) are an often neglected carbon pool and little information is available on carbon stocks in these systems or their carbon sequestration potential (de Foresta et al., 2013; Hairiah et al., 2011). 7
- 8. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES •To determine amount of carbon stock in the soil under different land use types. Estimate the amount of carbon sequestered by the various land use types 8
- 9. MATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODS • The study area is located at Onigambari Forest Reserve in Oluyole LGA, Oyo State. • The study area falls within lat • Soil samples will be collected from different land use types (arable land, teak plantation and natural forest) at 0- 15cm, 15-30cm and 30-60cm depths using soil auger • Samples will be processed in laboratory and the soil organic carbon will be estimated by standard Walkley and Black method. • Amount of coarse fragments will be estimated in each sample collected from different land use types. • Bulk density at every site will be estimated by standard core method. 9
- 10. • Data collected will be subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GenStat package. The means will be separated using the Duncan`s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). • Correlation and regression analysis will also be employed. Please be sure you are to use Anova in this experiment 10 DATA ANALYSISDATA ANALYSIS
- 11. Carbon storage in soils at the various depths will be determined under different land use types. 11 EXPECTED RESULTSEXPECTED RESULTS
- 12. recommendations Management practices like afforestation should be encouraged by Various Government Policy towards cleaning up of our environment 12