Bioinformatics Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences
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The document provides an overview of bioinformatics analysis of nucleotide sequences, detailing the history of DNA sequencing and its technological advancements. It explains the use of databases like NCBI and BOLD for biological data acquisition and analysis, alongside a procedural guide for performing nucleotide sequence analysis. Finally, the document outlines steps for creating consensus sequences and obtaining relevant species information from these databases.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences
- 1. BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES Members: • Avellaneda Vergara Adrian Gustavo • Yarasca Cerna Withney Aracely • Zegarra Aguinaga Janeth Alexandra • Farfan Hernandez Kevin Jhonny • Graham Angeles Laura Andrea
- 2. INTRODUCTION • DNA sequencing is a technique that provides a detailed analysis of the structure of DNA and consists of a set of techniques and biochemical methods that allow us to determine the sequence of nucleotides (A, C, G, and T) analysis is DNA. • In the mid-1970s happened a revolution in technology for identifying DNA sequence. In 1977 was published the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral genome (φ X174, 5375 nucleotides long). This milestone in molecular biology occurred in the laboratory of Frederick Sanger, who identified the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide (insulin) 25 years earlier. • Bioinformatics is the application of computer technology to information in molecular biology, encompassing aspects of the acquisition, processing, distribution, analysis, interpretation and integration of biological information. There are several databases that organize information and they are often used, which are presented in the following bioinformatics centers: GenBank (NCBI) and BOLD Systems
- 3. • The NCBI database (established in 1988) has a public database, with three components. Creating databases (store biological data), development of algorithms and statistics to determine relationships between databases, and use these tools to analyze and interpret various types of biological data (sequences of DNA, RNA, protein, protein structure, gene expression, biochemical pathways) • The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) is an informatics workbench aiding the acquisition, storage, analysis, and publication of DNA barcode records. By assembling molecular, morphological, and distributional data, it bridges a traditional bioinformatics chasm. BOLD is freely available to any researcher with interests in DNA barcoding. By providing specialized services, it aids the assembly of records that meet the standards needed to gain BARCODE designation in the global sequence databases. Because of its web-based delivery and flexible data security model, it is also well positioned to support projects that involve broad research alliances.
- 5. To do the analysis of nucleotides we must follow many steps. STEP 1
- 7. STEP 2 Then we have to go to Edit > reverse + complement
- 9. STEP 3
- 11. STEP 4
- 13. STEP 5 • We still in the same sequence, but we are modifying other parts.
- 15. STEP 6
- 17. STEP 7
- 19. STEP 8
- 21. STEP 9
- 23. STEP 10 • After saved all our sequences in the notepad we have to go to BioEdit program.
- 25. STEP 11
- 27. STEP 12
- 29. STEP 13 • Then we must create the consensus sequence, so we go to the option aligment
- 31. STEP 14 • We get the consensus sequence and the differtens between some nucleotides
- 33. STEP 15
- 35. STEP 16 • Finally we have all the step to do the research of our specie in the different data bases that exist (NCBI & BOLDsystem)
- 37. STEP 17
- 39. STEP 18
- 41. STEP 19 • Then we have our result…
- 43. STEP 20 • Whit this information we find out which kind of living beings is.
- 45. STEP 21 • Here we have all the possibilities for our specie.
- 47. STEP 22
- 49. STEP 23 • After foud all the information about our specie we must go to BOLDsystem to get detailed information
- 51. STEP 24
- 53. STEP 25
- 55. STEP 26
- 57. STEP 27 Then we select, in this case 20, differet sequences that are similar with our consensu sequence. We can see the similarity in the ítem IDENT that is in red.
- 59. STEP 28
- 61. STEP 29 • Then we go to NotePad
- 63. STEP 30
- 65. STEP 31 Then open the BioEdit program with the other nucleotides sequences
- 67. STEP 32
- 69. STEP 33
- 71. STEP 34
- 73. STEP 35
- 75. STEP 36
- 77. STEP 37
- 79. STEP 38
- 81. STEP 39
- 83. STEP 40
- 85. STEP 41
- 87. STEP 42
- 89. STEP 43
- 91. STEP 44
- 93. STEP 45
- 95. STEP 46
- 97. STEP 47
- 99. STEP 48
- 101. STEP 49
- 103. STEP 50
- 105. • The Analysis of result and the conclusions are in the other file because is too long.