Brain anatomy and physiological function
- 1. Anatomy and physiological function of human brain Prepared by : Nurse students
- 2. Content • Exploring the most complex organ in the human body. • The anatomy of brain • The function of brain structure • How to maintain a healthy brain
- 3. • The brain is the most complex structure in the body . • It located inside the bony covering called cranium that protect the brain from injury. • It controls biological processes that are critical for survival, such as breathing, temperature ,regulations, controls though , memory , emotion ,and every process that regulates human body . • Brain is made up of about 100 bilion neurons (brain cell) and evry neurons makes connections with around 10 000 other brain cells . • The brain uses 20-30% of all the blood and oxygen that the body need . Introduction: brain
- 4. Brain • Brain is made up of three major area : the cerebrum , cerebellum , and brainstem . • The brains cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres,or halves called hemispheres .
- 5. Hemispheres
- 6. Cerebrum • The largest part of the brain , makes up about 80% of over all brain volume . that responsible for the senses , thinking and memory . • Located at the front and top of your skull. • It divided into tow hemispheres ( cerebral hemispheres ) , the tow hemispheres connected using a structure called the corpus callosum. • The tow hemispheres Also have four main lobe : 1. Frontal lobe ( at the front of your head ) 2. Parietal lobe ( at the top of your head) 3. Temporal lobe ( at the side of your head) 4. Occipital lobe ( at the back of your head)
- 8. Cerebellum • The cerebellum is the lower-back part of the brain . • It only account for around 10% of total brain weight but contains as many as 80% of all neurons in the brain. • Function : 1. Maintain balance (it send sgnals for the body to adjust and move . 2. Coordinating movement. 3. Vision . 4. Motor learning (helps the body learn movement that require practice for example ( the cerebellum plays a role in learning to ride a bicycle)
- 9. Brainstem • The brainstem is the bottom portion of the brain and connects to the spinal cord . • It made up of three different parts : the medulla oblongata , the pons , and the Midbrain • Braindoes three jobs : 1. It links the cerebrum to the cerebellum . 2. It is in control of the nerves going to the face and neck . 3. It is in charge of all the things you are not doing on purpose, such as breathing, your sleep cycle and circulating blood .
- 10. Diencephalon • The diencephalon is midline structure and embedded in the cerebrum • Diencephalon consists of the following parts : 1. Thalamus 2. Hypothalamus 3. Epithalamus Dienciphalon function : Involved in many crucial body functions including coordinating with the endocrine system to release hormones, relaying sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and regulating circadian rhythms ( the sleep wake cycle ) , regulating body temperature, appetite and more .
- 11. Amygdala • amygdala is part of your temporal lobe. It’s a paired structure, meaning you have two of them, one on each side of your brain. • Your amygdala is a small part of your brain, but it has a big job it’s a major processing center for emotions . It also link your emotions to many other brain abilities, especially memories, learning and your senses Fear is the main emotion that the amygdala is known to control. That’s why your amygdala is so important to survival
- 12. Hippocampus • You have a hippocampus on the left and right side of your brain, located within the temporal lobe. • The hippocampus is part of your limbic system. This is a group of brain structures that regulate your smells, emotions, memories and autonomic behaviors (such as heart rate, breathing, sweating, etc.). It converts short-term memories into long-term memories by organizing, storing and retrieving memories within your brain. Your hippocampus also helps you learn more about your environment.
- 13. Maintaining a healthy brain Brain health is just as important as physical health. Keeping the brain healthy offset memory loss and also help prevent other chronic conditions such as diabetes. Actions a person can take to improve their brain health include: • stopping smoking • preventing or managing high blood pressure • maintaining a healthy weight • keeping cholesterol levels within a healthy range • getting enough sleep • managing blood sugar levels • reducing alcohol consumption
- 14. Conclusion • Understanding brain function and anatomy is vital for appreciating how we interact with our environment and respond to stimuli • The structure of the brain is intricately designed, with various regions working in harmony to facilitate a wide range of functions essential for daily life. • The importance of maintaining a healthy brain
- 15. Thanks That's your best friend and your worst enemy - your own brain !
- 16. Resources • Bhushan, Rashmi, V. Ravichandiran, and Nitesh Kumar. "An overview of the anatomy and physiology of the brain." Nanocarriers for Drug-Targeting Brain Tumors (2022): 3-29. • Akram, Muhammad, and Adonis Sfera. "Anatomy and Physiology of Brain." Australasian Medical Journal (Online) 17.9 (2024): 1-6. • Peate, Ian. "Anatomy and physiology, 4. The brain." British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 11.11 (2017): 538-541. http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/ http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/ http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/