Behaviorism focuses on observable changes in behavior and believes that learning is structured and the teacher plays a large role. It sees learners as passive and advocates for keeping detailed records of child development like a parenting log. B.F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning emphasizes positive and negative reinforcement and punishment to modify behavior through stimuli at fixed or variable ratios. While behaviorism aims to help early childhood learning, critics argue it is too simplistic and ignores cognitive factors.