BASICS OF COUNSELLING
- 1. P LEKHA SRI Asst. Professor DEPT. OF CRIMINOLOGY DRBCCC HINDU COLLEGE
- 2. give advice to (someone). eg. "careers officers should counsel young people in making their career decisions“ give professional help and advice to (someone) to resolve personal or psychological problems. eg. "he was being counselled for depression“ recommend (a course of action). WHAT DO U THINK COUNSELING IS?
- 3. professional guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological methods especially in collecting case history data, using various techniques of the personal interview, and testing interests and aptitudes Eg. career counseling for high schoolers counseling for drug addicts MEANING
- 4. Counselling is a personal or individual process. Counselling is a series of direct contacts with the individual which aims to offer him assistance in changing his attitudes and behaviour. It is always personal. It cannot be performed with a group. professional guidance in resolving personal conflicts and emotional problems.
- 5. According to Shostorm and Brammer (1952), “Counseling is a purposeful reciprocal relationship between two people in which one a trained person, helps the other to change himself or his environment.” According to Wrenn (1951), “Counseling is a dynamic and purposeful relationship between the people in which procedures vary with the nature of the students’ need, but in which there is always mutual participation by the counselor and the student with the focus upon self-classification and self- determination by the students.” DEFINITION
- 6. Counseling is a series of direct contacts with the individual which aims to offer him assistance in changing his attitude & behaviors. - Carl Rogers DEFINITION
- 7. They may help them to deal with personal issues such as loss of a job or a divorce. This can be a very stressful time for anyone. A counsellor can help the person to get back on their feet and feel empowered and stronger than ever. Counselling may help the person to let go of the past and start over without feeling guilty. NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF COUNSELING
- 8. The counsellor may help an addict or alcoholic to give up their drug of choice and their drinking in an effort to lead a normal life. They may help guide the person through the difficult transition of going from addict to functional person in society. Not all addicts or alcoholics are bad, many have had serious issues in getting to where they are at and just need a bit of encouragement and help to make it back up to the top. NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF COUNSELING
- 9. Counsellors will focus on individual treatment as well as group therapy to help others in similar situations. The field of counselling offers up many of great opportunities to help others lead a healthy, happy, and normal life. There are positions from working with children in hospital settings to working in more public settings NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF COUNSELING
- 10. Counselors are trained in helping others to work through the problems. They help people to determine the root cause of. e.g. addiction or behavioral issues and focus on healing. They can guide and direct people through a variety of situations and help them to focus on what really matters. Who Are Counsellors?
- 11. Counsellors also help people determine which career they are interested in and how to plan their education and job search. They walk the person through the required education and studies and the testing process as well as the interview process and landing the job.
- 12. Of course, there are also other issues that counsellors are helpful in such as guidance, employment, and how to deal with such issues as depression or feelings of anxiety. Everyone needs a little bit of help now and again. It doesn’t make a person stupid, bad or dumb or weak to require a counsellor; it is a brave step to resolving problems.
- 13. The practitioner’s personal moral qualities are of the utmost importance to clients. Many of the personal qualities considered important in the provision of services have an ethical or moral component and are therefore considered as virtues or good personal qualities. PERSONAL MORAL QUALITIES OF COUNSELLOR
- 14. WHICH INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING: Empathy: the ability to communicate understanding of another person’s experience from that person’s perspective. Sincerity: a personal commitment to consistency between what is professed and what is done. Integrity: commitment to being moral in dealings with others, personal straightforwardness, honesty and coherence. Resilience: the capacity to work with the client’s concerns without being personally diminished. Respect: showing appropriate esteem to others and their understanding of themselves.
- 15. Humility: the ability to assess accurately and acknowledge one’s own strengths and weaknesses. Competence: the effective deployment of the skills and knowledge needed to do what is required. Fairness: the consistent application of appropriate criteria to inform decisions and actions. Wisdom: possession of sound judgement that informs practice. Courage: the capacity to act in spite of known fears, risks and uncertainty. CONT……
- 16. A systematized body of moral principles that guide or determine the counsellor’s behavior in his relationships to the counselee, to the counselee's relatives, to his referring agency, and to society in general Professional Ethics -> Values that determine the counsellor’s behavior Meaning of Professional Ethics
- 17. The fundamental values of counselling and psychotherapy include a commitment to: Respecting human rights and dignity Protecting the safety of clients Ensuring the integrity of practitioner-client relationships Enhancing the quality of professional knowledge and its application Alleviating personal distress and suffering Fostering a sense of self that is meaningful to the person(s) concerned Increasing personal effectiveness Enhancing the quality of relationships between people Appreciating the variety of human experience and culture Striving for the fair and adequate provision of counselling and psychotherapy services VALUES OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
- 18. 1. Being trustworthy: honouring the trust placed in the practitioner (also referred to as fidelity) Being trustworthy is regarded as fundamental to understanding and resolving ethical issues. Practitioners who adopt this principle: act in accordance with the trust placed in them; strive to ensure that clients’ expectations are ones that have reasonable prospects of being met; honour their agreements and promises; regard confidentiality as an obligation arising from the client’s trust; restrict any disclosure of confidential information about clients to furthering the purposes for which it was originally disclosed. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
- 19. respect for the client’s right to be self-governing This principle emphasises the importance of developing a client’s ability to be self-directing within therapy and all aspects of life. Practitioners who respect their clients’ autonomy: ensure accuracy in any advertising or information given in advance of services offered; seek freely given and adequately informed consent; emphasise the value of voluntary participation in the services being offered; engage in explicit contracting in advance of any commitment by the client; protect privacy; protect confidentiality; normally make any disclosures of confidential information conditional on the consent of the person concerned; and inform the client in advance of foreseeable conflicts of interest or as soon as possible after such conflicts become apparent. The principle of autonomy opposes the manipulation of clients against their will, even for beneficial social ends. 2. Autonomy:
- 20. : a commitment to promoting the client’s well-being The principle of beneficence means acting in the best interests of the client based on professional assessment. It directs attention to working strictly within one’s limits of competence and providing services on the basis of adequate training or experience. Ensuring that the client’s best interests are achieved requires systematic monitoring of practice and outcomes by the best available means. It is considered important that research and systematic reflection inform practice. There is an obligation to use regular and on-going supervision to enhance the quality of the services provided and to commit to updating practice by continuing professional development. An obligation to act in the best interests of a client may become paramount when working with clients whose capacity for autonomy is diminished because of immaturity, lack of understanding, extreme distress, serious disturbance or other significant personal constraints. 3. Beneficence
- 21. a commitment to avoiding harm to the client Non-maleficence involves: avoiding sexual, financial, emotional or any other form of client exploitation; avoiding incompetence or malpractice; not providing services when unfit to do so due to illness, personal circumstances or intoxication. The practitioner has an ethical responsibility to strive to mitigate any harm caused to a client even when the harm is unavoidable or unintended. Holding appropriate insurance may assist in restitution. Practitioners have personal and professional responsibility to challenge, where appropriate, the incompetence or malpractice of others; and to contribute to any investigation and/or adjudication concerning professional practice which falls below that of a reasonably competent practitioner and/or risks bringing discredit upon the profession. 4. Non-maleficence:
- 22. the fair and impartial treatment of all clients and the provision of adequate services The principle of justice requires being just and fair to all clients and respecting their human rights and dignity. It directs attention to considering conscientiously any legal requirements and obligations, and remaining alert to potential conflicts between legal and ethical obligations. Justice in the distribution of services requires the ability to determine impartially the provision of services for clients and the allocation of services between clients. A commitment to fairness requires the ability to appreciate differences between people and to be committed to equality of opportunity, and avoiding discrimination against people or groups contrary to their legitimate personal or social characteristics. Practitioners have a duty to strive to ensure a fair provision of counselling and psychotherapy services, accessible and appropriate to the needs of potential clients. 5. Justice
- 23. fostering the practitioner’s self-knowledge and care for self The principle of self-respect means that the practitioner appropriately applies all the above principles as entitlements for self. This includes seeking counselling or therapy and other opportunities for personal development as required. There is an ethical responsibility to use supervision for appropriate personal and professional support and development, and to seek training and other opportunities for continuing professional development. Guarding against financial liabilities arising from work undertaken usually requires obtaining appropriate insurance. The principle of self-respect encourages active engagement in life-enhancing activities and relationships that are independent of relationships in counselling or psychotherapy. 6.Self-respect: