BrainCranialNerves.ppt
- 2. brain spine
- 6. Coverings of the Brain- Meninges skin skull dura mater arachnoid layer pia mater cerebral cortex
- 7. Menenges: 1.Covers and protects CNS 2.Protects blood vessels and encloses venus sinuses 3.Contains CSF 4.Forms partition within the skull
- 8. Cerebruspinal Fluid Brain Ventricles CSF Spinal Cord Anterior View Saggital View Rt. Ventricle Lf. Ventricle
- 9. Ventricles
- 10. CSF • 150 ml in adult • contains: glucose, proteins,lactic acid, urea, cations, anions, WBC Functions: 1.Reduces wt. of brain by 97% 2.Prevents head injury 3.Supplies brain with nutrition 4.Transports hormones along ventricular channels
- 11. The Brain The Cerebrum Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe Cerebellum Brainstem
- 13. Cerebrum • Involved with higher brain functions. • Processes sensory information. • Initiates motor functions. • Integrates information.
- 15. Motor, Sensory & Association Cortex
- 18. Right-Left Specialization of the Cerebrum left side –language development –mathematical & learning capabilities –sequential thought processes right side –visual spatial skills –musical and artistic activities –intuitive abilities
- 20. Diencephalon
- 21. Thalamus • Relay center for sensory tracts from the spinal cord to the cerebrum. • Contains centers for sensation of pain, temperature, and touch. • Involved with emotions and alerting or arousal mechanisms.
- 23. Hypothalamus • autonomic control center- blood pressure, rate and force of heart contraction, center for emotional response and behavior • body temperature • water balance and thirst • sleep/wake cycles • appetite • sexual arousal • control of endocrine functioning: Acts on the pituitary gland through the release of neurosecretions. Regulates:
- 24. Hypothalamus
- 25. The Limbic System The Limbic System
- 26. Midbrain • Contains ascending and descending tracts to the cerebrum and thalamus. • Reflex center for eye muscles. • Also involved with processing visual and auditory information (connects head movements with visual and auditory stimuli).
- 27. Pons • Connects the two halves of the cerebellum. • Regulates breathing.
- 28. Medulla Oblongata • Composed of nerve tracts to and from the brain (these tracts cross over left to right and right to left) • May be regarded as an extension of the spinal cord • Almost all of the cranial nerves arise from this region
- 29. Medulla Oblongata Contains control centers for many subconscious activities • Respiratory rate • Heart rate • Arteriole constriction • Swallowing • Hiccupping • Coughing • Sneezing
- 30. Cerebellum • Controls and coordinates muscular activity. • Important in equilibrium, posture and movement.
- 31. On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Fat Voracious German Viewed A Hop 1. Olfactory- smell 2. Optic- vision 3. Oculomotor- 4 of the 6 extrinsic eye muscles 4. Trochlear- extrinsic eye muscles 5. Trigeminal- sensory fibers to the face and motor fibers to the chewing muscles 6. Abducens- controls eye muscles that turn the eye laterally 7. Facial- facial expression 8. Vestibulocochlear- hearing and balance 9. Glosopharyngeal- tongue and pharynx 10.Vagus- from medulla- acetylcholine slows heart & breathing 11.Accessory- accessory part of vagus nerve 12.Hypoglossal- moves muscles under tongue
- 33. Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Olfactory receptor cell Filaments of olfactory nerve
- 45. Traumatic Brain Injuries • Concussion • Contusion • Subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage • Contrecoup injury
- 46. Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVAs) • Ischemia • Thrombus • Embolism • Arteriosclerosis • Stroke
- 48. Degenerative brain diseases • Alzheimer’s • Down’s • Parkinson’s • Huntington’s Chorea • MS • Epilepsy • Schizophrenia