Bioethical Issue-EUTHANASIA
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The document discusses euthanasia, defined as the practice of intentionally ending a life to alleviate suffering, and explores its historical context, legal status, and religious perspectives. It outlines various types of euthanasia, including active, passive, voluntary, and assisted suicide, while also mentioning specific cases, such as Gloria Taylor's fight for the right to die. Additionally, it highlights legal aspects, noting that euthanasia is permitted under strict conditions in certain countries, and presents differing views among various religions on the moral implications of euthanasia.
Bioethical Issue-EUTHANASIA
- 2. Euthanasia I. Introduction. II. History. III. Laws . IV. Religions V. Cases VI. Conclusion. 2
- 3. Introduction:- i. Euthanasia comes from the Greek words: Eu (good) and Thanatosis (death) and it means "Good Death, "Gentle and Easy Death." ii. This word has come to be used for "mercy killing. iii. It is the act or practice of ending a life of a person either by a lethal injection or suspension of medical treatment. iv.The word "euthanasia" was first used in a medical context by Francis Bacon in the 17th century, to refer to an easy, painless, happy death, during which it was a "physician's responsibility to alleviate the 'physical sufferings' of the body. 3
- 4. Types of Euthanasia I. Passive II. Active III. Voluntary IV.Involuntary V. Assisted VI.Indirect 4
- 5. Active Euthanasia It is when death is brought by an act for example taking a high dose of drugs – To end a person’s life by the use of drugs, either by oneself or by the aid of a physician. Passive euthanasia: -When death is brought by an omission eg: When someone lets the person die, this can be done by withdrawing or withholding treatment. Withdrawing treatment: For example switching off a machine that keeps the person alive. Withholding treatment: For example not carrying out a surgery that will extend life of the patient for a short time. 5
- 6. Voluntary euthanasia is committed with the willing or autonomous cooperation of the subject. This means that the subject is free from direct or indirect pressure from others. Non voluntary euthanasia occurs when the patient is unconscious or unable to make a meaningful choice between living and dying, and an appropriate person takes that decision for him/her. This is usually called murder, but it is possible to imagine cases where the killing would count as a favor for the patient. 6
- 7. •Assisted suicide: ֍ This usually refers to cases where the persons who are going to die need help to kill themselves and ask for it. ֍ It may be something as simple as getting drugs for the person, and putting those drugs within their reach. 7
- 8. INDIRECT EUTHANASIA:- This means providing treatments - mainly to reduce pain- that has a side effect of shortening the patient’s life. - Since the primary intent wasn’t to kill, it is morally accepted by some people. 8
- 9. HISTORY It is believed that euthanasia started in ancient Greece and Rome around the fifth century B.C. – I. Some did this by abortions, and every now and then performed a mercy killing. II. Even though doctors were supposed to follow the Hippocratic Oath: “I will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any such counsel”. III. 1478-1535: Sir Thomas More is often quoted as being the first prominent Christian to recommend euthanasia in his book Utopia, where the Utopian priests encourage euthanasia when a patient was terminally ill and suffering pain. IV. 2008: U.S. state of Washington legalizes assisted suicide. 9
- 10. LAWS In Europe, Euthanasia is only legal in the Netherlands and Belgium, provided certain conditions are met. • For example, the patient’s request must be voluntary and well considered; the patient must be suffering unbearable physical or mental suffering, with no prospect of relief. • In Belgium euthanasia is only allowed if the patient is an adult. • However, in the Netherlands euthanasia is allowed for children aged between 12 and 16 years of age, with the consent of their parents/guardians and for individuals aged 16 years and over. In Japan : Only " passive " euthanasia is permitted for patients who have been in a Coma for more than 3 months. 10
- 11. Religion • Those in favor of euthanasia argue that a civilized society should allow people to die in dignity and without pain. They add that as suicide is not a crime, euthanasia should not be a crime. • Most religions disapprove of euthanasia for a number of reasons: • 1- God has forbidden it ( that says 'you must not kill'). • 2- Human life is sacred. • 3- human beings are made in God's image. • 4- God gives people life, so only God has the right to take it away. 11
- 12. Cases • 1-Gloria Taylor: (1948 - October 4, 2012) • Taylor was a postal worker, residential care worker, motorbike enthusiast and health advocate. • She was born and raised in Castlegar, British Columbia, Canada. • • Taylor began to experience the early symptoms of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease in 2003. • Gloria filed an application with The Supreme Court Of British Columbia to be added as a plaintiff in the BC Civil Liberties'’ Association (BCCLA) death with dignity lawsuit. 12
- 13. • The BCCLA had filed the lawsuit in April 2011 to challenge the laws that make it a criminal offense to assist seriously incurably ill individuals to die with dignity. • Gloria Taylor, told reporters in Vancouver she doesn't want to die, but she also doesn't want to die an agonizing and horrible death. She also says she's fighting so that all the people of Canada will have the choice in the way they want to die. 13
- 14. On October 4, 2012, Taylor died as a result of a severe infection resulting from a perforated colon. • Due to the acute nature and brief course of her illness from the infection, Taylor did not need to seek the assistance of a physician to end her life. • In the end, Gloria’s death was quick and peaceful. Taylor died in hospital, with her mother and a close friend by her side. 14
- 15. Conclusion Summary of the presentation: -Definition of euthanasia: It is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. • -Rules of euthanasia: It's not possible to regulate euthanasia – • Religions: Islam-Christianity-Judaism –Shinto and Buddhism. Against Euthanasia • Euthanasia in Egypt Is forbidden on humans but applied on "Street Dogs. 15
- 16. REFERENCES • https://online.csp.edu/uncategorized/bioethical-issues-in- health-care-management • http://www.bioethics.org.au/Resources/Resource%20Topi cs/Healthcare.html • https://medicalfuturist.com/bioethical-issues • http://www.bioethics.org.au/Resources/Resource%20Topi cs/Euthanasia.html • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15732427 16
- 17. End: Do you have any questions related to the presentation? • • Thank You… 17