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Brachial Plexus
PBL Group 4
Horrible 48 Hours
What is brachial plexus?
• Network of nerves.
• Arises from the anterior rami of spinal nerves.
• Formed by union of last four cervical and the first thoracic nerve.
• Lies in neck and axilla.
• Divided into root, trunk, division, cord, and branch.
• Gives rise to nerves – innervates the upper limbs
Organization of brachial plexus
1. Roots - 5 ventral Rami (C5-T1)
2. Trunks – Upper, Middle ,Lower
3. Divisions – Anterior and Posterior from each trunk
4. Cords – Lateral, Medial, Posterior
5. Branches
Brachial plexus
Brachial plexus
Supraclavicular branches
1. Dorsal scapular nerve- (C5)rhomboids, levator scapulae
2. Nerve to subclavius- (C5,C6)subclavius
3. Long thoracic nerve- (C5-C7)serratus anterior
4. Suprascapular nerve- C5,C6)supraspinatous,infraspinatous,
glenohumeral joint.
Infraclavicular nerve
1. Lateral pectoral nerve- (C5-C7) pectoralis major
2. Musculocutaneous nerve – (C5-C7) Anterior compartment of
arm(biceps brachi, coracobrachialis, brachialis
3. Median nerve- (C5-T1) muscles of anterior forearm compartment
except flexor carpi ulnaris, and ulnar half of flexor digitorum
profundus
4. Ulnar nerve-(C8,T1) flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor
digitorum profundus
Contd.
5. Medial pectoral nerve- (C8,T1) pectoralis minor, sternocoastal part
of pectoralis major
6. Medial brachial cutaneous nerve- (C8,T1) skin of medial side of arm
7. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve- (C8,T1) skin of medial side of
forearm
8. Upper subscapular nerve- (C5,C6) superior portion of subscapularis
muscle
Contd.
9. Lower subscapular nerve- (C5,C6) Inferior portion of subscapularis
muscle
10. Thoracodorsal nerve- (C5-C7) latissimus dorsi
11. Axillary nerve- (C5,C6) glenohumeral joint, teres minor and deltoid
muscle
12. Radial nerve- (C5-C8,T1) all muscles of posterior compartment of
arm and forearm.
Brachial plexus
Erb’s Point
Erb’s palsy
• Injury at the erb’s point
• Affects the abductor and lateral rotators of the shoulder joint.
• Flexors of elbow and supinators are paralysed.
• Arms hang by side.
Klumpke’s palsy
• Damage to C8 and T1
• Leads to ‘complete claw hand’ i.e. extension of metacarpophalangeal
joint and flexion of interphalangeal joint, loss of sensation on medial
side of forearm.
References:
Moore’s Clinically oriented anatomy, seventh edition.
THANK YOU!

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Brachial plexus

  • 1. Brachial Plexus PBL Group 4 Horrible 48 Hours
  • 2. What is brachial plexus? • Network of nerves. • Arises from the anterior rami of spinal nerves. • Formed by union of last four cervical and the first thoracic nerve. • Lies in neck and axilla. • Divided into root, trunk, division, cord, and branch. • Gives rise to nerves – innervates the upper limbs
  • 3. Organization of brachial plexus 1. Roots - 5 ventral Rami (C5-T1) 2. Trunks – Upper, Middle ,Lower 3. Divisions – Anterior and Posterior from each trunk 4. Cords – Lateral, Medial, Posterior 5. Branches
  • 6. Supraclavicular branches 1. Dorsal scapular nerve- (C5)rhomboids, levator scapulae 2. Nerve to subclavius- (C5,C6)subclavius 3. Long thoracic nerve- (C5-C7)serratus anterior 4. Suprascapular nerve- C5,C6)supraspinatous,infraspinatous, glenohumeral joint.
  • 7. Infraclavicular nerve 1. Lateral pectoral nerve- (C5-C7) pectoralis major 2. Musculocutaneous nerve – (C5-C7) Anterior compartment of arm(biceps brachi, coracobrachialis, brachialis 3. Median nerve- (C5-T1) muscles of anterior forearm compartment except flexor carpi ulnaris, and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus 4. Ulnar nerve-(C8,T1) flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus
  • 8. Contd. 5. Medial pectoral nerve- (C8,T1) pectoralis minor, sternocoastal part of pectoralis major 6. Medial brachial cutaneous nerve- (C8,T1) skin of medial side of arm 7. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve- (C8,T1) skin of medial side of forearm 8. Upper subscapular nerve- (C5,C6) superior portion of subscapularis muscle
  • 9. Contd. 9. Lower subscapular nerve- (C5,C6) Inferior portion of subscapularis muscle 10. Thoracodorsal nerve- (C5-C7) latissimus dorsi 11. Axillary nerve- (C5,C6) glenohumeral joint, teres minor and deltoid muscle 12. Radial nerve- (C5-C8,T1) all muscles of posterior compartment of arm and forearm.
  • 12. Erb’s palsy • Injury at the erb’s point • Affects the abductor and lateral rotators of the shoulder joint. • Flexors of elbow and supinators are paralysed. • Arms hang by side.
  • 13. Klumpke’s palsy • Damage to C8 and T1 • Leads to ‘complete claw hand’ i.e. extension of metacarpophalangeal joint and flexion of interphalangeal joint, loss of sensation on medial side of forearm.
  • 14. References: Moore’s Clinically oriented anatomy, seventh edition.