Bridge introduction and History of Bridges
- 1. DESIGN OF BRIDGES Unit no 1 INTRODUCTION By Prof. Mayur Manohar More Department of Civil Engineering
- 2. Index •Introduction •Brief History of bridges •Classification •Importance of bridges •Components of bridges: Substructure -superstructure •Investigation for Bridges
- 3. Classification of bridges 1. Based on Material • Timber Bridge • Stone Masonry Bridge • RCC Bridge • Steel Bridge • Pre-stress Bridge • Composite Bridge 2. As per alignment • Straight Alignment • Skew Bridge 3. As per the location of the bridges • Deck Bridge • Through Bridge • Semi-Through Bridge
- 4. 4 Based on Purpose • Aqueduct • Vi -aqueduct • Highway Bridge • Railway Bridge • Foot Bridge • Pipe Bridge 6 According to High Flood Level • Submersible Bridge or Causeway • Non – Submersible Bridge 5 According to a type of superstructure • Suspension Bridge Slab Bridge • Cable-stayed bridge 7 According to a type of span • Simply Supported Bridge • Continuous Bridge • Cantilever Bridge • Balanced – Cantilever Bridge
- 5. 8 According to span length • Culvert • Minor bridge • Major bridge • Long-span bridge 9 Method of connections. • Pin joint connection Bridge • Riveted joint bridge • Welded type bridge
- 8. • The Longest Bridge in the World 1. The Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge, China. 164km. 2. Changhua–Kaohsiung Viaduct, Taiwan. 157km. 3. Cangde Grand Bridge, China. 116km. 4. Tianjin Grand Bridge, China. 113km. 5. Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge, China. 79km. 6. Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge
- 9. Importance of Bridge 1.Road or railway traffic can run uninterrupted during monsoon 2.Saving time and fuel. 3.It improves the aesthetic of a road. 4.Distance between two places can be reduced. 5.Agriculture products, industrial products, and raw materials can reach the industries quickly which helps in the economic development of the area. 6.Construction of a bridge on railway alignment at level crossing reduces the number of accidents. 7.Bridges are important from a military point of view.
- 11. • Component Parts of a Bridge 1. Abutments 2. Piers 3. Wing Walls 4. Beam & Girders 5. Bearing 6. Arch & Cables 7. Parapet Wall and Handrail 8. Flooring 9. Approaches 10. Guard Stones
- 12. Abutments • A bridge abutment is a structural element that supports the end of a bridge and transfers the weight of the bridge and its load to the underlying foundation
- 13. • Uses Of Abutment • To transfer the loads from a superstructure to its foundation components. • To resist or transmit self-weight, lateral loads (such as the earth pressure), and wind loads. • To support one edge of an approach slab. • To protect a balance between the vertical and horizontal force elements of an arch bridge.
- 14. • Types of Bridge Abutments 1.Gravity Abutment 2.U-shaped Gravity Abutment 3.Cantilever Wall Abutment 4.Full Height Abutment 5.Stub Abutment 6.Semi-stub Abutment 7.Counterfort Abutment 8.Spill-Through Abutment 9. Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) System
- 15. Piers The intermediate supports for the superstructure of a multi- span bridge are known as piers. • A pier essentially consists of two parts i.ee a column shaft and the foundation. It is sometimes provided with projections, called cut water and easy passage of water. • Function of Pier: • The function of a pier is to transmit the load from the bridge to the underneath sub-soil.
- 16. • Types of Piers: • Depending upon the type of superstructure, sub-soil conditions and the construction procedure of the bridge, pier can be classified into the following two types: • 1. Solid piers • 2. Open piers.
- 17. Wing wall • Wing wall in a bridge is a side wall. • Both side walls next to backfill material is known as wing wall. • Wing wall provides stability to the bridge. • It is also hold backfill material. • Its shape is triangular and it looks like wings of bird.