Baylis5e ch02
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This document summarizes the evolution of international society from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses key concepts like sovereign equality and non-intervention that form the basis of modern international society established by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The document then outlines how international society has globalized over time through decolonization, the end of the Cold War, and increasing challenges from globalization. It concludes by briefly introducing a case study on the Iranian Revolution of 1979.
Baylis5e ch02
- 1. Baylis, Smith & Owens The Globalization of World Politics 5e Chapter 2 The evolution of international society
- 2. What is International Society? • Any association of distinct political communities that accept common rules, values, institutions • Central concept of the “English school” • Originally referred to European state relations
- 3. What is International Society? • Founded on these principles: – Sovereign equality (vs. hierarchical, hegemonial, imperial) – Non-intervention • Three key institutions: – Diplomacy – International law – Balance of power
- 4. Ancient worlds • Lacked emphasis on sovereign equality • Various forms: – Supranational (caliphate, papacy) – Sub- and trans-national mosaic • Still regulated by treaty, diplomacy, and some norms of conduct • Ex: Greece: city-state relations (arbitration, Melian dialogue) • Ex: Ancient China, India, Rome all had distinctive forms of political organization
- 5. Christian and Islamic Order • Medieval Europe’s international society had complex mix: – Supranational, transnational, subnational, national • Catholic Church helped elaborate normative basis of society (canon law, just war) • Islam: community of believers (umma) and treaty law with others
- 6. Emergence of Modern International Society • Key elements: – Domination of Europe by larger states – Protestant Reformation diminished Church authority --> strengthened sovereign equality – Exploration of New World – Attempt to develop ordering mechanisms
- 7. Modern International Society • Codified in Peace of Westphalia (1648) – But: “organized hypocrisy”? (Krasner) • American and French Revolutions + Napoleonic Wars – Emergence of new nations and nationalism – Concert of Europe: joint hegemony • After Second World War: League of Nations – Attempt to be more organized
- 8. Globalization of International Society • UN intended as improved UN, but largely blocked by cold war • Decolonization --> spread of European model of international society • Accelerated by collapse of USSR • Globalization poses challenges for sovereignty-based international society – New forms of community, failing states, American hyperpower, resistance to Western ideas, poverty, environment
- 9. Case Study The Iranian Revolution, 1979
- 10. Case Study The Iranian Revolution, 1979