Bitcoins are a cryptocurrency that uses blockchain technology to allow for peer-to-peer transactions without a central authority. Transactions are recorded on a public ledger called the blockchain, which uses cryptography to securely record each transaction. Users store bitcoins in digital wallets and can transfer them to others for low fees. While bitcoins aim to serve as a medium of exchange like cash, some see them as a store of value like gold due to their limited supply which is designed to cap at 21 million bitcoins. The blockchain is maintained through a process called mining where users lend their computing power to verify transactions and are rewarded with new bitcoins for solving computational puzzles.