Brinkley13 ppt ch01
- 1. Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley, AMERICAN HISTORYAMERICAN HISTORY 13/e13/e Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures
- 2. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus The Peoples of the Pre-contact AmericasThe Peoples of the Pre-contact Americas Migrations from Eurasia over Bering StraitMigrations from Eurasia over Bering Strait The “Clovis” PeopleThe “Clovis” People Archaeologists and Population DiversityArchaeologists and Population Diversity The “Archaic” Period (8000 B.C.)The “Archaic” Period (8000 B.C.) 2
- 3. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures 3 How the Early North Americans Lived
- 4. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus The Growth of Civilizations: The SouthThe Growth of Civilizations: The South Incas-Capital CuzcoIncas-Capital Cuzco Meso-AmericaMeso-America Olmec Culture (1000 B.C.)Olmec Culture (1000 B.C.) 11stst Complex SocietyComplex Society Maya Culture (800 A.D.)Maya Culture (800 A.D.) Mexica/Aztec Culture-1325Mexica/Aztec Culture-1325 All Had Complex Political, Religious,All Had Complex Political, Religious, Cultural, and Agricultural SystemsCultural, and Agricultural Systems The Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan 4
- 6. Iroquois Women (Library of Congress) Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus The Civilizations ofThe Civilizations of the Norththe North Complex andComplex and Varied Civilizations Varied Civilizations Mobile Societies Mobile Societies 6
- 7. Secotan Village, 1585 (Library of Congress) Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures America Before Columbus America Before Columbus Tribal CulturesTribal Cultures Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution 7
- 8. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward Commerce and NationalismCommerce and Nationalism A Reawakening of CommerceA Reawakening of Commerce Most Europeans Unaware of the AmericasMost Europeans Unaware of the Americas Significant Population Growth in 15Significant Population Growth in 15thth CenturyCentury EuropeEurope Centralized Nation-StatesCentralized Nation-States Portugal Preeminent Maritime PowerPortugal Preeminent Maritime Power Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the Navigator 8
- 9. Marco Polo leaves for the Far East (Bibliothèque Nationale de France) Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures 9
- 10. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus Columbus’s First Voyage-1492Columbus’s First Voyage-1492 Underestimated the Size of the EarthUnderestimated the Size of the Earth Columbus Thought He Was Near ChinaColumbus Thought He Was Near China Columbus’s Third Voyage-1498Columbus’s Third Voyage-1498 Discovery of Orinoco RiverDiscovery of Orinoco River Amerigo Vespucci-Florentine Merchant-1499-1500Amerigo Vespucci-Florentine Merchant-1499-1500 Religious MotivesReligious Motives for Explorationfor Exploration Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1522)Ferdinand Magellan (1519-1522) Proves the World was RoundProves the World was Round Vasco de Balboa-1513Vasco de Balboa-1513 Claimed the Pacific Ocean for SpainClaimed the Pacific Ocean for Spain Christopher Columbus (Library of Congress) 10
- 11. Voyages of ColumbusVoyages of Columbus
- 12. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1583 12
- 13. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward The ConquistadoresThe Conquistadores Hernando CortHernando Cortéés Conquers the Aztecss Conquers the Aztecs Mexica Decimated by SmallpoxMexica Decimated by Smallpox Fall of Tenochtitlan-1521Fall of Tenochtitlan-1521 Brutality and GreedBrutality and Greed Spanish America- Largest Empire in the WorldSpanish America- Largest Empire in the World Ordinances of DiscoveryOrdinances of Discovery Gold and Silver Mines Extremely LucrativeGold and Silver Mines Extremely Lucrative Catholic Missions-Forcibly Converted the NativesCatholic Missions-Forcibly Converted the Natives 13
- 14. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Spanish America 14
- 15. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward Northern OutpostsNorthern Outposts St. Augustine-1565St. Augustine-1565 First Permanent Spanish Settlement in the U.S.First Permanent Spanish Settlement in the U.S. Juan de Onate-1598Juan de Onate-1598 Encomienda SystemEncomienda System Labor and Tribute System Forced on the NativesLabor and Tribute System Forced on the Natives Pueblo Revolt of 1680Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Spanish Suppressed Native RitualsSpanish Suppressed Native Rituals Pueblo Rebellion Led by PopePueblo Rebellion Led by Pope Pueblo Ruins in New Mexico (CORBIS / Royalty-Free) 15
- 16. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward The Empire at High TideThe Empire at High Tide Spain’s Vast EmpireSpain’s Vast Empire Rigid Royal ControlRigid Royal Control A Collision ofA Collision of CulturesCultures Mexico, California, and Florida, 1600 (Royalty-Free / CORBIS) 16
- 17. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures De Soto in North America (Rare Books Division, Library of Congress) 17
- 18. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward Biological and Cultural ExchangesBiological and Cultural Exchanges Increasing Levels of ExchangeIncreasing Levels of Exchange Small Pox and other European DiseasesSmall Pox and other European Diseases Decimate the Native Populations (90%)Decimate the Native Populations (90%) Demographic CatastropheDemographic Catastrophe Deliberate Subjugation and ExterminationDeliberate Subjugation and Extermination New Crops and Agricultural TechniquesNew Crops and Agricultural Techniques The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange A Complex Racial HierarchyA Complex Racial Hierarchy Mestizos-Largest Segment of the PopulationMestizos-Largest Segment of the Population Mulattos and ZambosMulattos and Zambos Reasons for IntermarriageReasons for Intermarriage Varied Labor SystemsVaried Labor Systems 18
- 20. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Europe Looks Westward Europe Looks Westward Africa and AmericaAfrica and America Ghana and MaliGhana and Mali Benin, Congo, andBenin, Congo, and SonghaySonghay Matrilineal SocietiesMatrilineal Societies Growth of theGrowth of the African Slave TradeAfrican Slave Trade Portuguese Lead the Slave TradePortuguese Lead the Slave Trade 1633 Map of Atlantic (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) 20
- 21. Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward
- 24. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English John CabotJohn Cabot The Commercial IncentiveThe Commercial Incentive The Enclosure MovementThe Enclosure Movement Population Increasing in EuropePopulation Increasing in Europe Available European Farmland DecliningAvailable European Farmland Declining Incentives for Colonization Incentives for Colonization Chartered CompaniesChartered Companies MercantilismMercantilism Richard Hakluyt’s Argument for ColoniesRichard Hakluyt’s Argument for Colonies 24
- 26. John Calvin (Portrait Gallery) Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English The Religious IncentiveThe Religious Incentive Doctrine of PredestinationDoctrine of Predestination Martin Luther and John CalvinMartin Luther and John Calvin The English ReformationThe English Reformation Dispute Between Henry VIII and Catholic ChurchDispute Between Henry VIII and Catholic Church Puritan SeparatistsPuritan Separatists Puritan DiscontentPuritan Discontent 26 . Martin Luther King Henry VIII Anne Bolyn
- 28. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English The English in IrelandThe English in Ireland Subjugation of IrelandSubjugation of Ireland The Plantation ModelThe Plantation Model Rigid Separation BetweenRigid Separation Between the English and thethe English and the Native peopleNative people 28
- 29. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English The French and the Dutch in AmericaThe French and the Dutch in America Coureurs de BoisCoureurs de Bois Fur TradeFur Trade IntermarriageIntermarriage Henry HudsonHenry Hudson New Amsterdam-1624New Amsterdam-1624 A French Map of North America, 1656 (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) 29
- 32. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English The First EnglishThe First English SettlementsSettlements The Spanish Armada-1588The Spanish Armada-1588 Defeat of Spain Opened SeaDefeat of Spain Opened Sea Routes to EnglandRoutes to England Gilbert’s Expedition toGilbert’s Expedition to NewfoundlandNewfoundland A Galleon in Flames (The Palma Collection / Getty Images) 32
- 34. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English RoanokeRoanoke The First Roanoke Colony-1587The First Roanoke Colony-1587 Establishment of VirginiaEstablishment of Virginia New Colonial ChartersNew Colonial Charters Jamestown-1607Jamestown-1607 First Permanent English SettlementFirst Permanent English Settlement 34 Queen Elizabeth I “ Virgin Queen ”
- 35. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures America in the World: America in the World: The Atlantic Context of Early AmericanThe Atlantic Context of Early American HistoryHistory 1587 Map of the Americas (Fototeca Storica Nazionale / Getty Images ) 35
- 36. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Where Historians Disagree: Where Historians Disagree: Why Do Historians So Often Differ?Why Do Historians So Often Differ? 36
- 37. Chapter One:Chapter One: The Meeting of CulturesThe Meeting of Cultures Where Historians Disagree:Where Historians Disagree: The American Population BeforeThe American Population Before ColumbusColumbus The Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan (Royalty-Free/CORBIS) 37