Building A Gas Detection System With Arduino Nano[1].pptx

Building A Gas Detection System
With Arduino Nano

 GAS DETECTION SYSTEM
• A fun electronics project to detect harmful gases!
• Learn how to use arduino, sensors, and display to
make a safety device.

 Introduction To The Project
Purpose : Detects harmful gases like CO (carbon monoxide) and NO2 (nitrogen
dioxide) in the air.
Components :
-Arduino Nano: The brain of the system.
-MQ-135 Sensor: Detects gas levels.
-OLED Display: Shows gas levels or “Gas Detect System” when safe.
-Buzzer : Beeps if gas levels are high.
 Why It’s Cool: Helps keep us safe by warning about dangerous gases!

 How The System Detects Gases?
MQ-135 Sensor: Measures gas in the air and sends a signal (0-1023) to the Nano.
Arduino Nano: Reads the signal, calculates gas levels (ppm), and decides what to do.
 OLED Display:
-Shows “Gas Detect System” when no harmful gas is detected.
-Shows CO and NO2 levels (e.g., “CO: 125.0 ppm”) and “WARNING: High Gas!” if
levels are high.
 Buzzer: Beeps loudly if gas levels are dangerous.
 Power: Uses a 7.4V battery with a 5V regulator or USB cable.

S.NO. IMAGE DISCRIPTION
Arduino Nano
It is a compact, breadboard-friendly
microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328, ideal for small-scale
projects requiring digital and analog
I/O.
MQ-135 Gas Sensor
It is an air quality sensor used to
detect a wide range of gases,
including ammonia, nitrogen oxides,
alcohol, benzene, smoke, and
carbon dioxide.
0.96” OLED Display (SSD1306)
It is a compact, low-power screen
with 128x64 pixel resolution,
commonly used to display text,
graphics, or sensor data in
embedded projects.
 Components Needed

SNO. IMAGE DESCRIPTION
Buzzer (Active)
It is a sound-producing device that
generates a tone when powered,
without needing an external signal.
7.4V LiPo Battery
It is a rechargeable power source
known for its high energy density,
lightweight, and ability to deliver high
current.
Breadboard
A breadboard is a reusable platform for
prototyping electronic circuits without
soldering.

S.NO. IMAGE DESCRIPTION
Jumper Wires
These are used to make quick and
flexible connections between
components on the breadboard.
USB Cable
It is used to connect devices for
data transfer and power supply,
commonly used to program and
power microcontrollers like the
Arduino Nano from a computer.

 Wiring The System
 Arduino Nano: Place on a breadboard.
 OLED Display:
-VCC → 5V rail (Nano 5V or LM7805 VOUT).
-GND → GND rail (Nano GND).
-SDA → Nano A4.
-SCL → Nano A5.
 MQ-135 Sensor:
-VCC → 5V rail.
-GND → GND rail.
-AOUT → Nano A0.

Buzzer:
-Positive → Nano D7.
-Negative → GND rail.
Power:
-LM7805: VIN to LiPo positive, GND to LiPo negative and GND rail, VOUT to 5V
rail.
-Or use USB for testing (Nano 5V to 5V rail, GND to GND rail).

 Complete Code
 Features:
-Displays “Gas Detect System” when CO < 500 ppm and NO2 < 50 ppm.
-Shows ppm and “WARNING: High Gas!” if thresholds are exceeded.
-Preheats sensor for 2 minutes to ensure accuracy.
-Prints debug data to Serial Monitor (open in Arduino IDE).
How to Use:
-Copy to Arduino IDE.
-Install libraries: Adafruit_GFX, Adafruit_SSD1306.
-Upload to Nano.

#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64
#define OLED_RESET-1
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET);
const int mq135Pin = A0;
const int buzzerPin = 6;
int gasValue = 0;
int threshold = 300; // Adjust based on calibration/environment
void setup() {
pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW);
Serial.begin(9600);

if (!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C)) {
Serial.println(F("OLED failed"));
while (1);
}
display.clearDisplay();
display.setTextSize(1);
display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);
display.setCursor(0, 0);
display.println("Gas Detection System");
display.display();
delay(2000);
}
void loop() {
gasValue = analogRead(mq135Pin);
Serial.println(gasValue);

display.clearDisplay();
display.setCursor(0, 0);
display.print("Gas Value: ");
display.println(gasValue);
if (gasValue > threshold) {
display.println("Gas Detected!");
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH);
} else {
display.println("Air OK");
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW);
}
display.display();
delay(1000);
}

 What the OLED Shows?
On Startup:
-“Gas Detection” (first screen).
-“Gas Detection” and “Preheating...” (for 2 minutes, LED blinks).-
When Safe (No Gas):
-“Gas Detect System” (CO < 500 ppm, NO2 < 50 ppm).
-Buzzer is silent.
When Gas Detected:
-“CO: X.X ppm” (e.g., “CO: 125.0 ppm”).
-“NO2: Y.Y ppm” (e.g., “NO2: 12.5 ppm”).
-“WARNING: High Gas!” if CO > 500 ppm or NO2 > 50 ppm. -
-Buzzer beeps.
-Updates every second.

 Getting Ready to Program
Step 1: Download Arduino IDE ([www.arduino.cc/en/software](https://www.arduino.cc/en/software))
Step 2: Install libraries:
-Go to *Sketch* > *Include Library* >*Manage Libraries*.
- Search and install: *Adafruit_GFX, *Adafruit_SSD1306*.
 Step 3: Connect Nano via USB.
 Step 4: Set up IDE:
-*Tools* > *Board* > *Arduino Nano*.
-*Tools* > *Processor* > *ATmega328P* (or *Old Bootloader*). -
-*Tools* > *Port*: Select COM port (e.g., COM3).
 Step 5: Copy code, click *Upload*.

 Fixing Problems
OLED Not Displaying:
-Check wiring: VCC to 5V, GND to GND, SDA to A4, SCL to A5.
-Test power: Measure 5V at OLED VCC-GND.
-Run I2C scanner to check address (should be 0x3C or 0x3D).
- Replace OLED (~$5) if faulty.
Buzzer Beeping Constantly:
-Check Serial Monitor (Tools > Serial Monitor, 9600 baud).
-If raw value >500, preheat sensor longer (20 minutes) or test outdoors.
-Test buzzer alone: Should beep for 1 second, silent for 1 second.

*Upload Error* (e.g., avrdude: stk500_paged_write(): (a) protocol error):
- Install CH340 driver ([www.wch.cn](https://www.wch.cn)).
- Use data-capable USB cable.
- Disconnect MQ-135, OLED, buzzer during upload.
- Try *Old Bootloader* or press *Reset* during upload.

 Key Takeaways
Electronics: How to connect sensors, displays, and buzzers on a breadboard.
Programming: Writing Arduino code to read sensors and control outputs.
Problem-Solving: Fixing issues like blank displays, beeping buzzers, and upload
errors.
Real-World Application: Building a device to detect harmful gases for safety.
Next Steps: Try adding more sensors or a Wi-Fi module to send alerts!

COMPONENTS
PIN ON
COMPONENT
CONNECTS TO
ARDUINO
DESCRIPTION
OLED Display VCC 5V Power supply
GND GND Ground
SCL A5 I2C Clock (for UNO)
SDA A4 I2C Data (for UNO)
Gas Sensor VCC 5V Power supply
GND GND Ground

COMPONENTS
PIN ON
COMPONENT
CONNECTS TO
ARDUINO
DESCRIPTION
AOUT A0
Analog output to Arduino
analog pin
Buzzer + (Positive) D6
Digital output to control
buzzer
- (Negative) GND Ground
LED (Built-in) - D13 (LED_BUILTIN) Preheat indicator

Building A Gas Detection System With Arduino Nano[1].pptx

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