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Bird Diversity Modeling Using
         Geostatistics and GIS
                                    12th AGILE International
                                   Conference on Geographic
                                         Information Science


                             Abdulhakim Abdi & Anand Nandipati




Erasmus Mundus Master’s Programme in Geospatial Technologies
 Universidade Nova de Lisboa | Universität Münster | Universitat Jaume I
Introduction: Biodiversity Conservation


        The 2002 Rio de Janeiro World Summit on
        Sustainable Development set a goal to reduce the
        rate loss of biodoversity by 2010

        Birds occupy a variety of habitats, many of them
        created and/or altered by humans

        General overall health of the environment and of
        key habitat types


June 1, 2009                                               2
Introduction: Motivation

               Europe’s farmland birds have declined by
               almost 50% in the past 25 years

               Trend caused by EU-wide agricultural
               intensification being driven by a policy in need
               of urgent reform.

               The need to identify key areas for conservation



June 1, 2009                                                      3
Introduction: Motivation




June 1, 2009                4
Introduction: Motivation




June 1, 2009                5
Introduction: Motivation




       Donald P F, Green R E & Heath M F (2001) Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe’s farmland bird
       populations. Proceedings of the Royal Society 268, 25-29.

June 1, 2009                                                                                                              6
Study Rationale

               Geostatistical Interpolation of
                      Avian Diversity

                           +
                  Land Cover Information
                                                 GISys




     Characterization of Important Habitats

     Assignment of Conservation Priorities
June 1, 2009                                             7
Data

   Data provided by Sociedade Portuguesa para
   o Estudo das Aves

               - Scanned topography maps
               - Point counts in excel

   CORINE Land Cover Classes of the European
   Environmental Agency



June 1, 2009                                    8
Study Area




June 1, 2009   9
Study Area: Location of Bird Counts



First/Migration Visit: April 15th, 2007

Second/Breeding Visit: May 18th, 2007




June 1, 2009                              10
Georeferencing
                                        Images


                        Data        Digitize Points
                    Preprocessing

                                    DBFs, Common
                                       Headers


                                    Variography &
      Methodology        EDA
                                    Model Fitting


                                    Ordinary Kriging
                       Spatial
                    Interpolation
                                          IDW

                                    Extract Habitat
                     Spatial Join
                                     Data from LC

June 1, 2009                                           11
Methodology: Original Data




June 1, 2009                  12
Methodology: Topography Maps




June 1, 2009                    13
Methodology: Preprocessing




               Provided location data   Digitized location data
June 1, 2009                                                      14
Methodology: Exploratory Data Analysis


                                          Migration
                                          Visit




   Breeding
       Visit

June 1, 2009                                          15
Methodology: Exploratory Data Analysis
                  Migration Visit
                  # of Lags = 10
               Lag Distance = 2231m
               Nugget Value = 6.10
                   Sill = 10.272
                 Range = 6780.29



                   Breeding Visit
                    # of Lags = 10
                Lag Distance= 2231m
                 Nugget Value= 3.63
                      Sill = 9.69
                  Range = 7625.34
June 1, 2009                              16
Methodology: Spatial Interpolation
                    Ordinary Kriging
                Migration Visit        Breeding Visit




June 1, 2009                                            17
Methodology: Spatial Interpolation
               Inverse Distance Weighting

               Migration Visit              Breeding Visit




June 1, 2009                                                 18
Methodology: Spatial Interpolation


         Increase/Decrease in
         the number of species
         during the migration
         visit: April 15th, 2007




June 1, 2009                          19
Methodology: Spatial Interpolation


         Increase/Decrease in
         the number of species
         during the breeding
         visit: May 18th, 2007




June 1, 2009                          20
Methodology: Land Cover Information




June 1, 2009     European Environmental Agency   21
What was the outcome?




June 1, 2009                           22
Results: Inverse Distance Weighting

               Migration Visit         Breeding Visit




June 1, 2009                                            23
Results: Ordinary Kriging
               Migration Visit   Breeding Visit




June 1, 2009                                      24
Results: Error Calculation

                           Inverse Distance Weighting
               Migration Visit                 Breeding Visit




June 1, 2009                                                    25
Results: Error Calculation
                                 Ordinary Kriging
               Migration Visit                      Breeding Visit




June 1, 2009                                                         26
Results: Prediction Standard Error Map

                    Migration Visit       Breeding Visit




June 1, 2009                                        27
Conclusion
                      Favored Habitats for Migratory Species
                          CLC_Code                       LABEL
                          322                            Moors and heathland
                          324                            Transitional wood-shrub
                          212                            Permanently irrigated land

                         Favored Habitats for Breeding Species
                          CLC_Code                       LABEL
                          323                            Sclerophyllous vegetation
                          321                            Natural grasslands
                          313                            Mixed forest
                          311                            Broad-leaved forest
                          242                            Complex cultivation
               Moreira, F., Ferreira, P.G., Rego, F.C., & Bunting, S., 2001. Landscape changes and breeding bird assemblages in
                                      northwestern Portugal: the role of fire. Landscape Ecology, 175-187.
June 1, 2009                                                                                                                      28
Acknowledgements

         Prof. Doutor Marco Painho, Prof. Doutor Pedro Cabral and
         Profa Ana Cristina Costa of Instituto Superior de Estatística
         e Gestão de Informação, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
          Ana Meirinho of Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das
          Aves

               This work was supported by the European Commission,
                      Erasmus Mundus Programme,
               M.Sc. in Geospatial Technologies, project no.2007-0064



June 1, 2009                                                             29
Thank you for your attention




June 1, 2009                              30

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Bird Diversity Modeling Using Geostatistics and GIS

  • 1. Bird Diversity Modeling Using Geostatistics and GIS 12th AGILE International Conference on Geographic Information Science Abdulhakim Abdi & Anand Nandipati Erasmus Mundus Master’s Programme in Geospatial Technologies Universidade Nova de Lisboa | Universität Münster | Universitat Jaume I
  • 2. Introduction: Biodiversity Conservation The 2002 Rio de Janeiro World Summit on Sustainable Development set a goal to reduce the rate loss of biodoversity by 2010 Birds occupy a variety of habitats, many of them created and/or altered by humans General overall health of the environment and of key habitat types June 1, 2009 2
  • 3. Introduction: Motivation Europe’s farmland birds have declined by almost 50% in the past 25 years Trend caused by EU-wide agricultural intensification being driven by a policy in need of urgent reform. The need to identify key areas for conservation June 1, 2009 3
  • 6. Introduction: Motivation Donald P F, Green R E & Heath M F (2001) Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe’s farmland bird populations. Proceedings of the Royal Society 268, 25-29. June 1, 2009 6
  • 7. Study Rationale Geostatistical Interpolation of Avian Diversity + Land Cover Information GISys Characterization of Important Habitats Assignment of Conservation Priorities June 1, 2009 7
  • 8. Data Data provided by Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves - Scanned topography maps - Point counts in excel CORINE Land Cover Classes of the European Environmental Agency June 1, 2009 8
  • 10. Study Area: Location of Bird Counts First/Migration Visit: April 15th, 2007 Second/Breeding Visit: May 18th, 2007 June 1, 2009 10
  • 11. Georeferencing Images Data Digitize Points Preprocessing DBFs, Common Headers Variography & Methodology EDA Model Fitting Ordinary Kriging Spatial Interpolation IDW Extract Habitat Spatial Join Data from LC June 1, 2009 11
  • 14. Methodology: Preprocessing Provided location data Digitized location data June 1, 2009 14
  • 15. Methodology: Exploratory Data Analysis Migration Visit Breeding Visit June 1, 2009 15
  • 16. Methodology: Exploratory Data Analysis Migration Visit # of Lags = 10 Lag Distance = 2231m Nugget Value = 6.10 Sill = 10.272 Range = 6780.29 Breeding Visit # of Lags = 10 Lag Distance= 2231m Nugget Value= 3.63 Sill = 9.69 Range = 7625.34 June 1, 2009 16
  • 17. Methodology: Spatial Interpolation Ordinary Kriging Migration Visit Breeding Visit June 1, 2009 17
  • 18. Methodology: Spatial Interpolation Inverse Distance Weighting Migration Visit Breeding Visit June 1, 2009 18
  • 19. Methodology: Spatial Interpolation Increase/Decrease in the number of species during the migration visit: April 15th, 2007 June 1, 2009 19
  • 20. Methodology: Spatial Interpolation Increase/Decrease in the number of species during the breeding visit: May 18th, 2007 June 1, 2009 20
  • 21. Methodology: Land Cover Information June 1, 2009 European Environmental Agency 21
  • 22. What was the outcome? June 1, 2009 22
  • 23. Results: Inverse Distance Weighting Migration Visit Breeding Visit June 1, 2009 23
  • 24. Results: Ordinary Kriging Migration Visit Breeding Visit June 1, 2009 24
  • 25. Results: Error Calculation Inverse Distance Weighting Migration Visit Breeding Visit June 1, 2009 25
  • 26. Results: Error Calculation Ordinary Kriging Migration Visit Breeding Visit June 1, 2009 26
  • 27. Results: Prediction Standard Error Map Migration Visit Breeding Visit June 1, 2009 27
  • 28. Conclusion Favored Habitats for Migratory Species CLC_Code LABEL 322 Moors and heathland 324 Transitional wood-shrub 212 Permanently irrigated land Favored Habitats for Breeding Species CLC_Code LABEL 323 Sclerophyllous vegetation 321 Natural grasslands 313 Mixed forest 311 Broad-leaved forest 242 Complex cultivation Moreira, F., Ferreira, P.G., Rego, F.C., & Bunting, S., 2001. Landscape changes and breeding bird assemblages in northwestern Portugal: the role of fire. Landscape Ecology, 175-187. June 1, 2009 28
  • 29. Acknowledgements Prof. Doutor Marco Painho, Prof. Doutor Pedro Cabral and Profa Ana Cristina Costa of Instituto Superior de Estatística e Gestão de Informação, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Ana Meirinho of Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves This work was supported by the European Commission, Erasmus Mundus Programme, M.Sc. in Geospatial Technologies, project no.2007-0064 June 1, 2009 29
  • 30. Thank you for your attention June 1, 2009 30