Best practices
- 2. Case 1: Case: ‘Machizukuri’ - community planning Location: Kobe, Japan Description: Post the Kobe earthquake of 1995, ‘machizukuri’ was adopted as one of the Japanese urban planning techniques. This technique involves the communities to build up their public spaces on their own with the funding from the government. The inner city neighbourhoods in wards like Shingata, Noda-Hokobu etc. were built in this way. This helped the city administrators of Kobe to understand that while large-scale urban planning is used for infrastructure projects and comprehensive interventions, local projects allow for flexibility and rapidity, as well as responsiveness in areas, overlooked by more comprehensive plans. Read more: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09386491.2002.11826881?needAc cess=true Community Street in Noda- Hokubu, where the design of the public space is left to each neighbour Source:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09386491.2002.11826881?need Access=true
- 3. Case 2: Case: Everyday Makers & Neighbourhood Development Corporations Location: The Hague, Netherlands Description: Neighbourhood development corporations succeeded in aligning redevelopment plans according to the resident welfare associations plans. As part of their neighbourhood development & maintenance, a tennis park was built on redeveloped land, a derelict primary school plot was redeveloped to build four residential apartments and three commercial premises. Similar examples of the neighbourhood development yeiled a new set of swimming pools for the community, neighbourhood park, street sweeping operations, and odd jobs services for long term maintenance. This is a good example of how RWAs can influence their ULBs to promote sustainable change for community betterment. Read more: https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930500136899 The Hague, Netherlands Source: https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/corporate/2018/44/the-hague-expands-on-smart-city- ambition
- 4. Case 3: Case: Participatory neighbourhood planning Location: Puducherry Description: This project under Puducherry Smart City Corporation Limited (PSCCL) aimed at improvisation of shared community infrastructure by augmenting social and technological capacity to achieve the goal of a ‘slum-free’ Puducherry. It focusses on empowerment of stakeholders through an innovative and integrated financing mechanism. For this project, partnership has been developed between public bodies and related agencies such as PSCCL, Slum Clearance Board, other government departments; private sector (YES Bank), researchers and experts skilled in participative planning and community engagement in urban areas, from both public and private institutions. Read more: https://citiis.niua.org/sites/default/files/SCM_CiITIIS%20Book_23%20Feb_0.pdf A low income settlement in Puducherry Source: https://citiis.niua.org/sites/default/files/SCM_CiITIIS%20Book_23%20Feb_0.pdf
- 5. Case 4: Case: Participatory Service Delivery Location: Ahmednagar, Maharashtra Description: Altruistic citizens in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra decided to help during the lockdown as part of the Covid-19 response. They developed temporary facilities such as mobile mask sterilization and production of additional masks for free distribution, to act as extended arms of the authorities for speedy service delivery. Later the temporary facilities, based on their effectiveness were formally adopted by public authorities. This is a good example of how public authorities can emulate good services and examples set by citizens. See more: https://youtu.be/kQJdmquUK_A Volunteers pictured giving a demonstration Source: https://youtu.be/kQJdmquUK_A
- 6. Case 5: Case: Citizen Design Science: A strategy for crowd-creative urban design Location: ETH Zurich Description: Using the Qua-kit (a design toolkit) to combine the opportunity of crowdsourcing opinions and thoughts by citizens through modern information and communication technology with active design tools. The active design feedback from a city's inhabitants is identified as a yet missing but essential way towards a responsive city. The easy access is a key factor for citizen science studies. Qua-kit offers the opportunity for designing without any instructions by designers. Design tasks can be formulated in a way that they can be solved within a few minutes for participants. Galleries showing design submissions of other participants allow voting and commenting of proposals and can lead to users reflecting on their own ideas and preferences. Another important factor is the good quality of data that is collected with this tool. The submissions are not photos or real 3D models but geo-data such that geographic evaluation algorithms can easily be applied without doing the stage of image recognition. The tool can be applied to bottom-up interactions, which would mean that citizens decide to build their preferred design solutions and discuss optionally possible variations. See more:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.018 Design Process using Qua-kit Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.018
- 7. Case 6: Case: Participatory Budgeting Location: Pune Description: Participatory Budgeting was launched in Pune in 2006 under the then commissioner of Pune Municipal Corporation. For 76 prabhags in PMC, a total of Rs. 38 crore was allocated through participatory budgeting. Pune Municipal Corporation invites suggestions from citizens at the respective ward offices on subjects related to roads, electricity, buildings to slum improvement and water supply and drainage. Suggestions by the citizens are compiled at the ward office and submitted to prabhag samiti, which in turn sends the approved suggestions for accounts scrutiny to produce a final list of projects to be implemented in PMC region. See more:http://ourpuneourbudget.in/Participatory Budget: Pune (Title Page) Source: https://www.pmc.gov.in/informpdf/budget/1516 %20SC%20Budget%20Book.pdf
- 9. Case 1: Case: Municipal Citizen Councils for city planning Location: Mexico Description: The Citizen Council of Mexico is a collective citizen body for consultation, analysis, participation and supervision in matters of public security and justice. Reviewing of public services is also one of their mandatory tasks. The citizen councils have been formed of local (municipal) officials, representatives of business and professional groups, NGOs, universities and the Catholic Church. These councils have been concerned with the municipality’s urban planning and development. The success of these councils has relied in formulating and implementing long term urban policies that aim to achieve sustainable development. The specific programmes that these councils pursue are related to road networks, hydraulic systems and regeneration. Read more: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326305935_Smart_Society_and_Urba n_Governance/link/5b454b1b458515b4f662819a/download https://latinno.net/en/case/13048/ Some members of the Mexico Citizen Council Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=municipal+citizen+council+with+mexico+people&t bm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjL_dirovzpAhVTjEsFHUH5AbUQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=municipal+c itizen+council+with+mexico+people&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1Df5wJYwZYDYNGYA2gAcAB4 AIABiQKIAcAZkgEGMC4xNC40mAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=img&ei=yHPj Xsv5HtOYrtoPwfKHqAs&bih=578&biw=1280&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN871IN871#imgrc=Tewg 4CckwMaL7M
- 10. Case 2: Case: Greenway Plan Location: Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Description: To be implemented over 50 years starting from 2002, the Greenways Plan aims to establish a human powered transportation network, restore natural habits and provide recreation opportunities in the city of Victoria. The planning process was passed by a resolution by Victoria City Council, and 25 participants from a variety of neighbourhoods associations and stakeholder groups are selected. A Steering Committee was established, and using a grant from another agency, the committee undertook an extensive consultation process including surveying 1600 residents, holding events, mapping booths for mapping exercises, liasoning with RWAs and neighbourhoods association networks, organising university geography students to gather data and hold field trips to gather information from Vancouver and New Westminster. Read more: https://www.victoria.ca/assets/Departments/Communications/Documents/C ivic_Engagment.pdf Stock Image from the report on improving civic engagement in Victoria Source: https://www.victoria.ca/assets/Departments/Communications/Documents/Civi c_Engagment.pdf
- 11. Case 3: Case: Participatory budgeting Location: Brazil Description:The city government of Porto Alegre practices participato ry budgeting. This practice involves neighbourhood, regional and city wi de assemblies in which participants identify priorities of spending. Around 50,000 residents regularly participate in this process. A range of improvements in governance, well being and citizen engagements have been achieved, since the practice was established with an increase f rom 75 to 99% of homes having running water and the number of public schools almost tripling. Read more: https://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/Assessment-of-Parti cipatory-Budgeting-in-Brazil.pdf https://meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Framework_for_Citizen_Engagement_in _NeGP1.0_0.pdf Porto Alegre in Brazil shows how participatory budgeting works Source: http://www.occupy.com/article/rebel-cities-13-porto-alegre-brazil-shows-how-participat ory-budgeting-works#sthash.MKn5TVpj.dpbs
- 12. Case 4: Case: Using Participatory Mapping for Disaster Preparedness Location: Jakarta Description:Data collection through OpenStreetMap tools encourages a community-driven approach to DRM. The OpenStreetMap pilot in Jakarta relied on community participation and stakeholder engagement to collect detailed information about local infrastructure. Through this exercise, the ULB collected risk data for 6,000 buildings and critical infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, places of worship, 2,668 neighborhood boundaries within the Province of Jakarta, and affected areas from past floods. Read more: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/915261493797399464/ pdf/114496-BRI-PILLAR-1-PUBLIC.pdf Source: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/915261493797399464/pdf/114496 -BRI-PILLAR-1-PUBLIC.pdf
- 14. Case 1: Case: Community Economic Development Action Research Location: New Zealand Description: In 2000, in response to the New Zealand government’s initiative to integrate public input into policy-making processes, the New Zealand Department of Labour commenced a three year collaborative project of community economic development involving departmental policy makers, researchers, community development workers and three identified communities (in rural, metropolitan and urban areas) especially with the indigenous Maori tribes. The Community Economic Development Action Research project (CEDAR) spent time on planning, acting, observing and reflecting on the issues of the community. Having established rapport with the community, the team and community members identified issues that were impeding economic development and presented policy recommendations to the Minister of Social Development, and later the Cabinet. The key aspect in this case is that the team “…worked at the pace of the community, did not push time frames ... did not push an agenda … and allowed common issues to emerge of its own accord”. Read more: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Par liamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1112/12rp01 The poster released by the Queensland government for this initiative Source: https://www.newzealand.com/int/maori-culture/
- 15. Case 2: Case: Developing a Knowledge Based Citizen Participation Platform Location: Hamburg, Rome, RBK-London Description: Citizen participation for social innovation and co-creating urban regeneration proposals can be greatly facilitated by innovative IT systems. Such systems can use Open Government Data, visualise urban proposals in 3D models and provide automated feedback on the feasibility of the proposals. Using such a system as a communication platform between citizens and city administrations provides an integrated top-down and bottom-up urban planning and decision-making approach to smart cities. However, generating automated feedback on citizens’ proposals requires modelling domain-specific knowledge i.e., vocabulary and rules, which can be applied on spatial and temporal 3D models. This paper presents the European Commission funded H2020 smarticipate project that aims to achieve the above challenge by applying it on three smart cities: Hamburg, Rome and RBKC-London. Whilst the proposed system architecture indicates various innovative features, a proof of concept of the automated feedback feature for the Hamburg use case ‘planting trees’ is demonstrated. Read more: https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/2/47 Smarticipate Planning Architecture Source: https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/8/2/47
- 16. Toolkits around the world •CiviQ (http://www.civiq.eu/)—It provides visual services that visualise the flow of all stakeholder’s opinions, from submissions, consultation and deliberation process; • COLAB (http://www.colab.re)—Is a citizen-to-government engagement platform for issue reporting and public services evaluation as well as participation in decision-making process •Sticky World (http://info.stickyworld.com/)—Allows people to upload and share different types of contents including multimedia contents e.g., videos, images, pdf, audios to exchange ideas visually with others so that they can add comments, while backend systems also generate participative statistics; •City Life Management —Is an online engagement platform that can help to calculate short- and long-term impact of a planning intervention. For example, a user can place a building object in a 3D model of a site and the platform can generate results such as energy demands, impact on traffic flows, air pollution, etc.; •City Swipe (http://www.dtsmcityswipe.com/)—Provides an intuitive citizen engagement platform to learn about citizens’ preferences and concerns about the city’s urban core through quick questions, which is then used in long-term city plan
- 18. Case 1: Case: Filipino Report Card on pro-poor services Location: Philippines Description:The Filipino Report Card on Pro‐Poor Services assesses the performance of selected government services based on client experience. These services are basic health, elementary education, housing, potable water, and food distribution. The Report Card results t hrow light on the constraints Filipinos face in accessing public service, t heir views about the quality and adequacy of services, and the responsiveness of government officials. They provide valuable insights on the priorities and problems faced by the clients and how the various services may be better tailored to the needs of Filipinos in general, and t he poor in particular. Similarly, the Check my School project uses internet and ICT technology to monitor education services Read more: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/14022 https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/02/06/check-my-school-monitorin g-made-easy-with-dedicated-volunteers-and-ict-tools Please embed: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/02/06/check-my-sc hool-monitoring-made-easy-with-dedicated-volunteers-and-ict-tools
- 19. Case 2: Case: ICT 4 Social Accountability Location: Nigeria Description: Developed by the World Bank, ICT for Social Accountability project was an initiative to strengthen their own accountability to their beneficiaries by collecting citizen feedback on their experiences with public services, working with service providers to adapt services and institutional procedures in response to citizen input. ICT4SA resulted in the development of My Voice, a public service improvement model driven by citizen voice. My Voice was first piloted in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, from July to September 2014. Over a nine-week period, My Voice enabled among citizens, service providers, and policymakers around quality of primary healthcare services. Citizen feedback from the pilot led to changes in operational practices in local health facilities and informed larger program design and investment decisions. Read more: https://reboot.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Enabling-Citizen -Driven-Improvement-of-Public-Services_2015.pdf Title Page Source: https://reboot.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Enabling-Citizen- Driven-Improvement-of-Public-Services_2015.pdf
- 20. Case 3: Case: Designated Service Centers Location: Cambodia Description: The One Window Service Offices (OWSO) support local government to better meet citizens' needs thereby ensuring feedback and dialogue with district authorities. The project involves the use of social accountability tools, media, and capacity building activities to promote access to public information while strengthening partnerships between the public service and citizens. Read more: https://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/citizen-engagement-in-development-projects http://164.115.28.46/nrctejournal/file_upload/digital_file/122_4ea86.pdf Inauguration of One Window Service Offices at the district level in Cambodia Source: http://giz-cambodia.com/inauguration-of-one-window-service-offices-at-district-level- in-kampong-speu-province/
- 21. Case 5: Case: Citizen Report Card Location: Bangalore Description: The Citizens’ Report Card in Bangalore was a civil society initiative undertaken in 1993 to monitor government services in terms of efficiency and accountability. The exercise gathered citizen feedback on performance of public agencies and disseminated the findings to the citizenry, thus exerting public pressure on the agencies to initiate reforms. A seven‐point rating scale facilitated quantification of citizen satisfaction levels with regard to service delivery, dimensions of corruption, staff behaviour, and so forth. The report card exercise was repeated in 1999 & 2003, to provide a comparative assessment of the progress since 1993. Read more: https://citiis.niua.org/sites/default/files/SCM_CiITIIS%20Book_23%20Feb_0.pdf The third round of the Citizen Report Card in 2003 Source: https://www.slideserve.com/niel/third-citizen-report-card PLEASE UPLOAD THIS VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgiIeIhBlEE
- 22. Case 6: Case: Maternal Health Project Location: Karnataka Description: The Karnataka Maternal Health project allowed the bank staff to get important health metrics and citizen feedback in real time from illiterate pregnant mothers via a hand held device. This data was then centralized in an integrated dashboard which can alert staff when services are not being delivered to avoid failure, and manage risks. Read more: https://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/citizen-engagement-in-development-projects Volunteers distributing food to the sample population after a survey Source: https://www.sabrangindia.in/article/how-karnataka-improving-childrens-health-f ocusing-mothers
- 23. INFORMATION SHARING AND AWARENESS GENERATION
- 24. Case 1: Case: Electronic Public Records (OEP) Location: Norway Description: An electronic public record database for the civil service (OEP) was launched. This was the first of its kind in the world. Through this all citizens could get access to the documents of the central civil service. On th eOEP it is now possible to access the public records database and make searches in the public journals. All documents sent from ministries, directorates and state agencies are journaled in public files. The agency for Public Management and eGovernment carries the management responsibility for the service. The Ministr y of Government Administration and Reform has been responsible for the development of the OEP Read more: https://www.opengovpartnership.org/members/norway/commitments/NO0039/ Screenshot of the Electronic Public Records Source: file:///C:/Users/91851/Downloads/Wellington%20Conference_23.%20Working%20Se ssion%20E_Arne%20Fliflet%20Slides.pdf
- 25. Case 2: Case: ‘Toward Q2’ Location: Queensland, Australia Description: The Queensland Government had framed its 2020 vision for Queensland called Toward Q2 around five ambitions (Strong Smart, Fair, Green and Healthy) that address current and future challenges. Toward Q2 was supported by MyQ2. MyQ2 used social media to build citizen engagement, which met the needs of government. In addition to the traditional form of participation in policy development, the government has established a wide range of unique mechanisms and tools at the state and local level, empowering citizens and communities to be more directly involved in government policies and processes. Read more: https://www.cabinet.qld.gov.au/documents/2008/Sep/toward%20q2/attach ments/Towards%20Q2_%20Tomorrows%20Queensland.pdf The poster released by the Queensland government for this initiative Source: https://wildlife.org.au/toward-q2-tomorrows-queensland/
- 27. Case 1: Case: Customer Service Response Program Location: Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Description: In 2004, as part of an initiative to improve customer service, the Engineering Department of the local Victoria city corporation created the Customer Service Response Program to find out how its projects were impacting neighbourhoods. 5 neighbourhoods were assessed through surveys and citizens were asked to provide feedback on engineering department projects. Citizens were asked about their awareness of project scope, information and benefits of projects; interactions with ULB staff and logistical issues regarding signage, access, parking, traffic and cleanliness. Response rates ranged from 15 – 48%, and many recommendations were implemented into future projects. For instance one example is that of project team coordination which ensures that there is a designated staff person to oversee the project from start to finish Read more: https://www.victoria.ca/assets/Departments/Communications/Documents/C ivic_Engagment.pdf Stock Image from the report on improving civic engagement in Victoria Source: https://www.victoria.ca/assets/Departments/Communications/Documents/Civi c_Engagment.pdf
- 28. Case 2: Case: ‘Suvidha’ Camp Location: New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) Description: The ’Suvidha’ Camp is a bi-monthly meeting held on Saturdays at the Palika Kendra aiming to provide information, facilitation and grievances redressal for the benefit of its residents and services users. Officials of different departments in NDMC are present with the citizens to resolve complaints related to various services. Read more: https://www.ndmc.gov.in/services/Suvidha_Camp.aspx http://www.millenniumpost.in/delhi/ndmc-holds-suvidha-camp-385559?infinitesc roll=1 Poster of the ‘Suvidha’ camp at the NDMC Palika Kendra Source: Team Involve
- 30. Case 1: Case: ‘e-Sampark’ Centers Location: Chandigarh Description: ’e-Sampark’ centers bring together the services of all the departments under one single umbrella and give citizens of Chandigarh a "multi-service" - "single-window" experience by eradicating the undue harassment met by the citizens due to lack of transparency in government services. Functions like applying for birth & death certificates, appointment in government hospitals, passport applications, payment of utility bills, taxes, and issuance of senior citizen & disability cards --- are provided in these centers Read more: http://sampark.chd.nic.in/Epayment/index.aspx An ‘e-Sampark’ centre in Chandigarh Source: Team Involve PLEASE UPLOAD THIS VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=UpLLqwx85g4&feature=emb_title
- 31. Case 2: Case: Citizen Centered Governance & Response Management Location: Boston, United States of America Description: A group of six different projects under the movement of New Urban Mechanics lead to the creation of the concept of ‘learning city’. Through projects such as Citizens Connect, City Worker, Street Cred, and others the innovation of New Urban Mechanics has been to re-embed the learning capacity into local government. These various projects have used multiple platforms and toolkits such as a mobile app for field workers in the Department of Public Works (City Worker), a smartphone app for citizens (Citizen Connect), among others, to fully utilise the potential for citizen response management. Through a process of deep level engagement with the Mayor’s office and with administrative backing of the ULB, these projects on citizen response management were mainstreamed in the city and incorporated in the city budget and corporation offices. They key takeaway from this movement has been the role of innovation and personalization of services from the Mayor’s office. Read more: https://datasmart.ash.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/2018-01/Citizen-Centered_Governance_-_New_ Urban_Mechanics_and_the_Evolution_of_CRM_in_Boston%2C_Jul._30%2C_2013.pdf Boston Area Research Initiative, “Seeing’ Neighborhoods Through Citizen Calls in Boston” Source: http://worldmap.Harvard.edu/maps/boston-crm