The document discusses problems the author encountered with a third-party REST API and how GraphQL helped solve these issues. Some of the key problems included components being too tightly coupled to the API response, sending unnecessary data to clients, and inability to change data sources without rewriting the app. GraphQL provided instant documentation, allowed fetching related data in one query instead of multiple requests, encouraged better app structure, and provided more resilience to changing data sources. The author recommends GraphQL for applications that need to serve multiple clients, combine multiple data sources, or enforce better coding practices.