Basics, derma
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The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the key parts of the male reproductive system including the testes, duct system, accessory sex glands, penis and scrotum. It also describes the functions of these parts such as sperm and hormone production. For the female system it outlines the external genitalia and internal organs including the vagina, uterus, uterine tubes and ovaries. It concludes by discussing tissue types found in the reproductive systems and causes of sexually transmitted diseases.
![Glandular part of testes
• Each testis consists of 200 – 300 lobules.
• Each lobule contains 1-4 highly coiled loops
called seminiferous tubule.
• In between seminiferous tubule lies the
Interstitial cells [cells of Leydig]. These secrete
testosterone](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/basicsderma-180315014137/85/Basics-derma-11-320.jpg)
Basics, derma
- 2. Contents • Overview on male reproductive system • Female reproductive system • Tissue
- 3. Male Reproductive System • Include : Testes, a system of ducts (including the epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra) Accessory sex glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands), and several supporting structures Including the scrotum and the penis
- 5. • Testes (male gonads) produce sperm and secrete hormones. • Duct system transports and stores sperm, assists in their maturation, and conveys them to the exterior. • Semen contains sperm plus the secretions provided by the accessory sex glands.
- 6. Function of Male reproductory system • Testes : Sperm , Testosterone • Ducts : Transport, store, assist in maturation of sperm • Accessory sex glands: Secretes liquid portion of semen • Penis : Ejaculation of semen, excretion of urine
- 7. Scrotum • Supporting structure for the testes • consists of loose skin and underlying subcutaneous layer that hangs from the root (attached portion) of the penis. • Externally, the scrotum looks like a single pouch of skin separated into lateral portions by a median ridge called the raphe • Internally, the scrotal septum divides the scrotum into two sacs, each containing a single testis .
- 8. • Septum is made up of a subcutaneous layer and muscle tissue called the dartos muscle. • Associated with each testis in the scrotum is the cremaster muscle. - contraction of its muscle fibers regulate the temperature of the testes. • Normal sperm production requires a temperature about 2–3C below core body temperature.
- 9. Testes • Reproductive glands of the male • Paired, small oval, pink colour • Situated outside the abdominal cavity inside the scrotum • About 4.5cm long, 2.5cm wide, and 3cm thick, weight about 10-15gm
- 10. STRUCTURE OF TESTES COVERING OF TESTES: • surrounded by three layers: - Tunica Vaginalis: Outermost covering of testes formed by serous membrane - Tunica albuginea: Middle covering of testes formed by fibrous tissue - Tunica Vasculosa: It is the inner most layer of connective tissue, and rich in blood vessels.
- 11. Glandular part of testes • Each testis consists of 200 – 300 lobules. • Each lobule contains 1-4 highly coiled loops called seminiferous tubule. • In between seminiferous tubule lies the Interstitial cells [cells of Leydig]. These secrete testosterone
- 14. EPIDIDYMIS • Important part of the male reproductive system. • Firm structure lying posterior to the testis with vas deferens lying on its medial side. • It is in the form of a narrow, coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the near of each testis to its vas deferens.
- 15. FUNCTIONS OF EPIDIDYMIS • It store sperm. • Transports the spermatozoa from testes to vas deferens.
- 16. VAS DEFERENS • Vas deferens is thick walled tube that conveys mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct. • It is about 45cm long, 3mm diameter and 1mm thick, arising from the lower end of the epididymis. FUNCTION OF VAS DEFERENS - To transport spermatozoa from Epididymis to ejaculatory duct.
- 17. SPERMTAIC CORD • Spermatic cord suspends the testes in the scrotum. • Each spermatic cord is composed of fibroconnective tissue and smooth muscle contained to: • Testicular artery Testicular vein Lymph vessels Nerves Vas deferens (Ductus deferens) Processus Vaginalis
- 18. FUNCTIONS OF SPERMATIC CORD To suspend testes in the scrotum. To give passage for different structures EJACULATORY DUCT • Ejaculatory ducts are two short tubes about 2cm in length. • Pass through the prostate gland and join the prostatic urethra. It is carrying seminal fluid and spermatozoa to the urethra
- 19. SEMINAL VESICLES • Seminal vesicles are two small fibro muscular pouches. They are situated in lower abdomen on either side of Prostate. FUNCTIONS OF SEMINAL VESICLES • The seminal vesicles secrete mucin. • These secretions provide nutrition of sperm, clotting of sperm.
- 20. PROSTATE • Accessory gland of male reproductive system. • Lies in the pelvic cavity in front of rectum and behind the symphysis pubis. FUNCTIONS OF PROSTATE GLAND • Secrete a thin, milky, slightly alkaline fluid, contains sodium, calcium, zinc, citrate, cholesterol, phospholipids and clotting enzyme called prostatic fluid. These fluids help in maintenance of optimum pH for fertilization. • Prostatic fluids help in clotting of semen.
- 21. BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS • Also called as Cowper’s glands. • Small, two pea sized glands situated below the prostate gland. FUNCTIONS • Production of pre-ejaculate fluid help to lubricate the urethra for spermatozoa to pass and neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra.
- 22. SEMEN • Fluid and contains sperm and secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s glands. • Each ejaculation, it discharges about 2-3.5 ml of semen with 200-300 million of sperms. COMPOSITIONS OF SEMEN - Sperms 10% - Products from seminal vesicle 60% - Products from prostate gland 30%
- 23. HORMONAL REGULATION OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- 24. ORGANS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- 27. INTERNAL GENITALIA • lies in the pelvic cavity consists of vagina, uterus, uterine tube, ovaries.
- 28. VAGINA • Fibro muscular tube. • lies in the front of the rectum & anus and behind the urinary bladder. About 3 inches long. FUNCTIONS OF VAGINA • Birth passage. • Passage way of sperm • Sexual intercourse.
- 29. UTERUS • Is the pear shaped, hollow muscular, flattened, organ. • Situated in the pelvic cavity between the urinary bladder and the rectum. • length of uterus is about 7.5cm long, 5cm wide, 2.5cm thick weight about 30-40 gm.
- 35. • Parts of Male urethra: (1) The prostatic urethra passes through the prostate. (2) The membranous (intermediate) urethra, the shortest portion, passes through the deep muscles of the perineum. (3) The spongy urethra, the longest portion, passes through the penis.
- 36. STD : Causes
- 37. Tissue Male • Epididymis, Vas deferens : Pseudostratified columnar • Ejaculatory duct : Simple columnar • Bulbouretheral gland: Simple columnar Female • Endometrium : Simple columnar, cilliated • Cervix: Simple columnar • Vagina : Stratified squamous, non – keratinized • Labia majora : Stratified squamous , keratinized
- 38. N. Gonorrhoea Pathogenesis: 1. Pili - Attachment to mucosal surface - Inhibit phagocytic uptake 2. Outer membrane protein - Adherence - IgA protease : Aids in colonization & cellular uptake 3. Invades mucosal surface causes inflammaton
- 39. C. Trachomatis - Obligate intracellular bacterium - Found in cells as metabolicaly active , replicating reticulate bodies - Infective form : Inactive , extracellular elementary body Pathogenesis: - Infection of nonciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells mucosal surface granulomatous response and damage