Biodiversity concepts, levels and values
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The document discusses the concept of biodiversity, defining it as the variability among living organisms across all ecosystems, which includes diversity within species and ecosystems. It highlights the importance of biodiversity for ecological, genetic, and social values, noting the vast number of unknown species and the significant challenges facing food security and environmental health due to various global factors. The document also categorizes biodiversity's value into biological resources, environmental services, and cultural and aesthetic values.
Biodiversity concepts, levels and values
- 1. Biodiversity Concepts, Levels & Values w w w . f r e e p p t b a c k g r o u n d s . n e t Dr. T. Annie Sheron Asst. Professor of Botany Kakatiya Govt. College, Hanamkonda, TS
- 2. "Biological diversity" means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
- 3. “Biodiversity is the sum total of all life on Earth.” The variety and variability, among living organisms is known as “ Bio diversity”. Bio diversity makes the world a more beautiful and exciting place to live.
- 4. → More than 99 percent of all organisms that have ever lived on Earth are extinct. → Earth’s current species range from 2 million to 1012 , of which about 1.74 million have been databased so far and over 80 % have not yet been described. → Not evenly distributed around the world
- 5. Group Estimated sps No of Known sps. % of known sps Algae 2 lakhs 40,000 10.0 Fungi 10 lakhs 70,000 7.0 Viruses 5 lakhs 5000 1.0 Bacteria 4 lakhs 4000 1.0 Plants 3 lakhs 2.66 lakhs 83.3 Protozoans 2 lakhs 40,000 10.0 Molluscs 2lakhs 70,000 35.0 Crustaceans 1.5 lakhs 40,000 26.7 Vertibrates 50,000 45,000 90.0 World total 1.25 crores 17 lakhs 13.6 Status of unknown : 86.4% Status of Global Biodiversity
- 6. Dr. Thomas Lovejoy Edward Osborne Wilson
- 7. Whittaker (1972) Diversity within a particular area or ecosystem, and is usually expressed by the number of species Species diversity between the ecosystems Measure of the overall number of species within a region
- 8. Forest Habitat Dry land habitat 1 Sparrow x x 2 Vulture x 3 Hornbill x 4 Thrush x 5 Peacock x 6 Myna x x 7 Owl x 8 Myna x x 9 Oriole x 10 Crow x 9 4 Beta diversity is the variation of the species composition between two habitats or regions. It takes into account the alpha diversity of the habitats and the number of unique species on each habitat
- 9. Ecological Diversity Species Diversity Genetic Diversity
- 10. Genetic Diversity variation in genetic information between species as well as the variations between individuals of the same species
- 11. Species Diversity Variety of species within a habitat or a region. Assessed in terms of the number of species or the range of different types of species an area.
- 12. Ecological Diversity Variety of ecosystems in an area
- 14. Based on the benefits it provided to the mankind the value of biodiversity is considered in three groups: Provision of Biological resources & Environmental Value Social, Cultural and Aesthetic values
- 15. I. Provision of Biological resources → Global Food Security → Medicinal Resources →Gene Resources
- 16. Food Security
- 17. 80,000 of 3,50,000 angiospermic sps. posses food value 12 plants and 5 animal species provide 75% of the world’s food. 15-20% of all animal proteins come from aquatic animals Food security faces significant challenges due to population growth, poverty, globalization, climate change, and other factors
- 19. Source of Genes
- 20. II. Environmental Value Supporting Services → Soil formation & protection → Nutrient cycling → Primary production Regulating Services → Water regulation → Climate regulation → Disease regulation → Water purification → Pollination
- 21. Soil formation , Protection & Waste Management
- 22. Production of oxygen by land based plants and marine algae Primary production
- 23. Nutrient storage and recycling Regulation & Protection of water resources Maintenance of ecosystems
- 24. Contribution to climate stability Pollution breakdown & absorption
- 26. Cultural, Social & Ethical Values