Be Report Finalize

TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY | SABD | BQS
BUILDING ECONOMICS | QSB60804
1
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
(HONOURS)
MARCH 2018
BUILDING ECONOMICS QSB60804
GROUP ASSIGNMENT: COST PLAN
LECTURERS: Ms. Shirley Chin Ai Ling
Mr. Soon Lam Tatt
STUDENT NAME STUDENT ID
LAU MAO HUA 0320249
LEE KAILYN 0320273
LEE SHZE HWA 0320053
LIEW POH KA 0320424
LIM ZI SHAN 0320372
SANDRABROOKE GOH CHIUNG LANG 0329884

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TABLE OF CONTENT
Item Content Page Number
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to site 3 - 4
1.2 Benchmark Project 5 - 8
1.3 Proposed Building Design 9 - 21
2.0 Cost Appraisal
2.1 Definition of Floor Area 22 - 24
2.2 Summary of Floor Area 28 - 29
2.3 Summary of Cost Plan 30 & Attachment
2.4 Sources of Cost Data 30 & Attachment
3.0 References 31 - 33
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to Site

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Our site is located along Jalan Robson where it is a strategic location offering placid
environment but still within the reach to major attraction and other conveniences. It is a
1.5 acre freehold land that are also surrounded by greeneries where it is able to
provide the nature-like environment. As the site are located at a residential area and
there is a temple nearby, it is possible that there will be a high flow of traffic during
certain days such as Chinese New Year or Tomb Sweeping Day. It is recommended to
take into consideration about the working hours and material transportation as to not
cause any disturbance or inconvenience to the residents nearby our site.
However, it had been mentioned that the slope of our site are more than 26°
gradient, which fall under the category of high risk for landslides. It is advised that the
usage of retaining wall should be taken into account in order to solve this issue.
Besides that, our site are located nearby landmarks such as the Royal Palace with
driving distance of 10 minutes or less, Thean Hou Temple with a four minutes driving
distance, 20 minutes’ drive to KLCC and KL Tower. In case of emergency, there is a
hospital nearby our site which is the Pantai Hospital with a four minutes’ drive. There
are a few educational facilities such as Help University, University of Malaya and Mon’t
Kiara International School. Hotels such as Le Meridian, Hilton KL and Boulevard Hotel
are also within the driving distance of 10 minutes from our site.
Driving a little further to Jalan Syed Putra, in just five minutes Mid Valley Megamall
will be within your sight of range. Driving further down the road you will be able to reach
Bangsar where you can find Bangsar Shopping Centre and Bangsar Village Shopping
Centre. However if you go the opposite way via Jalan Damansara from our site, you
are also able to go to shopping malls such as Publika Shopping Centre, Solaris Mont
Kiara, and Pavillion KL. These shopping malls are within the driving distance of 20
minutes.
As Kuala Lumpur is a crowded area, sometimes it is a hassle to drive your car
around the area due to the heavy traffic and also the lack of parking spaces. So when it
comes to a times like this, it might be convenient to rely on public transportation. In our
site’s case, with a 15 minutes walking from the site, there is a LRT station at Bangsar

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and also a KTM station at Mid Valley Megamall. You can also go for KL Sentral which
is a transportation hub where you can take ERL to airport.
Figure 1.1.1 Site Location
Figure 1.1.2: Isometric View of Building Figure 1.1.3: Front View of Building
1.2 Benchmark Project

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Figure 1.2.1: Benchmark Project
The benchmark project is a high rise luxury residential segment in the Kuala
Lumpur City Centre. It is a project by Hap Seng Land which was launched back then in
2012. This project is a serviced apartment that comprises of 2 block of 22-storey tower
(335 unit) with 3-storey podium for car park, 1 level of public facilities, 1 level of lobby
and 2 level of basement car park. The residence offers 6 types of layout to choose
from, ranging from studio unit to penthouse. The smallest unit has a built-up of 549 sf
while the biggest penthouse unit has a built-up size of 3,552sf.

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This residence is conceptualized as an oasis amidst a city of concrete slab by well-
known architects and landscape designer from Architect 61 Sdn Bhd. The idea of this
design was to enhance the green surrounding while capturing the full essence and
vitality of contemporary modern city living. This residence will be the benchmark of the
modern city living due to the extensively glazed façade, lovely vertical garden and
generous landscaping and extensive facilities and amenities.
This residence is a green building with certification criteria for Malaysia’s Green
Building index, one of the feature is to ensure the sustainable development. However,
the development also offering a rain water harvesting system and, emission-free and
energy efficient tower. Besides, it is located at a strategic location where the Pasar
Rakyat bus stop is just half km away and the nearest monorail station is just 1.2km
away from the residence.
1st Floor Plan
2nd Floor Plan

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3rd Floor Plan
4th Floor Plan

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5th, 7th - 19th Floor Plan
20th - 24th Floor Plan

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1.3 Building Design Proposal
Figure 1.3.1: Proposed Building Design
The high-rise residential building is a Class A building in Class B location. Class A
building defined as a new or newer building less than 10 years old with modern
amenities and fewer maintenance issues. While Class B location can be defined as the
areas have decent restaurants, schools and people.
Generally, the building is a rectangular shape. It comprehends 2 towers which have
a total of 31 levels of service apartment build on seven levels of podium and two levels
of basement. The total GFA for the building is 81,448.22 𝑚2
which 35,909.80 𝑚2
from
basement and podium, 22,864.37 𝑚2
from Tower A and 22,674.05 𝑚2
from Tower B.

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The following table show the floor to floor height for every floor:
Floor Height (m)
Basement 1 & 2 3.30
Ground Floor 7.50
Podium 1-5 3.00
Podium 6 4.20
Podium 7 9.00
Level 8 - 37 3.00
Level 38 4.00
The modern design concept and the luxuries refinement of the building cater with
the modern socialites. The building offers total 404 units from Tower A and Tower B
and it separate into typical units and duplex units. Both Tower A and Tower B will have
total 188 typical units from Level 8 to Level 34 with unit spanning from 652 square feet
to 1,276 square feet. Each unit will design with high quality finishes and complete with
air-conditioning, water heater and free car park. Furthermore, there will be a total 14
duplex units at Level 35th to 36th and Level 37th to 38th with unit spanning from 1,534
square feet to 2,568 square feet. The duplex units structured on 2 level and design with
ducted air-conditioning in living and dining room, hotel-style master bathroom and two
free car parks. The total usable area for Tower A is 16,628.86 𝑚2
and for Tower B is
16,425.89𝑚2
.

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Figure 1.2.1: The facilities will be provided at Podium 7 and Roof Facilities Floors.
Besides, the building also offers large range of facilities for residents to enjoy their
leisure moments with family and to relieve their stress from their busy lifestyle in the
city. The facilities will provide to the residents at Podium 7 which including infinity pool,
sky jacuzzi, gymnasium, mini theater, children playground, yoga deck, Sauna and BBQ
decks. Moreover, a rooftop garden and sky lounge will be constructed at the highest
floor of the building to allow the residents to enjoy the night view of the city.
Figure 1.2.2 Green Facade
The exterior design of podium decorated with green façade. Green façade of the
building creates an eye-catching design and enhance the building profile beautification

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whilst increase the desirability of the building. On another hand, the green façade will
also bring advantages such as improve air quality, increase thermal insulation and
acoustic buffering.
1.3.1 Construction Technology Proposal
1.3.1.1 Bored Piles
Bored piles are commonly used as a foundation in Malaysia especially to support
heavy loaded structures such as high rise buildings and bridges. The purpose of
constructing bored piles as foundation is to take the weight of the building coming on
the site. Normally bored piles have to carry on those tall buildings or massive industrial
complexes, which require foundation which can bear the load of thousands of tons,
most probably in unstable or difficult soil conditions. Bored piles are cast by using
bored piling machine which has specially designed drilling tools, buckets and grabs, it
is used to remove soil and rock. Normally it can be drilling into 50 metres depth of soil.
The reason of constructing bored pile is due to it’s generates less vibration, less
noise and flexibility of sizes to suit different loading conditions and subsoil conditions.
Besides, the piles of various lengths can be extended through any soil types into
suitable bearing material. The piles can be extended to depth below frost penetration,
and seasonal moisture variation. In addition, it has extremely high capacity caissons

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can be obtained by expanding the base of the shaft up to three times the shaft
diameter, thus eliminating construction of caps over multiple pile group. However,
bored piles provide higher capacity with better economic than driven piles. Therefore,
constructing bored piles required large excavation and subsequent backfill are
minimized. There is no disruption to the adjacent soil or structures since the boring is
done on the specific site. As mentioned, there will be no vibrations to disturb the
vertical structures or adjacent piles.
The first construction process of installing bored pile is to set up the location of the
bored pile. After that, use vibrodriver or vibrohamer to insert casing and to ensure the
casing stand vertically while inserting it. Start drilling the soil by using drilling machine.
When finished drilling, use mechanical pump machine to remove slime. Next, use
Koden test to utilizes the principle of ultrasonic wave travel from sensor from the wall to
the drilled hole and reflect to the sensor through bentonite slurry. Koden equipment
consists of two parts such recorder unit and winch unit. Recorder unit controls the
operation and record the test result. On the other hand, the probe sensor down the hole
for ultrasonic reflection by using winch unit. Then, insert steel casing which temporary
casing is used to stabilize the drilled shaft excavation and then removed after or during
placement of fluid concrete.
1.3.1.2 Contiguous Bored Pile Wall
Contiguous bored pile (CBP) wall are commonly used to construct temporary or
permanent retaining wall. This type of retaining wall are formed by constructing a line of

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bored cast-in-place piles which installed at 150mm centres between each pile and form
a gap of which soil can exposed during excavation. While for permanent works
construction, additional reinforced concrete lining is required to resist pulling force from
surrounding soil and long-term groundwater pressures.
CBP wall are suitable for basement construction, underpasses, tunnel portals, slope
stabilization and other underground structures where the site have restricted working
space and require support for the adjacent building. Besides, CBP wall can maximize
the underground space with minimum bulk excavation and provide different wall
thicknesses and capability. It can be designed to carry long term vertical load and
adaptable to complex wall layouts. Furthermore, it can also help to control the ground
movements and ground water ingress. In term of cost, it is cost effective compared to
diaphragm and secant walls whilst provide time saving to the total construction period.
CBP wall is proposed to construct as the permanent retaining wall due to the
sloping site and restricted working space. Also, the installation process generates less
noise which enable to minimize the impact to the adjacent residential areas. Moreover,
it also provides cost and time effective for underground construction.
1.3.3 Aluminium Formwork System

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Aluminium formwork system is a construction technique that forms cast in place
concrete structure of a building. It is a system for managing other construction trades
like steel reinforcement, concrete placement, mechanical and electrical conduits. It is
also able to improve and speed up the construction by restructuring the entire
traditional construction process to enable the communication between the design stage
and construction stage.
Aluminium formwork system forms structure of a building such as walls, slabs,
columns, beams, windows, doors and etc. with the pouring of concrete in single site
based operation in accordance with architect’s design. This enhances efficiency of the
work and able to produce a strong structure. The concreted work have dimensional
accuracy where there will be consistency in door and window fittings. There will be no
need of plastering as well as it provide a high quality of concrete finish.
Aluminium formwork system is suitable for constructing both high and low rise
building. The repetitive nature assembly of this system enables accurate programme
construction order hence cycle times well in advance. This technology is able to
achieve fast and cost effective construction which are the traits that most developers
are looking for. This system can be operated by unskilled labour as well due to the
simplicity of the assembly of this system. Other than that, the largest aluminium
formwork panel has a maximum weight of 25kg which in other words it does not require
hoisting crane to lift it up and can be lifted by a single worker.
The reason we chose to use this system in our proposed building is due to several
factors. One of the main factors is that it is able to save construction cost. As the
panels are generally lightweight, it does not require heavy machineries to assemble it
and it can be easily done by manual manpower. Aluminium formwork system does not
require worker to be skillfully trained and the panels can be put together with just
simple tools like hammer or spanner. It also excludes the needs of plastering as it is
able to produce smooth concrete finishes.
Secondly, this technology is able to reduce wastage. As we wanted to implement
green building concept into our building and unlike timber formwork where plywood can
only be reuse not more than seven times, the aluminium panel in this system can be
reuse over 100 times which means that it produces almost zero wastage. In joint with

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green building concept, aluminium formwork system is capable of achieving the
construction of sustainable building. In order to keep up with consumer’s demand,
aluminium formwork system can shorten the construction period as the casting of
different elements such as walls and slabs can be done simultaneously.
1.3.4 Siphonic Roof Drainage System & Conventional Drainage System
A siphonic roof drainage system is a special design system for every building. It is
commonly used to large commercial, industrial, retail building and residential building.
The system is more efficiency and have lower maintenance cost compared to
conventional drainage system.
A special design roof outlet ensures the rainwater drain off by preventing the entry
of air into the system and allow rainwater fill up the pipe completely. It will cause the
rainwater sucked from the roof down to the drain at high velocity. With the lack of air
and gravity force will cause a higher negative force and create vacuum effects to
accelerate the drainage process efficiently.
Conventional drainage system Siphonic roof Drainage system

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As refer to the figure above, the conventional drainage system requires slope piping
to allow rainwater discharge by gravity force. While the siphonic roof drainage system
require no slope piping as the system use suction force to discharge the rainwater from
the roof throughout the piping system. Therefore, the siphonic roof drainage system
can maximize the use of space of the building and provide flexibility of architectural
design.
Besides, the system also required less roof outlets, smaller pipe dimension, less
piping and fewer connection to the sewage system compared to conventional drainage
system. Hence, the material cost and the installation cost are lower. The high flow
velocity ensures the siphonic roof drainage system is self-cleaning and it allow the
lower maintenance cost.
A conventional drainage system generally consists of a network of collection gutters
connected such as open outlets, to vertical downpipes. It can be designed for large
surface areas but does not cut off air flow into the pipe. This system relies on the
motivation forces of the properties of water and gravity behind their operation. In order
to reach the lowest level possible, the water flows under the force of gravity and
spreading out evenly over whatever surface is supporting it. This happens when
rainwater falls onto a roof and flows in a gutter. In conventional roof drainage, the
outlets are simple “funnels” installed on the roof covering and connected to the
downpipes which are as high as building the water collectors which require a gradient
at least 1%, are dimensioned for a maximum filling factor of 70%. Therefore, it is not
possible to provide the minimum slope necessary when the water collectors are very
long due to the limited space available and the only solution is to increase the size of
the pipes with a subsequent rise in installation costs.

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Figure 1.3.4.1 Conventional Drainage System and flow in a conventional outlet
1.3.5 Green Building Concept
1.3.5.1 LED Lighting System
In order to be consistent with the green building concept of our proposed building,
we decided to adopt LED as our lighting system. LEDs are solid-state semiconductor
devices that produce light. Light that are produced by LED are highly directional due to
the way they are constructed. LEDs that are designated for general lighting use are
expected to produce a suitable level of light output to allow for the replacement of the
existing lighting technologies in use today; incandescent, fluorescent, mercury, metal
halide and high pressure sodium.
There are particularly a few reasons that we prefer to use LED in our building, and
the first reason is because LED light usually uses low amount of power. When
compared with traditional lighting such as fluorescent, incandescent and halogen, LED
light consumes 50% less of electricity and when it comes to spaces that requires long
time of lighting provided, this system is suitable for the long run. LED system also have
longer lifespan compared with conventional lighting system. LED lights are expected to
be able to last around 50,000 hours. With its long operational life, the building will be
able to achieve lower maintenance lighting system as well as saving long run cost.
In terms of design and functionality, LED lights so small that it can have high design
flexibility where it is able to be assembled in such ways to create patterns or colour
required, placed in tiny spaces where traditional lighting could not be adopted, or
maybe even be used in isolation as a small lighting device. LED lights can also be

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integrated with intelligent sensors and controls where the brightness of the light can be
adjusted accordingly. LED lights also produces less UV emission and environmentally
safe because it does not contain mercury which can be found in fluorescent light bulbs.
1.3.5.2 Rainwater Harvesting System
The second part of our green system is the rainwater harvesting system. Rainwater
harvesting system involves collecting rainwater from a building’s roof or any surface
such as permeable pavements and garden lawns. The rainwater collected will the pass
through a filter to filter out the debris or any pollutants and then stored in a tank which
can be placed in underground or side of building. The water collected are not suitable
for drinking but it can be used for toilet flushing, laundry and garden use.
Rainwater harvesting systems offers the reduction of mains water where you only
extract water that are suitable for consuming and bathing from the environment.
Ultimately, the water bills can be reduced when there are less water extracted from the
mains. Another benefit of the rainwater collection system is that there will be less
burden placed upon the drainage system which can reduce the chances of flooding by
directing the overflow into recycling tanks.
1.3.5.3 Green Roof

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Green roofs where vegetation are grown on rooftops that is also a way of make up
for the plants that were destroyed in order to construct the building. Green roofs can
bring good to environmental, social and economic aspects. Green roof can be
categorized into two types which includes extensive and intensive roofs. Intensive
green roof has a bigger range of complex vegetation that requires professional
maintenance and has a purpose that serves as an irrigation system. Intensive green
roofs usually has a medium depth of 6 inches or more and it has a great potential for
design and diversity. However for extensive green roofs, which are more
environmentally oriented, has a medium depth of less than 200mm and it only requires
minimal maintenance. Extensive green roofs usually consist of small grasses, mostly
succulent plants.
Green roofs are capable of reduce the heat flux through the roof and provide natural
insulation for the building which means that it can lead to cost savings as there will be
less energy needed for cooling and heating. The plants of the green roof can removes
air pollutants and at the same time provide oxygen as well. For intensive green roof
where the plants are typically more distinctive and larger compared to the extensives
one, the plants can also provide shades to the occupants. Eventually, with its protection
from the UV rays and extreme temperature, green roofs generally lasts longer than
conventional roofs.

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2.0 Cost Plan
2.1 Definition of Floor Area
The table below shows the definition of each floor area for the calculation of floor
area in this cost plan.
Area Basement Podium Service Apartment
CFA Floor area measured
from the external side
of skin wall to another
external side of skin
wall. CFA exclude
CBP wall area and
external work area
within site boundary.
Floor area measured
from the external side
of external wall to
another external side
of external wall. CFA
includes unenclosed
area on Podium Level
7.
Floor area measured from
the external side of the
external wall to another
external side of the
external wall of the tower
including AC ledge.
GFA Floor area measured
from the internal side
of skin wall to another
internal side of skin
wall. CFA exclude
CBP wall area and
external work area
within site boundary.
Floor area measured
from the internal side
of external wall to
another internal side
of external wall. GFA
includes unenclosed
area on Podium Level
7 but exclude infinity
pool area.
Floor area measured from
the internal side of the
external wall to internal
side of the external wall
excluding lift core area and
AC ledge.
NFA N/A N/A Floor area measured from
the internal side of the unit
itself including entrance
lobby, shoe cabinet, and
AC ledge. NFA also
exclude any circulation
area, ancillary area, and
lift core area on that
particular floor.

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Basement 2: CFA Area
Basement 2: GFA Area

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Ground Floor: CFA Area
Ground Floor: GFA Area

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Podium Level 7: CFA Area
Podium Level 7: GFA Area
Service Apartment : Area Calculation
Level 9 Tower A & Tower B : CFA Area

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Level 9 Tower A & Tower B: GFA Calculation
Level 9 Tower A & Tower B: NFA Calculation

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External work’s area measurement calculation.
External Work Quantity
Roadworks Area in-front of building 134.57 𝑚2
Site Boundary Perimeter 340.86 𝑚
Building Perimeter 291.92 𝑚

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2.2 Summary of Floor Area
2.2.1 Floor Area Calculation
The table below shows the floor area calculation of each floor.
LEVEL
TOWER A (𝑚2
) TOWER B (𝑚2
)
CFA GFA NFA CFA GFA NFA
B2 3,996.44 3,854.40
B1 3,996.52 3,854.40
G 4,044.91 3,881,15
P1 4,082.26 3,933.14
P2 3,876.55 3,563.86
P3 3,916.63 3,864.40
P4 3,904.98 3,692.38
P5 3,352.60 3,252.24
P6 3,348.69 3,140.24
P7 3,187.35 2,873.57
L8 789.23 686.07 521.04 779.41 675.67 510.91
L9 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L10 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L11 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L12 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L13 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L14 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L15 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L16 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L17 789.15 695.56 475.64 788.83 686.38 465.28
L18 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
P19 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71
L20 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71
L21 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71
L22 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71

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L23 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71
L24 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L25 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L26 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L27 789.19 686.23 535.26 777.20 676.46 524.86
L28 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71
L29 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71
L30 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71
L31 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71
L32 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71
L33 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71
L34 804.44 702.44 534.65 797.31 699.12 530.71
L35 820.00 808.00 529.00 820.00 808.00 529.00
L36 828.00 816.00 600.00 828.00 816.00 600.00
L37 820.00 808.00 529.00 820.00 808.00 529.00
L38 828.00 816.00 600.00 828.00 816.00 600.00
FACILITIES 829.16 776.73 0.00 827.40 772.35 0.00
LIFT
MOTOR
119.66 107.74 0.00 119.74 108.23 0.00
2.2.2 Summary of Floor Area
The table below shows the summary of each floor area in particular floor classification.
AREA (𝑚2
) TOTAL Basement Podium Tower A Tower B
CFA 88,935.58 7,992.96 29,713.97 25,745.95 25,482.70
GFA 81,448.82 7,708.82 28,200.98 22,846.37 22,674.05
NFA 33,054.75 N/A N/A 16,628.86 16,425.89

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2.3 Summary of Cost Plan
2.3.1 Cost Plan Breakdown
The table below shows the breakdown of the cost for each building.
Element Cost (RM)
Basement 9,136,650.00
Podium 41,763,450.00
Tower A 56,129,500.00
Tower B 55,607,600.00
External & Ancillary Works 6,545,000.00
Preliminaries 13,534,576.00
Contingencies 8,459,110.00
Total Estimated Construction Cost 191,175,886.00
Cost Escalation 3,823,517.72
Estimated Cost after Escalation 194,999,403.72
2.3.1 Cost Plan Breakdown by Building with Elements
The table below shows the cost breakdown for each building with its element.
Cost (RM) Basement Podium Tower A Tower B
Structure 5,987,000.00 19,904,000.00 20,884,000.00 20,670,000.00
Architecture 605,500.00 13,009,000.00 23,353,200.00 23,148,200.00
M&E Services 2,544,150.00 8,850,450.00 11,892,300.00 11,789,400.00
Total 9,136,650.00 41,763,450.00 56,129,500.00 55,607,600.00
*Details of each element and its specification, kindly refer to attachment.
2.4 Sources of Cost Data
*All cost are taken from benchmark project with necessary adjustment of floor area.
Kindly refer to attachment for more details.

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3.0 REFERENCES
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https://commons.bcit.ca/greenroof/faq/why-green-roofs-benefits/
BSL Scaffolding Limited. (2003). Technology. Retrieved June 22, 2018, from
http://www.bslscaffolding.com/Technology.html#
Bored Pile Retaining Walls. (2009). Retrieved from
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foundations/foundation-techniques/piled-retaining-walls/bored-pile-retaining-walls-
cementation-skanska-data-sheet.pdf
Current By GE. (2010). 8 Advantages of LED Lighting | Current by GE. Retrieved from
https://www.currentbyge.com/ideas/8-advantages-of-led-lighting
Contiguous Pile Walls. (2018). Retrieved from
http://www.bauertech.co.uk/ContiguousPileWalls.html
Conventional System Vs Rainplus - Valsir. Retrieved from
http://www.valsir.it/en/convenzionale-vs-rainplus/prodotti/rainplus/sistema-convenzionale-
vs-rainplus
Dowdey, S. (2007, July 11). What is a Green Roof? Retrieved from
https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/green-rooftop.htm
Foundation Works. (2012). Retrieved from http://civiltech.com.sg/detail-
services/?t=Foundation+Works#Contiguous%20Bored%20Piles%20(CBP)
Facilities/Amenities | RobsonHill Residency. (2016). Retrieved from
http://www.robsonhillresidency.com/facilitiesamenities
Green Roof Technology. (2006). Intensive Green Roof Systems. Retrieved from
http://www.greenrooftechnology.com/intensive-green-roof
Green Roof Technology. (2006). Extensive Green Roof System Design and Consulting.
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