Based on GSM Automated and Smart Irrigation System Using Android

International Journal of Trend in
International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
Based on GSM
Irrigation System
Lecturer Senior Grade, Department
Sri Krishna Polytechnic College,
ABSTRACT
The greenhouse based modern agriculture industries
are the recent requirement in every part of agriculture
in India. In this technology, the humidity and
temperature of plants are precisely controlled. Due
tothe variable atmospheric circumstances these
conditions sometimes may vary from place to place in
large farmhouse, which makes very difficult to
maintain the uniformity at all the places in the
farmhouse manually. It is observed that for the first
time an android phone-control the Irrigation system,
which could give the facilities of maintaining uniform
environmental conditions are proposed. The Android
Software Development Kit provides the tools and
Application Programmable Interface necessary to
begin developing applications on the Android
platform using the Java programming language.
Mobile phones have almost become an integral part of
human life serving multiple needs of humans. This
application makes use of the GPRS [General Packet
Radio Service] feature of mobile phone as a solution
for irrigation control system.GSM (Global System for
Mobile Communication) is used to inform the user
about the exact field condition. The information is
passed onto the user request in the form of SMS.
Keywords: GSM module (mobile), Android, SMS,
automatic irrigation, microcontroller, Temperature
sensor, soil moisture sensor, regulated power supply.
I. INTRODUCTION:
Irrigation is a scientific process of artificially
supplying water to the land or soil that is be
cultivated. Traditionally in dry regions having no or
little rainfall water had to be supplied to the
fields either through canals or hand pumps, tube
wells. Conventional irrigation methods had severe
problems such as increase in workload
labor and often it lead to problem such as
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal | www.ijtsrd.com
6470 | Volume - 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov – Dec 2018
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2018
n GSM Automated and Smart
Irrigation System Using Android
J. Ravichandran
Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering,
Sri Krishna Polytechnic College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
The greenhouse based modern agriculture industries
are the recent requirement in every part of agriculture
in India. In this technology, the humidity and
temperature of plants are precisely controlled. Due
variable atmospheric circumstances these
conditions sometimes may vary from place to place in
large farmhouse, which makes very difficult to
maintain the uniformity at all the places in the
farmhouse manually. It is observed that for the first
control the Irrigation system,
which could give the facilities of maintaining uniform
environmental conditions are proposed. The Android
Software Development Kit provides the tools and
Application Programmable Interface necessary to
ing applications on the Android
platform using the Java programming language.
Mobile phones have almost become an integral part of
human life serving multiple needs of humans. This
application makes use of the GPRS [General Packet
mobile phone as a solution
for irrigation control system.GSM (Global System for
Mobile Communication) is used to inform the user
about the exact field condition. The information is
passed onto the user request in the form of SMS.
(mobile), Android, SMS,
automatic irrigation, microcontroller, Temperature
sensor, soil moisture sensor, regulated power supply.
Irrigation is a scientific process of artificially
supplying water to the land or soil that is being
cultivated. Traditionally in dry regions having no or
little rainfall water had to be supplied to the
fields either through canals or hand pumps, tube
wells. Conventional irrigation methods had severe
n workload off arm
labor and often it lead to problem such as over
irrigation or under-irrigation, and leaching of soil.
Develop android based automatic Farming system
capable of controlling many
an irrigation or field using android platform with
a mobile handset, where data transmission is carried
wirelessly. That’s why design Wireless
transmission media using Wi-
interfacing peripherals for wireless data
communication between Mobile Handset and
appliances is our need. Hence to create a database of
user interface in order to characterize the electric
signals to atomize farming system. And to develop
the GUI interface to monitor and change the curren
status of field on any android smart phones. Another
important point is not only monitor the temperature
and maintain moisture level in the field for proper
growth of plants but also save water, Energy and
man power in the agriculture Sector. So
such a system that will be efficient and effort
reducing of the farmer. Hence we design the
System which is operated manually as well as
automatically from remote locations by using
Android.
The GSM based irrigation syst
users the flexibility to regulate and control the
operations of their irrigation systems with little
intervention to reduce runoff from over watering for
improvement in crop yield. This enables users to take
advantage of the globally deployed GSM networks
with its low SMS service cost to use mobile phones
and simple SMS commands to manage their irrigation
system. It will be possible for users to use SMS to
monitor directly the conditions of their farmland,
schedule the water needs of cr
control watering, and set control operational
conditions in accordance with the water needs of
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
www.ijtsrd.com
Dec 2018
Dec 2018 Page: 256
tation and Control Engineering,
India
irrigation, and leaching of soil.
Develop android based automatic Farming system
electrical appliances in
field using android platform with
a mobile handset, where data transmission is carried
wirelessly. That’s why design Wireless
-Fi transceivers and its
interfacing peripherals for wireless data
ication between Mobile Handset and
appliances is our need. Hence to create a database of
user interface in order to characterize the electric
signals to atomize farming system. And to develop
interface to monitor and change the current
status of field on any android smart phones. Another
important point is not only monitor the temperature
and maintain moisture level in the field for proper
growth of plants but also save water, Energy and
man power in the agriculture Sector. So we design
such a system that will be efficient and effort
reducing of the farmer. Hence we design the
System which is operated manually as well as
automatically from remote locations by using
The GSM based irrigation system [Fig.1] may offer
users the flexibility to regulate and control the
operations of their irrigation systems with little
intervention to reduce runoff from over watering for
improvement in crop yield. This enables users to take
eployed GSM networks
with its low SMS service cost to use mobile phones
and simple SMS commands to manage their irrigation
system. It will be possible for users to use SMS to
monitor directly the conditions of their farmland,
schedule the water needs of crops, automatically
control watering, and set control operational
conditions in accordance with the water needs of

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
crops. This will help minimize overwatering and crop
production cost. Drip irrigation is artificial method of
supplying water to the roots of the plant. It is also
called micro irrigation. In past few years there is a
rapid growth in this system.
Fig.1: GSM based automatic irrigation control
system
II. Android Architecture
Android is a mobile operating system that is based on
a modified version of Linux. It was
developed by a start up of the same name, Android,
Inc. In 2005, as part of its strategy to enter the mobile
space, Google purchased Android and took over its
development work (as well as its development
team).The followingFig.2 shows the major
components of the Android operating system. The
main advantage of adopting Android is that
unified approach to application development and their
applications should be able to run
different devices, as long as the devices are powered
using Android Applications: These are applications
written in Java. Some of basic applications include
calendar, email client, SMS program, maps, making
phone calls, accessing the Web browser, accessing
your contacts list and others.
Application Framework:
This is the skeleton or framework which all android
developers have to follow. The developers
all framework APIs an manage phone’s basic
functions like resource allocation, switching
processes or programs, telephone applications, and
keeping track of the phone’s physical location
Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
crops. This will help minimize overwatering and crop
production cost. Drip irrigation is artificial method of
the plant. It is also
called micro irrigation. In past few years there is a
Fig.1: GSM based automatic irrigation control
Android is a mobile operating system that is based on
f Linux. It was originally
of the same name, Android,
Inc. In 2005, as part of its strategy to enter the mobile
purchased Android and took over its
development work (as well as its development
shows the major
components of the Android operating system. The
is that it offers a
unified approach to application development and their
applications should be able to run on numerous
vices are powered
: These are applications
written in Java. Some of basic applications include
SMS program, maps, making
phone calls, accessing the Web browser, accessing
This is the skeleton or framework which all android
The developers can access
all framework APIs an manage phone’s basic
allocation, switching between
ne applications, and
physical location.
GSM:
The Global System for Mobile Communication is a
standard set developed by the
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to
describe technologies (2G and 3G).
Libraries:
This layer consists of Android libraries written in C,
C++, and used by various systems.
the device how to handle different kinds of data and
are exposed to Android developers via
Application framework. Some of thes
include media, graphics, 3D, SQL, web browser
library etc. The Android runtime layer which includes
set of core java libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual
Machine) is also located in same layer.
Runtime Android:
This layer includes set of base li
required for java libraries. Every
gets its own instance of DVM. Dalvik has been
written so that a device can run multiple VMs
efficiently and it executes files in executable (.Dex)
optimized for minimum memory.
Kernel Linux:
This layer includes Android’s memory management
programs, security settings,
software and several drivers for hardware, file system
access, networking and inter-process
The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer
hardware and the rest of the software stack.
Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 257
The Global System for Mobile Communication is a
standard set developed by the European
Standards Institute (ETSI) to
describe technologies (2G and 3G).
This layer consists of Android libraries written in C,
C++, and used by various systems. These libraries tell
the device how to handle different kinds of data and
are exposed to Android developers via Android
framework. Some of these libraries
media, graphics, 3D, SQL, web browser
The Android runtime layer which includes
set of core java libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual
in same layer.
This layer includes set of base libraries that are
required for java libraries. Every Android application
gets its own instance of DVM. Dalvik has been
written so that a device can run multiple VMs
efficiently and it executes files in executable (.Dex)
optimized for minimum memory.
This layer includes Android’s memory management
programs, security settings, power management
software and several drivers for hardware, file system
process communication.
The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between
hardware and the rest of the software stack.

III. GSM Based Irrigation Control System
The connections between the two mobiles are done
using GSM. The GSM module and microcontroller
are connected using UART (universal asynchronous
receiver / transmitter). When the moisture
senses the low moisture content of the soil, it gives a
signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller
then gives a signal to the called mobile (which is kept
in the auto answering mode). The called mobile
activates the buzzer.
Therefore when calling mobile calls, that buzzer is
heard indicating the valve needs to be open.
pressing the button in the called function, the signal is
given back to the microcontroller. The
microcontroller gives signal to the valves which
causes it to get open. The water is given to the root of
the plant drop by drop, and when the moisture content
becomes sufficient, the sensor senses this and gives
back the signal to the Applications microcontroller
and the buzzer becomes off. Then by pres
button in the calling function again, the
off. The power supply needed by the controlling
system is +5V. The entire unit is as shown in Fig.3.
An UART is responsible for performing the main task
in serial communications with compute
changes incoming parallel information to serial data
which can be sent on a communication line.
UART can be used to receive the information. The
UART performs all the tasks, timing, parity checking,
etc. needed for the communication. The only
devices attached are line driver chips capable of
transforming the TTL level signals to line
and vice versa. The Microcontroller ARM7 structure
is a general purpose 32-bit microprocessor, which
offers high performance and very low power
GSM Based Irrigation Control System
The connections between the two mobiles are done
microcontroller
connected using UART (universal asynchronous
ter). When the moisture sensor
moisture content of the soil, it gives a
signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller
the called mobile (which is kept
in the auto answering mode). The called mobile
Therefore when calling mobile calls, that buzzer is
heard indicating the valve needs to be open. By
the button in the called function, the signal is
given back to the microcontroller. The
signal to the valves which
causes it to get open. The water is given to the root of
when the moisture content
becomes sufficient, the sensor senses this and gives
Applications microcontroller
and the buzzer becomes off. Then by pressing the
button in the calling function again, the valve is made
off. The power supply needed by the controlling
system is +5V. The entire unit is as shown in Fig.3.
An UART is responsible for performing the main task
in serial communications with computers. The device
changes incoming parallel information to serial data
which can be sent on a communication line. A second
information. The
UART performs all the tasks, timing, parity checking,
The only extra
devices attached are line driver chips capable of
transforming the TTL level signals to line voltages
vice versa. The Microcontroller ARM7 structure
bit microprocessor, which
performance and very low power
consumption. The ARM architecture is based on
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
and the instruction set and related decode mechanism
are much simpler than those of
Complex Instruction Set Computers Can
control water flow.
IV. Structure of GSM Module
At present the GSM module is used for Remote
Control activities such as Gate Control,
Control etc. GSM/GPRS module consists of a
GSM/GPRS modem assembled together with power
supply circuit and communication interfaces (like RS
232, USB) for computer. The
such modules. They generate, transmit or decode data
from a cellular network
communication between the cellular network and the
computer. These are manufactured
cellular network (GSM/UMTS/CDMA) or specific
cellular data standard
(GSM/UMTS/GPRS/EDGE/HSDPA) or technology
(GPS/SIM). They use serial communication to
interface with the user and need Hayes compatible AT
(Attention) commands for communication with the
computer (any microprocessor
system).
An RS-232 port was once a standard feature of a
personal computer for connections to
printers, mice, data storage, un
supplies, and other peripheral devices. However, the
limited transmission speed, relatively large voltage
swing, and large standard connectors motivated
development of the universal
displaced RS-232 from most of its peripheral interface
roles. Many modern personal
232 ports and must use an external converter to
connect to older peripherals. Some
are still found especially in industrial machines or
scientific instruments.
Dec 2018 Page: 258
consumption. The ARM architecture is based on
Set Computer (RISC) principles,
and the instruction set and related decode mechanism
those of micro programmed
omputers Can be used to
Structure of GSM Module
At present the GSM module is used for Remote
Control activities such as Gate Control, Temperature
etc. GSM/GPRS module consists of a
GSM/GPRS modem assembled together with power
and communication interfaces (like RS-
computer. The MODEM is the soul of
such modules. They generate, transmit or decode data
cellular network, for establishing
communication between the cellular network and the
are manufactured for specific
cellular network (GSM/UMTS/CDMA) or specific
cellular data standard
(GSM/UMTS/GPRS/EDGE/HSDPA) or technology
(GPS/SIM). They use serial communication to
the user and need Hayes compatible AT
ommands for communication with the
any microprocessor or microcontroller
232 port was once a standard feature of a
personal computer for connections to modems,
, mice, data storage, un-interruptible power
supplies, and other peripheral devices. However, the
speed, relatively large voltage
swing, and large standard connectors motivated
the universal serial bus which has
232 from most of its peripheral interface
computers have no RS-
232 ports and must use an external converter to
peripherals. Some RS-232 devices
are still found especially in industrial machines or

Liquid/moisture sensor and precision centigrade
temperature sensors
Detects presence of liquid or moisture between two
wire leads and gives active High output.
wire is porous; therefore it allows transmission of
water vapors into the sensor. These exposed areas
engineered very thinly. Therefore the sensor responds
very rapidly to changes in applied moisture, both
when being dried (on process start-up) and wh
called into action if there is moisture ingress into a
process.
These are the types of sensors mainly used for,
Interfacing with Microcontroller to detect liquid
levels.
Moisture detection for automatic watering of
plants.
Liquid level detection by putting multiple probes
at each liquid level.
Another important feature of this circuit is induction
of Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors.
TheLM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can be
used to measure temperature with an electrical
proportional to the temperature (in °C). With an
LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately
than using a thermostat. The sensor circuitry is sealed
and not subject to oxidation.
Liquid/moisture sensor and precision centigrade
Detects presence of liquid or moisture between two
wire leads and gives active High output. The exposed
wire is porous; therefore it allows transmission of
water vapors into the sensor. These exposed areas are
very thinly. Therefore the sensor responds
very rapidly to changes in applied moisture, both
up) and when
called into action if there is moisture ingress into a
These are the types of sensors mainly used for,
Interfacing with Microcontroller to detect liquid
Moisture detection for automatic watering of
ting multiple probes
Another important feature of this circuit is induction
of Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors.
TheLM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can be
used to measure temperature with an electrical output
to the temperature (in °C). With an
LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately
a thermostat. The sensor circuitry is sealed
Water level indicator
The model consists of a series of tanks arranged on
below the other. The volume of the tanks is
descending order. Water flows from the top tank
through outlets at the bottom. Three tanks or tropic
levels chosen for the model is the optimum number
required to analyze the effect of top down and bottom
up controls.
V. Software Implementations
Android Software development kit
Android software development is the process by
which new applications are created for the
operating system. Applications are usually developed
in the Java programming language using the
Software Development Kit. The Android software
development kit (SDK) includes a comprehensive set
of development tools. These include a debugger,
libraries, a handset emulator based on QEMU,
documentation, sample code, and tutorials. The SDK
also supports older versions of the Android platform
in case developers wish to target their applications at
older devices. Development tools are downloadable
components, so after one has
version and platform, older platforms and tools can
also be downloaded for compatibility
applications are packaged in.apk format and stored
under /data/app folder on the Android
is accessible only to the root user for security
reasons). APK package contains.dex
byte code files called Dalvik executable), resource
files, etc...
VI. Conclusions
Irrigation has been the backbone of human
civilization since man has started agriculture
generation evolved, man developed many methods of
irrigation to supply water to the land. In the
Dec 2018 Page: 259
The model consists of a series of tanks arranged one
below the other. The volume of the tanks is in
order. Water flows from the top tank
through outlets at the bottom. Three tanks or tropic
for the model is the optimum number
required to analyze the effect of top down and bottom
Software Implementations
Android Software development kit
Android software development is the process by
which new applications are created for the Android
system. Applications are usually developed
in the Java programming language using the Android
Development Kit. The Android software
development kit (SDK) includes a comprehensive set
tools. These include a debugger,
ndset emulator based on QEMU,
code, and tutorials. The SDK
also supports older versions of the Android platform
to target their applications at
older devices. Development tools are downloadable
one has downloaded the latest
version and platform, older platforms and tools can
for compatibility testing. Android
applications are packaged in.apk format and stored
the Android OS (the folder
le only to the root user for security
reasons). APK package contains.dex files (compiled
byte code files called Dalvik executable), resource
Irrigation has been the backbone of human
civilization since man has started agriculture. As the
evolved, man developed many methods of
irrigation to supply water to the land. In the present

scenario on conservation of water is of high
importance. Present work is attempts to save the
natural resources available for human kind. By
continuously monitoring the status of the soil, we can
control the flow of water and thereby reduce the
wastage. By knowing the status of moisture and
temperature through GSM with the use of moisture
and temperature sensors, water flow can be controlled
by just sending a message from our
Conservation of water and labor: Since the systems
are automatic, they do not require
monitoring by labor. System and operational
flexibility: As desired, any valve can be controlled
along with the pump and increases the efficiency of
water use. If water is stored in tanks at irrigation
lands, one can get the status of the status
level, temperature sensor and moisture content in soil
through SMS generator by microcontroller
the irrigation land. The system has an incorporated
Bluetooth for remote monitoring which reduces the
problem of range with GSM network and saves SMS
cost for the farmer. The smoke sensors used to send
emergency information to user in case
or burning of motor. The design is low power, low
cost, small size, robust and highly versatile.
Thus, this system avoids over irrigation, under
irrigation, top soil erosion and reduce the wastage of
water. The main advantage is that the system’s action
can be changed according to the situation (crops,
weather conditions, soil etc.). By implementing this
system, agricultural, horticultural lands, parks,
gardens, golf courses can be irrigated. Thus, this
system is cheaper and efficient when compared to
other type of automation system. In large
applications, high sensitivity sensors can be
implemented for large areas of agricultural lands.
stand by battery or solar cells can be implemented
which comes into use in case of power cuts.
secondary pump can be used in case of failure of the
pump.
References
1. Kay, M., “Smallholder irrigation technology:
Prospects for sub-Saharan Africa” International
Program for Technology and Research
Irrigation and Drainage, FAO, Rome, 2001, pp. 1
25.
2. N. Shah and I. Das, “Precision Irrigation Sensor
Network Based Irrigation”, a book on Problems,
on conservation of water is of high
importance. Present work is attempts to save the
for human kind. By
ontinuously monitoring the status of the soil, we can
thereby reduce the
knowing the status of moisture and
temperature through GSM with the use of moisture
sensors, water flow can be controlled
just sending a message from our mobile.
of water and labor: Since the systems
are automatic, they do not require continuous
System and operational
flexibility: As desired, any valve can be controlled
the efficiency of
water use. If water is stored in tanks at irrigation
the status of the water
level, temperature sensor and moisture content in soil
by microcontroller present at
system has an incorporated
Bluetooth for remote monitoring which reduces the
GSM network and saves SMS
cost for the farmer. The smoke sensors used to send
of fire in field
or burning of motor. The design is low power, low
versatile.
Thus, this system avoids over irrigation, under
irrigation, top soil erosion and reduce the wastage of
system’s action
can be changed according to the situation (crops,
, soil etc.). By implementing this
system, agricultural, horticultural lands, parks,
be irrigated. Thus, this
n compared to
In large scale
applications, high sensitivity sensors can be
implemented for large areas of agricultural lands. A
by battery or solar cells can be implemented
which comes into use in case of power cuts. A
can be used in case of failure of the
Kay, M., “Smallholder irrigation technology:
Saharan Africa” International
and Research in
Irrigation and Drainage, FAO, Rome, 2001, pp. 1–
N. Shah and I. Das, “Precision Irrigation Sensor
Network Based Irrigation”, a book on Problems,
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Management, IIT Bombay, India, pp. 217
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Lisbon, July 2007, pp. 310
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potato farming International Journal
Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No.
8, 2010, pp. 3955-3963.
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GSM-Bluetooth based remote controlled
embedded system for irrigation,
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9. Webin Huang, Guanglong Wang, Research of
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different Soilless Media in Glasshouse,41
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Microcontroller-Based System to Monitor Crop
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man, S. H., “Automated irrigation systems
using plant and soil sensors”, American Society of
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Benzekri, A., Meghriche, K., and Refoufi, L., PC-
based automation of a multi-mode control for an
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ngineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No.
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application of GSM communication in agricultural
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Shengde, and YangYan, School of Electric and
Electronic Engineering, A Remote Measurement
and Control System for Greenhouse Based on
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Webin Huang, Guanglong Wang, Research of
sor Networks for an Intelligent
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M, Yazar A, Irrigation Management on
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different Soilless Media in Glasshouse,41-48,
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Based System to Monitor Crop
Temperature and Water Status, pp.168-173, 2010.

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