Bronchiectasis
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Bronchiectasis is the irreversible dilatation of the airways. There are different types including cylindrical, varicose, and cystic bronchiectasis. CT scans are useful for diagnosis and can show signs like the signet ring sign, lack of bronchial tapering, and visibility of peripheral airways. Pseudo-bronchiectasis can occur due to artifacts or conditions like tumors, broncholithiasis, or post-irradiation fibrosis. Common causes of diffuse bronchiectasis include cystic fibrosis, sarcoidosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, and immotile cilia syndrome. Idiopathic bronchiectasis and recurrent childhood infections are common
Bronchiectasis
- 1. Bronchiectasis Dr / Hytham Nafady
- 2. Definition • Irreversible dilatation of the cartilage containing airways.
- 7. Cylindrical bronchiectasis Varicose bronchiectasis Cystic bronchiectasis Mild Moderate Sever Tram track appearance String of beads Cluster of grapes
- 11. Plain radiographic signs of bronchiectasis
- 14. Mucoid impaction
- 17. •Signet ring sign (broncho-arterial ratio > 1). •Lack of bronchial tapering. •Abnormal bronchial contour. •Visibility of peripheral air ways.
- 18. Signet ring sign broncho-arterial ratio > 1
- 19. Normal bronchus Lack of bronchial tapering
- 21. Visibility of peripheral air ways within 1cm from the costal pleura
- 22. • Peribronchial cuffing (thickened hazy bronchial wall). • Finger in glove opacities (mucus filled bronchi). • Multiple air fluid levels (fluid filled bronchi).
- 24. Mucoid impaction
- 25. Multiple air fluid levels
- 26. • Mosaic perfusion. • Air trapping. • Tree in bud opacities.
- 27. Mosaic perfusion
- 28. Air trapping
- 29. Tree in budd opacities
- 30. Pseudo-bronchiectasis • Pitfalls in diagnosis of bronchiectasis. • Motion artifact (respiratory or cardiac motion artifact).
- 34. Broncholithiasis
- 39. Diffuse bronchiectasis with central predominance • ABPA. • Mounier Kuhn syndrome. • William Campbell syndrome.
- 40. ABPA
- 42. William Campbell syndrome Congenital cystic bronchiectasis that results from a deficiency of cartilage in the 4th to 6th order bronchi
- 43. Diffuse bronchiectasis with upper lobe predominance • Cystic fibrosis. • Sarcoidosis.
- 44. Cystic fibrosis
- 45. Sarcoidosis
- 46. Diffuse bronchiectasis with middle lobe & lingula predominance • Non tuberculous mycobacterial infection. • Immobile cilia syndrome.
- 49. Bronchiectasis with lower lobe predominance 1. Idiopathic (40% of cases). 2. Recurrent childhood infection. 3. Repeated aspiration. 4. Interstitial lung disease.
- 51. Case • 65-year-old man with a chronic productive cough and progressive dyspnea on exertion.
- 56. Bronchietasis Lack of bronchial tapering + Tree in bud opacities