Blu ray disks by.raman sanoria

Submitted By

Raman sanoria

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Blu_Ray Disks

ISE, SCE
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Blu_Ray Disks

• Introduction
• History & Evolution
• Features
• Working
• Implementation
• Future & Commercial Market
• Conclusion
• References

ISE, SCE
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 Blu-ray disc (BD) is appropriately named after the blue laser used to
write the data
 A Blu-ray Disc (also known as BD or Blu-Ray) is an
optical disc storage medium designed to supersede the
standard DVD format.
 The disc has the same physical dimensions as standard
DVDs and CDs
 Takes up about five times more bandwidth and therefore
requires a disc with about five times more storage.
 Blu-ray is the next-generation digital video disc. It can
record, store and play back high-definition video and digital
audio, as well as computer data. The advantage to Blu-ray
is the sheer amount of information it can hold.

ISE, SCE
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 A single-layer Blu-ray disc, which is roughly the same
size as a DVD, can hold up to 25GB of data -- that's
more than two hours of high-definition video or about
13 hours of standard video.
 A double-layer Blu-ray disc can store up to 50 GB,
enough to hold about 4.5 hours of high-definition
video or more than 20 hours of standard video.
 Users will be able to connect to the Internet and
instantly download subtitles and other interactive
movie features.

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 1st GENERATION:
 Compact disc (CD): --- 650/700 MB
 It is with us for over 20 years.
 Wavelength of laser which reads data: 780 nm
 Color of laser: Red
 2nd GENERATION:
 Digital versatile disc (DVD): --- 4.7 GB
 It offers high quality sound and video than CD.
 Wavelength of laser which reads data: 650 nm
 Color of laser: Red
 3rd GENERATION:
 Blue-ray disc (BD): --- 25/50 GB
1. Developed by blue-ray disc association (which includes Apple, Hitachi, HP,
LG, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony)
2. Wavelength of laser which reads data: 405 nm
3. Color of laser: Blue-violet which was developed by
SHUJI NAKAMURA
at NICHIA CORPORATION

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•Record high-definition television (HDTV) without any quality
loss
•Instantly skip to any spot on the disk
•Record one program while watching another on the disc
•Create playlists
•Edit or reorder programs recorded on the disc
•Automatically search for an empty space on the disc to avoid
recording over a program
•Access the Web to download subtitles and other extra features

ISE, SCE
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•Discs store digitally encoded video and audio information in pits -- spiral
grooves that run from the center of the disc to its edges.
• A laser reads the other side of these pits -- the bumps -- to play the movie or
program that is stored on the DVD.
•The more data that is contained on a disc, the smaller and more closely packed
the pits must be.
• The smaller the pits , the more precise the reading laser must be.
•Unlike current DVDs, Blu-ray uses a blue laser . A blue laser has a shorter
wavelength (405 nanometers) than a red laser (650 nanometers).
•The smaller beam focuses more precisely, enabling it to read information
recorded in pits that are only 0.15 microns (µm) this is more than twice as
small as the pits on a DVD.
•Blu-ray has reduced the track pitch from 0.74 microns to 0.32 microns. The
smaller pits, smaller beam and shorter track pitch together enable a single-
layer Blu-ray disc to hold more than 25 GB of information

ISE, SCE
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Pits : spiral grooves that run
from the centre of the disc to
its edges
Bumps : other sides of these
edges.
Track pitch : it is the
distance between the two
tracks (of pits) on the
surface.
-----------------------------
Disc store digitally encoded
data in PITS.

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So, in blu-ray disc:
Pit size – 0.15 microns (
more than twice as small
as the pits on DVD )
Track-pitch is : 0.32 microns
Laser needed : blue-violet
laser (405 nm)
Data transfer rate : 36 Mbps

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Each Blu-ray disc is about the same thickness (1.2
millimeters) as a DVD. But the two types of discs store data
differently

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How it’s Made
The Blu-ray disc overcomes DVD-reading issues by placing the data on top of a 1.1-
mm-thick polycarbonate layer. Having the data on top prevents birefringence and
therefore prevents readability problems. And, with the recording layer sitting closer
to the objective lens of the reading mechanism, the problem of disc tilt is virtually
eliminated. Because the data is closer to the surface, a hard coating is placed on the
outside of the disc to protect it from scratches and fingerprints.
The design of the Blu-ray discs saves on
manufacturing costs. Traditional DVDs
are built by injection molding the two
0.6-mm discs between which the
recording layer is sandwiched. The
process must be done very carefully to
prevent birefringence.
The two discs are molded.
The recording layer is added to one of the
discs.
The two discs are glued together.
Blu-ray discs only do the injection-molding
process on a single 1.1-mm disc, which
reduces cost.
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BLU-RAY DISKS DENSITY ADVANTAGE

 Higher density
enables better data
seek times
 Shorter to travel
for same amount
of data results in
faster data seek
 Better for random
access of data

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LASER AND OPTICS
• Blu-ray Disc uses a "blue" (technically violet) laser, operating at a
wavelength of 405 nm, to read and write data. The diodes are InGaN (Indium
Gallium Nitride) lasers that produce 405 nm photons directly, that is, without
frequency doubling or other nonlinear optical mechanisms. Conventional DVDs
and CDs use red and near-infrared lasers, at 650 nm and 780 nm, respectively.
• The blue-violet laser's shorter wavelength makes it possible to store more
information on a 12 cm CD/DVD-size disc. The minimum "spot size" on which a
laser can be focused is limited by diffraction, and depends on the wavelength of
the light and the numerical aperture of the lens used to focus it. By decreasing
the wavelength, increasing the numerical aperture from 0.60 to 0.85, and
making the cover layer thinner to avoid unwanted optical effects, the laser beam
can be focused to a smaller spot. This allows more information to be stored in
the same area. For Blu-ray Disc, the spot size is 580 nm. In addition to the
optical improvements, Blu-ray Discs feature improvements in data encoding that
further increase the capacity.

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Recording speed
Theoretical Write time for Blu-
Data rate
Drive ray Disc (minutes)
speed Mbit MB
Single-Layer Dual-Layer
/s /s
1 36 4.5 90 180
2 72 9 45 90
4 144 18 22.5 45
6 216 27 15 30
8 288 36 11.25 22.5
12 ] 432 54 7.5 15

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Software standards
Codecs
The BD-ROM specification mandates certain codec compatibilities
for both hardware decoders (players) and movie software.

Video
For video, all players are required to support MPEG-2 Part 2,
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and SMPTE VC-1.MPEG-2 is the codec used

Audio
For audio, BD-ROM players are required to support Dolby Digital
(AC-3), DTS, and linear PCM.

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 Java is used to implement interactive menus on Blu-ray Discs, as
opposed to the method used on DVD video discs.
 Inclusion of a Java Virtual Machine, as well as network connectivity
in some BD devices, will allow updates to Blu-ray Discs via the
Internet, adding content such as additional subtitle languages and
promotional features not included on the disc at pressing time.
 This Java Version is called BD-J
 Most Blu-ray Discs that have BD-J menus do not allow a Blu-ray
Disc player to automatically resume a movie from the point at which
it was stopped.

ISE, SCE
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Ongoing development
•Although the Blu-ray Disc specification has been finalized, engineers continue
to work on advancing the technology. Quad-layer (100 GB) discs have been
demonstrated on a drive with modified optics
•JVC has developed a three-layer technology that allows putting both
standard-definition DVD data and HD data on a BD/(standard) DVD
combination. If successfully commercialized, this would enable the consumer to
purchase a disc that can be played on current DVD players
•In December 2008, Pioneer Corporation unveiled a 400 GB (containing 16
data layers, 25 GB each) and a 500 GB (containing 20 layers) Blu-ray Disc that
will be compatible with current players after a firmware update. Its planned
launch is in the 2009–10 time frame for ROM and 2010–13 for rewritable discs.
Ongoing development is under way to create a 1 TB (1,000GB) Blu-ray Disc as
soon as 2013.

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 Expect the BD to become more prevalent once the HDTV market
establishes its presence.

 Audio and video will reach higher qualities with larger storage space.

 Look for BD with more than two layers as the technology is further
refined.

 Sony has made the Disc with size 200GB already.

 Pioneer announced on August 5, 2008 , that they have got success
in making BD with
increased Disc Size
of 500GB.
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 More capacity, Density and Performance
 More Industry Support/Consumer Reach
(BDA has 140+ members)
 More Durable
 More Interactive User Experience
 More Flexible Content Protection: AAC,
BD+ Renewability Technology and ROM
Mark

AVMON for Distributed Systems
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 http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/254136
 http://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=1616,
 http://www.docstoc.com/docs/424938/White-paper-General-Blu-ray-
Disc-Format
 http://allfreedownloadlinks.com/free-softwares/free-multimedia-
software/blu-ray- to-dvd-pro-v120/
 http://reviews.cnet.com/1770-9991_7-0.html?query=
blu+ray+disc&searchtype=products&tag=ltcol;narrow
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc# Technical_specifications
 http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/search/Search.aspx?
SearchBy=0&Word=blu+ray+disc&By=0

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Blu ray disks by.raman sanoria

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