browserCloud.js - David Dias M.Sc Thesis Defense Deck
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The document describes a federated community cloud called browserCloud.js that uses a peer-to-peer overlay network on the web platform. It discusses the motivation for the project which is the exponential growth of user generated data and demand for computing power. The objectives are to have a decentralized infrastructure that enables flexible job types and efficient lookups. The architecture uses a Chord-based distributed architecture with membership management, message routing and job scheduling. It is implemented as a browser module, signaling server, testing framework and ray tracing module.
![TÉCNICO LISBOA
CLOUD COMPUTING
• Cloud Computing describes a larger number of computers, connected
through a network, with special differentiating properties[4]:
• Several offers in the Cloud Computing space
• It is an old concept, envisioned around 1961 by Prof. John McCarthy, MIT
• Created the “lock-in” syndrome
9
IaaS Infrastructure as a Service
PaaS Platform as a Service
SaaS Software as a Service
… …
Advantage Cloud Conventional
Data Center
Virtually infinite computing resources Yes No
Freedom from up-front commitment Yes No
“Pay-as-you-go” Yes No
Motivation
Challenges
Objectives
Contributions
Related work
CC and Open Cloud
Platforms
Volunteered Resource
Sharing
Web platform
Architecture
Implementation
Evaluation
Conclusions
Publications](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/browsercloudjs-thesis-180531144901/85/browserCloud-js-David-Dias-M-Sc-Thesis-Defense-Deck-9-320.jpg)
![TÉCNICO LISBOA
VOLUNTEERED
RESOURCE SHARING
• Definition: Sharing idle computing resources on the network, that
otherwise would be wasted
• Computing Jobs are defined with meta-heuristics, creating a bag-of-
tasks, able to be run in parallel
• Community Clouds - Known also as “bottom up networking”, where
individuals join a community effort to create data-links, community
managed, most known are: guifi.net(over 20000 nodes!) , AWMN and
funkfeur freenet
• CONFINE[34] - Community Cloud federation,
start of the community-lab test bed and
Clommunity, a community network in a box.
10
Motivation
Challenges
Objectives
Contributions
Related work
CC and Open Cloud
Platforms
Volunteered Resource
Sharing
Web platform
Architecture
Implementation
Evaluation
Conclusions
Publications](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/browsercloudjs-thesis-180531144901/85/browserCloud-js-David-Dias-M-Sc-Thesis-Defense-Deck-10-320.jpg)
browserCloud.js - David Dias M.Sc Thesis Defense Deck
- 1. TÉCNICO LISBOA browserCloud.js A federated community cloud using a P2P overlay network on top of the Web Platform Telecommunications and Computer Science Engineering project David Dias - 65963 - mail@daviddias.me - github.com/diasdavid
- 2. TÉCNICO LISBOA AGENDA • Motivation • Related work • Architecture • Implementation • Evaluation • Conclusions • Publications and Impact 2
- 3. TÉCNICO LISBOA MOTIVATION • User generated data has been increasing exponentially. • There is a huge demand of large amounts of computing power. • There is no really sustainable and economic solution for the masses. 3 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 4. TÉCNICO LISBOA CHALLENGES • Access to large untapped computing infrastructure. • Execute distributed jobs in a heterogeneous environment, not confined to specific non-universal platforms. • Network bottleneck of constant moving data-to computation vs computation-to-data. • Lack of capability to quickly adapt to different types of jobs, as seen in BOINC based systems. • Centralised Computing platforms have scalability problems when usage and users number grows. 4 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 5. TÉCNICO LISBOA OBJECTIVES 5 • Have a decentralised infrastructure, virtually self-organised • Enable flexible types of jobs to be executed, defined in pre-execution time. • Efficient decentralised lookup system. • Enable common users to take advantage of free Computing system. • Easy volunteer sign up. Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 6. TÉCNICO LISBOA CONTRIBUTIONS 6 • We’ve successfully delivered a: • Decentralised communication platform for the browser • WebRTC DHT • Job Distribution and Agnostic Execution System • Case Study: Ray Tracing framework • Validation: Decentralised browser testing framework • Every component is open source, MIT licensed • Contributions can be found at http://github.com/diasdavid/, identified with the INESC ID Lisboa and Técnico Lisboa emblem. Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 7. TÉCNICO LISBOA RELATED WORK 7 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 8. TÉCNICO LISBOA RELATED WORK • Cloud computing and Open Cloud Platforms • Volunteered resource sharing • Web platform 8 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work CC and Open Cloud Platforms Volunteered Resource Sharing Web platform Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 9. TÉCNICO LISBOA CLOUD COMPUTING • Cloud Computing describes a larger number of computers, connected through a network, with special differentiating properties[4]: • Several offers in the Cloud Computing space • It is an old concept, envisioned around 1961 by Prof. John McCarthy, MIT • Created the “lock-in” syndrome 9 IaaS Infrastructure as a Service PaaS Platform as a Service SaaS Software as a Service … … Advantage Cloud Conventional Data Center Virtually infinite computing resources Yes No Freedom from up-front commitment Yes No “Pay-as-you-go” Yes No Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work CC and Open Cloud Platforms Volunteered Resource Sharing Web platform Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 10. TÉCNICO LISBOA VOLUNTEERED RESOURCE SHARING • Definition: Sharing idle computing resources on the network, that otherwise would be wasted • Computing Jobs are defined with meta-heuristics, creating a bag-of- tasks, able to be run in parallel • Community Clouds - Known also as “bottom up networking”, where individuals join a community effort to create data-links, community managed, most known are: guifi.net(over 20000 nodes!) , AWMN and funkfeur freenet • CONFINE[34] - Community Cloud federation, start of the community-lab test bed and Clommunity, a community network in a box. 10 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work CC and Open Cloud Platforms Volunteered Resource Sharing Web platform Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 11. TÉCNICO LISBOA CYCLE AND STORAGE SHARING • Improve flexibility on the type of jobs you execute with Gridlets, a unit of workload that packs the data and the logic necessary to process it 11 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work CC and Open Cloud Platforms Volunteered Resource Sharing Web platform Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications Type System Architecture Organization Storage Sharing Napster P2P Kazaa Freenet BitTorrent Cycle Sharing @HOME projects (BOINC Based) Centralized
- 12. TÉCNICO LISBOA PEER-TO-PEER ARCHITECTURES 12 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work CC and Open Cloud Platforms Volunteered Resource Sharing Web platform Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 13. TÉCNICO LISBOA WEB PLATFORM • Ubiquitous platform • Highly dynamic runtime for differential updates and code migration for job execution • Recent developments have enabled: • Close to native performance for highly CPU bound jobs • P2P Interconnectivity • Scalable storage and fast indexing 13 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work CC and Open Cloud Platforms Volunteered Resource Sharing Web platform Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 14. TÉCNICO LISBOA Key learnings from the related work 14 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications Section Learnings Cloud Computing Interoperability is easier to happen when abstracted Community Clouds Gridlets mitigate the network bottleneck of moving the data to the computation by moving the computation to the data (also seen in Manta) P2P Efficient storage/lookups requires structured organization of the data Web Platform Highly dynamic runtime is possible thanks to Javascript Near native performance is possible in a browser P2P in a browser is now possible with WebRTC
- 16. TÉCNICO LISBOA DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE 16 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 17. TÉCNICO LISBOA DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE • Membership management - Peers to join and leave browserCloud.js. A peer only has the knowledge of a small group of other peers. • Message routing - Messages are routed between peers. • Job scheduling and results aggregation - Peers interact between each other to send tasks and retrieve the results to the peer executing the job. • Dynamic runtime support - Job agnostic. • Reduced entrance cost to enable greater adoption - Simple APIs design, abstracting the complexity in favor of greater extendability. • Enable integration and compliance tests - Automate the process of verifying browserCloudjs integrity and functionality. 17 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications Entities: • browser - The points on our network that will be able to issue jobs, execute tasks and route messages. • Rendezvous point - The only centralised component in this architecture, its purpose is for the clients to have a way to connect to and join the overlay network.
- 18. TÉCNICO LISBOA DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE Membership Management: 1 - Registration 2 - New peer available - Finger tables are updated. 3 - Connection establishment between two peers 18 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 19. TÉCNICO LISBOA DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE Membership Management: 1 - Registration 2 - New peer available - Finger tables are updated. 3 - Connection establishment between two peers 19 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 20. TÉCNICO LISBOA DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE Membership Management: 1 - Registration 2 - New peer available - Finger tables are updated. 3 - Connection establishment between two peers 20 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 21. TÉCNICO LISBOA DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE Message routing: • Chord routing scheme • 48 bit unique identifiers • Flexible finger table 21 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 22. TÉCNICO LISBOA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Job workflow: 1 - Divide a Job into smaller units (bag of tasks) 2 - Select how many browsers we want to distribute the job to. 3 - Query the network for available browsers. 4 - Compose the several gridlets with task plus a data partition. 5 - Send each gridlets to the network. 6 - Browsers compute the results and send them back to the job issuer. 7 - Browser submitting the job gathers all the tasks results and constructs the job result. 22 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 23. TÉCNICO LISBOA SOFTWARE STACK Communication layer: • Holds the connections with other peers. • Performs the necessary logic, using fingers, for efficient routing. • Keeps the peer connected to the network by updating its routing table as necessary. 23 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 24. TÉCNICO LISBOA SOFTWARE STACK Service router: • Plugin like module. • Interface with communication layer. • Enables new services to leverage the P2P browser infrastructure. 24 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 25. TÉCNICO LISBOA SOFTWARE STACK Job Scheduler: • Find browsers available in the network. • Orchestrates the Job over the network. • Creates gridlets from data + tasks to be executed in each browser. 25 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 26. TÉCNICO LISBOA TESTING Testing framework: 1 - A Web Server is started by the Control Center, this endpoint will be serving the necessary static assets (e,g .html, .css and .js files). 2 + 3 - The number of required browsers for the test being executed, are spawned. 4 - The Control Center starts sending commands to each browser to execute. 5 - Browsers report to the Control Center which events were triggered. 6 - Control Center assesses the order in which these events happened and asserts if the behaviour was the expected. 26 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 27. TÉCNICO LISBOA TESTING Testing framework: 1 - A Web Server is started by the Control Center, this endpoint will be serving the necessary static assets (e,g .html, .css and .js files). 2 + 3 - The number of required browsers for the test being executed, are spawned. 4 - The Control Center starts sending commands to each browser to execute. 5 - Browsers report to the Control Center which events were triggered. 6 - Control Center assesses the order in which these events happened and asserts if the behaviour was the expected. 27 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 28. TÉCNICO LISBOA TESTING Testing framework: 1 - A Web Server is started by the Control Center, this endpoint will be serving the necessary static assets (e,g .html, .css and .js files). 2 + 3 - The number of required browsers for the test being executed, are spawned. 4 - The Control Center starts sending commands to each browser to execute. 5 - Browsers report to the Control Center which events were triggered. 6 - Control Center assesses the order in which these events happened and asserts if the behaviour was the expected. 28 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 29. TÉCNICO LISBOA TESTING Testing framework: 1 - A Web Server is started by the Control Center, this endpoint will be serving the necessary static assets (e,g .html, .css and .js files). 2 + 3 - The number of required browsers for the test being executed, are spawned. 4 - The Control Center starts sending commands to each browser to execute. 5 - Browsers report to the Control Center which events were triggered. 6 - Control Center assesses the order in which these events happened and asserts if the behaviour was the expected. 29 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 30. TÉCNICO LISBOA TESTING Testing framework: 1 - A Web Server is started by the Control Center, this endpoint will be serving the necessary static assets (e,g .html, .css and .js files). 2 + 3 - The number of required browsers for the test being executed, are spawned. 4 - The Control Center starts sending commands to each browser to execute. 5 - Browsers report to the Control Center which events were triggered. 6 - Control Center assesses the order in which these events happened and asserts if the behaviour was the expected. 30 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Distributed Architecture Resource Management Software Stack Testing Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 32. TÉCNICO LISBOA IMPLEMENTATION • Browser module • Signalling Server • Testing Framework • Visualizer • Simulator • Ray Tracing module 32 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Browser module Signalling Server Testing Framework Visualizer Simulator Ray Tracing Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 33. TÉCNICO LISBOA BROWSER MODULE • Establishes the link between the browsers • Holds the intelligence for Chord routing • Capable of distribute jobs over the network 33 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Browser module Signalling Server Testing Framework Visualizer Simulator Ray Tracing Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 34. TÉCNICO LISBOA SIGNALLING SERVER • HTTP + WebSockets Server • Rendezvous point for browsers to connect • Has a snapshot of the DHT state 34 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Browser module Signalling Server Testing Framework Visualizer Simulator Ray Tracing Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 35. TÉCNICO LISBOA TESTING FRAMEWORK • Spawns browsers • Exposes a HTTP server • Uses WebSockets to interact with the browsers 35 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Browser module Signalling Server Testing Framework Visualizer Simulator Ray Tracing Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 36. TÉCNICO LISBOA VISUALIZER • Retrieves DHT information from Signalling Server • Represents the DHT in a graph using D3JS 36 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Browser module Signalling Server Testing Framework Visualizer Simulator Ray Tracing Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 37. TÉCNICO LISBOA SIMULATOR • Similar to the Visualizer. • Able to create customised generations of a browserCloudjs network for visualisation. 37 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Browser module Signalling Server Testing Framework Visualizer Simulator Ray Tracing Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 38. TÉCNICO LISBOA RAY TRACING • Parse a CSS file describing the scene • Creates individual tasks • Runs tasks • Glues the results • Exports to .png or canvas 38 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Browser module Signalling Server Testing Framework Visualizer Simulator Ray Tracing Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 40. TÉCNICO LISBOA QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT ✓ Efficient resource discovery through peer-to-peer routing over a structured overlay network, using a DHT. ✓ Distribute Jobs through the peers available, submitting, coordinating and aggregating the results. ✓ Remove the need for centralised indexes or points of control. There is still a need of a rendezvous point, however the data transmitted, computed and stored inside the network is peer’s responsibility. ✓ Enable every machine equipped with a WebRTC enabled browser to be part of a browserCloudjs instance. 40 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Qualitative Quantitative Conclusions Publications
- 41. TÉCNICO LISBOA QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT ✓ Enable peers to both participate and contribute to a job and at the same time submitting and requesting the network to process their own. ✓ Enable browsers to be part of one or more browserCloudjs instance. ✓ browserCloudjs’ Job Scheduler is job agnostic, this means that different types of jobs can be executed on demand without any previous configuration or preparation. ✓ browserCloudjs solves the decentralised communication problem between browsers in a scalable way. Enable new scenarios to be developed on top of it through its modular and pluggable approach. 41 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Qualitative Quantitative Conclusions Publications
- 42. TÉCNICO LISBOA QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT • Setup: Core i7 with 16Gb of RAM running Chrome v39 • Goals • Measuring the time lapsed for a single browser to compute a CPU bound job and several browsers to compute that same job, but in parallel. • Measuring the RTT time between any of two browsers in the network and evaluate as routing efficiency evolves with the increase in number of browsers. • Assessing if there are significant speedups. 42 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Qualitative Quantitative Conclusions Publications
- 43. TÉCNICO LISBOA QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT Ideal scenario(1): jobTime = DelayFromResourceDiscovery + timeOfExecutingSlowestTask + slowestDelayFromResultReply Using shared resources(2): jobTime = ︎ DelayFromResourceDiscovery + (timeOfExecuting N Tasks on M Resources)+ ︎ DelayFromResultReply 43 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Qualitative Quantitative Conclusions Publications RTT between 2 browsers in a 10 browser network
- 44. TÉCNICO LISBOA QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT • Length of running the Ray Tracing Job in one machine - 24ms 44 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Qualitative Quantitative Conclusions Publications
- 46. TÉCNICO LISBOA QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT • Identified performance bottlenecks • Logging - Since V8 runs in a single thread, any synchronous operation will block the event loop and add delay to the whole processing; although these logs are essential for us to assess the efficiency of the infrastructure, they are not vital to the job. • Delay added - One technique we used to simulate the network delay is to use the ‘set-Timeout’ native function of V8’s JavaScript implementation, however it does not necessarily guarantee that the function will be executed in X amount of milliseconds. • Tasks can not be sent in parallel - A node has to send each individual computing unit sequentially and independently, meaning that if we divide a job into 2000 tasks for e.g, each task will have to wait for the previous to be sent. • We have noticed a considerable machine resources bottle neck when we had more than 40 data channels present in same machine - This means that is is unviable to leverage the full 48 fingers space our finger table has the capacity, since one fingers equals 2 data channels (one in and one out). 46 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Qualitative Quantitative Conclusions Publications
- 48. TÉCNICO LISBOA CONCLUSIONS Major Achievements: • The first browser based DHT - browserCloudjs offers for the first time in browser history, a fully functional DHT, performing resource decentralised resource discovery on the browser. • The first peer-to-peer browser computing platform - the research of using browsers to leverage the idle computer cycles have been in the literature for a while, however, always following the centralised/BOINC model. browserCloudjs offers the first peer-2- peer browser computing framework with proven speedups. 48 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 49. TÉCNICO LISBOA CONCLUSIONS Future Work: • New job strategies - Currently browserCloudjs only supports mapping jobs, however, there is no practical limitation to execute full map/reduce jobs and/or streaming functions (for realtime data scenarios). • Hybrid peers - peers that live inside of a server that can both act as a signalling server and stabilising the network when the churn rate is high. • Geographic distribution awareness - Select finger tables based in optimal RTT distribution and geographic positioning of peers. • Optimisation of the JavaScript code developed - Increasing the performance of crucial functions. • Continuous upgrade of browserCloudjs platform as the Web Platform APIs evolve and as WebRTC moves from the draft state to finished spec. 49 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 50. TÉCNICO LISBOA PUBLICATIONS AND IMPACT • Delivered a talk at Data Terra Nemo, P2P Conf, Berlin, May 23rd & 24th. http://dtn.is/ • Delivered a talk at OpoJS, Oporto, Feb 26th. http://www.opojs.com • Delivered a talk at require(‘lx’), Lisbon, Jun 3rd. • Invited to deliver a talk a LNUG in the end of June. http://lnug.org/ • WebRTC Weekly Issue #60 mention, the number one WebRTC newsletter with more than 1000 subscribers (https:// webrtcweekly.com/issue/webrtc-weekly-issue-60/) • Number one Top article in EchoJS for 3 days in a row and Top-5 for 7 days. (http://www.echojs.com/news/14009) • browserCloud.js demo video - Over 220 impressions. (https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjwIjoENCRE). • Started a collaboration with Karma to join forces on the browser testing framework https://github.com/diasdavid/piri-piri/issues/6 50 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications
- 51. TÉCNICO LISBOA PUBLICATIONS AND IMPACT 51 Motivation Challenges Objectives Contributions Related Work Architecture Implementation Evaluation Conclusions Publications Name Downloads Github Stars webrtc-explorer 615 63 webrtc-explorer-signalling-server NA 11 webrtc-explorer-visualizer NA 10 webrtc-explorer-simulator NA 9 webrtc-explorer-browser-process NA 8 piri-piri 444 14 piri-piri.client 343 9 simple-raytracer 973 18 dht-id 201 11 canela 648 9 raytracer-browser-p2p NA 8 webrtc-chord 668 8 webrtc-chord-signalling-server NA 9 webrtc-chord-uui 138 9 webrtc-ring 408 15 webrtc-ring-signalling-server NA 8 Totals 4438 219