2. Presentation Layout
1-Introduction
1.1- What is Nanotechnology?
1.1.1- Why nanoscale?
1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?
1.1.3- Nanomaterials’ characteristics
1.2- When Nanotechnology started
1.3- Approaches of Nanotechnology
1.3.1- Bottom-up or top-down?
2- Applications of Nanotechnology
3. 1.1- What is Nanotechnology?
The design, characterization, and application of
structures, devices, and systems by controlled
manipulation of size and shape of materials at
the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and
macromolecular scale) ,
To produce materials with at least one
novel/superior characteristic or property.
4. Why Nanoscale?
A nanometer (nm) is one thousand
millionth of a meter. People are
interested in the nanoscale because at
this scale physical and chemical
properties of materials differ
significantly from those at a larger scale.
6. 1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?
Is defined as any material that has unique or
novel properties, due to the nanoscale ( nano
metre- scale) structuring.
These are formed by incorporation or
structuring of nanoparticles.
They are subdivided into nanocrystals,
nanopowders, and nanotubes: A sequence
of nanoscale of C60 atoms arranged in a long
thin cylindrical structure.
10. 1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?
Nanotubes are extremely strong
mechanically and very pure
conductors of electric current.
Applications of the nanotube
include resistors, capacitors, inducto
rs, diodes
and transistors. ),.
11. 1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?
Nanomaterials are interesting
because at the small scale, materials
have fundamentally different
properties than at the bulk due to
increased surface area to volume
ratios.
12. 1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?
Increased interaction and reactvity is one
of the by products of materials that are
nanoscale, which means potentially using
less of the material or that even on the
nanoscale the properties are so utterly
different from that of the bulk scale.
13. 1.1.2- Nanomaterials’ Characteristics
Most of them are novel, why?
One definition of novel materials is:
(new forms of existing materials with
characteristics that differ
significantly from familiar or
naturally-occurring forms.)
Nanomaterials can have one, two or
three dimensions in the nanoscale:
14. Category of nanomaterials
example
One-dimensional nanomaterials
layers, multi-layers, thin films, platelets and surface
coatings. They have been developed and used for
decades, particularly in the electronics industry.
Two-dimensional nanomaterials
nanowires, nanofibres made from a variety of
elements other than carbon, nanotubes and, a
subset of this group, carbon nanotubes.
Three-dimensional nanomaterials
are known as nanoparticles and include
precipitates, colloids and quantum dots (tiny
particles of semiconductor materials), and
Nanocrystalline materials
1.1.2- Nanomaterials’ Characteristics
15. 1.2- When Nanotechnology started
In some senses, nanoscience and
nanotechnologies are not new.
Chemists have been making polymers,
which are large molecules made up of
nanoscale subunits, for many decades
and nanotechnologies have been used to
create the tiny features on computer
chips for the past 20 years.
16. 1.2- When Nanotechnology started
However, advances in the tools that
now allow atoms and molecules to be
examined and probed with great
precision have enabled the
expansion and development of
nanoscience and nanotechnologies.
17. 1.3- Approaches of Nanotechnology
(growth methods ):
1.3.1- Bottom-up or top-down?
Bottom-up approaches seek to have smaller
components built up into more complex
assemblies, while top-down approaches seek to
create nanoscale devices by using larger,
externally controlled ones to direct their
assembly.
The top-down approach often uses the
traditional workshop or micro-fabrication
methods where externally controlled tools are
used to cut, mill, and shape materials into the
desired shape and order.
18. 1.3.1- Bottom-up or top-down?
Micropatterning techniques, such
as photolithography and inkjet
printing belong to this category.
Bottom-up approaches, in contrast, use
the chemical properties of single
molecules to cause single-molecule
components to
(a) self-organize or self-assemble into
some useful conformation, or
(b) rely on positional assembly.
20. 2- Applications of Nanotechnology:
2.1 General Applications
Application
Examples
Medicine
Diagnostics, Drug delivery, Tissue engineering,
Cryonics
Information and communication
Memory storage, Novel semiconductor devices,
Novel optoelectronic devices, Displays,
Quantum computers
Heavy Industry
Aerospace, Catalysis, Catalysis, Construction
Vehicle manufacturers
Consumer goods
Foods, Household, Optics, Textiles, Cosmetics,
Sports
Environment
21. 2.2- Environmental Applications
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Application
Examples
Carbon capture
Photocatalyst consisting of silica Nanosprings
coated with a combination of titanium dioxide
Sensors
Pollutants sensors that able to detect lower limits
with low cost
Remediation (decontamination, oil spill
management)
Heavy metal decontaminant removes heavy metals
such as lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper,
manganese and cobalt in a neutral pH environment
without using any form of sulphur.
Wastewater treatment
Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies' ceramic
membrane modules, utilizing the CeraMem
technology platform, can be supplied with a variety
of inorganic microfiltration and ultrafiltration
membranes.
Energy
Heat distribution e.g. ceramic-like
materials that provide sufficient reliability and
durability of the entire structure
Drinking water purification
