Bronchitis
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Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi. Acute bronchitis causes cough and mucus production, often during a cold or flu. Chronic bronchitis is long-term cough and mucus production, usually caused by smoking or pollution. Acute bronchitis is usually viral but can be bacterial, while chronic bronchitis is caused by long-term airway irritation. Symptoms include cough, fatigue, and sore throat.
![• Acute bronchitis is characterized by the
development of a cough, with or without
the production of sputum, mucus that
is expectorated (coughed up) from
the respiratory tract. Acute bronchitis often
occurs during the course of an acute viral
illness such as the common
cold or influenza.Viruses cause about 90%
of cases of acute
bronchitis, whereas bacteria account for
fewer than 10%.[1]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bronchitis-111128051409-phpapp02/85/Bronchitis-3-320.jpg)
![• Chronic bronchitis, a type of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, is
characterized by the presence of a
productive cough that lasts for three
months or more per year for at least two
years. Chronic bronchitis most often
develops due to recurrent injury to the
airways caused by inhaled irritants. Cigarette
smoking is the most common
cause, followed by air pollution and
occupational exposure to irritants. [1]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bronchitis-111128051409-phpapp02/85/Bronchitis-4-320.jpg)
Bronchitis
- 1. BRONCHITIS
- 2. DEFINITON OF DISEASE • Bronchitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi.
- 3. • Acute bronchitis is characterized by the development of a cough, with or without the production of sputum, mucus that is expectorated (coughed up) from the respiratory tract. Acute bronchitis often occurs during the course of an acute viral illness such as the common cold or influenza.Viruses cause about 90% of cases of acute bronchitis, whereas bacteria account for fewer than 10%.[1]
- 4. • Chronic bronchitis, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is characterized by the presence of a productive cough that lasts for three months or more per year for at least two years. Chronic bronchitis most often develops due to recurrent injury to the airways caused by inhaled irritants. Cigarette smoking is the most common cause, followed by air pollution and occupational exposure to irritants. [1]
- 5. ETIOLOGIC AGENT • Acute bronchitis is usually caused by infections, such as those caused byMycoplasma species, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae, and by viruses, such as influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, rhinovi rus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Exposure to irritants, such as pollution, chemicals, and tobacco smoke, may also cause acute bronchial irritation
- 6. PHATOPHYSIOLOGY • During an episode of acute bronchitis, the cells of the bronchial-lining tissue are irritated and the mucous membrane becomes hyperemic and edematous, diminishing bronchial mucociliary function. Consequently, the air passages become clogged by debris and irritation increases. In response, copious secretion of mucus develops, which causes the characteristic cough of bronchitis.
- 7. • In the case of mycoplasmal pneumonia, bronchial irritation results from the attachment of the organism (Mycoplasma pneumoniae) to the respiratory mucosa, with eventual sloughing of affected cells. Acute bronchitis usually lasts approximately 10 days. If the inflammation extends downward to the ends of the bronchial tree, into the small bronchi (bronchioles), and then into the air sacs, bronchopneumonia results.
- 8. symptoms of acute bronchitis include the following: • Sore throat • Runny or stuffy nose • Headache • Muscle aches • Extreme fatigue
- 10. Clinical manifestation Bronchitis • Productive cough • Classic sign • Dyspnea • Late in course • Wheezing • Intermittent • Barrel chest • Occasionally • Prolonged expirations • Always present • Cyanosis • common