Bloom's Taxonomy of Cognitive Domain
- 1. TAXONOMY OF OBJECTIVES Educational Taxonomy is classified into three domains namely: (1) cognitive, (2) affective, and (3) psychomotor or behavioral. Bloom’s Taxonomy Of Cognitive Domain (1956) -Benjamin Bloom led his group in coming up with the list of instructional objectives in the cognitive domain. Arranged from lowest to the highest level, they are as follows:
- 2. Knowledge or recall – knowledge of terminology and conventions, trends and sequences, classifications and categories, criteria and methodologies, principles, theories, and structures. Verbs: define, memorize, record, list, name, write, identify, distinguish Comprehension – relate to translation, interpretation, and extrapolation. Verbs: restate, discuss, describe, explain, express, illustrate, report, recognize, review, locate Application – requires the student to solve or explain a problem or applying what he/she have learned to other situation.
- 3. Verbs: apply, demonstrate, sketch, translate, interpret, employ, play, news, dramatize, practice, operate Analysis- objectives relate to breaking a whole into parts Verbs: analyze, compare, differentiate, appraise, distinguish, criticize, test, calculate, discriminate Synthesis- putting parts together in a new form such as a unique communication, a plan of operation, and a set of abstract relations. Verbs: create, hypothesize, invent, think of a way, plan, formulate, construct, assemble, propose, design
- 4. Evaluation- judging in terms of internal evidence or logical consistency and external evidence or consistency with facts developed elsewhere Verbs: judge, appraise, evaluate, measure, defend, assess, indicate, score, select, rate Anderson’s taxonomy of cognitive domain. (1990’s) Lorin Anderson together with a team of cognitive psychologists revisited Bloom’s taxonomy.
- 6. • Remembering: Learner’s ability to recall information • Understanding: Learner’s ability to understand information • Applying: Learner’s ability to use information in a new way • Analyzing: Learner’s ability to break down information into its essential parts • Evaluating: Learner’s ability to judge or criticize information • Creating: Learner’s ability to create something new from different elements of information
- 7. Anderson and Krathwohl Updates 1. Category names were revised from nouns to verbs. 2. The last two stages of Bloom’s Taxonomy were switched so that evaluation (evaluating) comes before synthesis (creating).