Building envelope and insulation in Building Design.pdf
- 1. ENGINEERING SYSTEMS ARCH-4106 #7TH SEMESTER #AR. MEHREEN MUZAFFAR
- 2. Lecture # 10 & 11 Week #15 Building Envelope & Insulation System
- 3. THE EVOLUTION OF THE BUILDING ENVELOPE The Building Envelope Design Guide will constantly evolve, with its users participating in this evolution rather than simply using a set of fixed, definitive guidelines.They will thus be advancing the evolution of the building envelope itself. The first building envelope that protected humans from the elements was probably a cave that provided a degree of privacy and security.The earliest building envelopes were dome-shaped structures that combined wall and roof . At an early stage, however, the two dominant forms of envelope evolved, depending on climate and available materials: the timber frame and the masonry wall . Early shelters in the warm climates of Africa and Asia used timber or bamboo frames clad with leaves or woven textiles. In other regions and climates heavier indigenous materials such as stone, rock and clay baked by the sun were used to provide more permanent shelter and protection from the heat and cold. To this day rural regions in lesser developed countries still construct these forms of shelter. In the developed world we still use envelopes of timber frame and masonry walls, although both have evolved into a wide range of materials—some natural, others synthetic. Roofs evolved independently as waterproof elements with their own set of materials.
- 4. 1. FOUNDATIONS 2.WALLS/ WINDOWS 3. AIR 4. MOVEMENT 5. ACOUSTICS 6. DURABILITY 7. ENERGY/ROOFS
- 5. REFERENCE/ SLIDE CREDIT TO : ENG RIAZ BAIG
- 6. ▪INSULATION Introduction “To cover and surround something with a material or substance in order to stop heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering”. Material are designed to prevent heat or sound from being transmitted from one area to another. It's normally used to keep heat and/or sound in or out of your home, or to confine it to certain parts of your house. Insulation can work in a number of different ways, but it most commonly incorporates materials that consist of millions of tiny pockets of air. Still air is an extremely good insulator, and trapped pockets of air are what give most types of insulation their high thermal resistance.
- 7. Thermal/Acoustic Insulation Design Considerations and Techniques Climatic Condition Geographical Context Typology Of Building/Structure Type/selection of Material Floor Wall (Window,Doors,Openings) Ceiling(Skylight) Wall– floor gaps Gaps around doors Poor window seals Unsealed pipe runs Unsealed cable runs Permeable blockwork
- 9. Thermal Insulation to Control Heat Introduction ▪ This is the sort of insulation people normally think of first when they hear the word ‘insulation’. ▪ Thermal insulation is usually found in walls and ceilings, especially the outside walls of a home where heat is most likely to be gained or lost. ▪ The idea behind thermal insulation is very simple; to keep one side of the insulation warmer than the other. ▪ If you live in an area where the weather varies through the seasons, your insulation will need to be coupled with the correct passive design principles. ▪ If it's always hot or cold where you live, then your insulation will be incorporated into the design with that in mind.
- 10. REFERENCE/ SLIDE CREDIT TO : ENG RIAZ BAIG
- 11. OBJECTIVES/GOALS 1.Energy Efficiency: Insulating a building helps reduce the need for excessive heating or cooling. By minimizing heat transfer through walls, roofs, floors, and windows, insulation reduces the reliance on heating systems in cold climates and air conditioning in hot climates. This, in turn, lowers energy consumption and reduces utility costs. 2.Comfortable Indoor Environment: Insulation contributes to maintaining stable indoor temperatures, preventing excessive heat gain during hot weather and heat loss during cold weather. It helps to even out temperature variations within the building, providing a more comfortable living or working environment for occupants. 3.Condensation Control: Insulation helps prevent condensation by maintaining surface temperatures above the dew point. Condensation can lead to moisture-related issues such as mold growth, structural damage, and degradation of building materials. Proper insulation reduces the risk of condensation and associated problems. 4.Noise Reduction: In addition to thermal benefits, insulation can also provide some level of soundproofing. Insulation materials with sound-absorbing properties, such as mineral wool or acoustic foam, can help reduce the transmission of airborne noise between rooms or from external sources
- 12. Thermal Insulation to Control Heat ▪ The effectiveness of thermal insulation is measured by what's known as 'R values'. The higher the R value, the better the thermal insulation it provides. ▪ There are two ways R-Values are specified, this can be the R-Value of the insulation material itself known as the Rm, or the Total R value of the construction including all other layers of materials which may be concrete, bricks plasterboard etc. ▪ Total R Value is known as the RT. Reflective membranes when incorporated into a building system that has a still air space (not less than 20mm) will add to the RT of the construction - but the reflective material itself does NOT have an Rm.
- 17. MATERIALS • Fiberglass: Made from glass fibers, fiberglass insulation is widely used due to its affordability, versatility, and good thermal performance. It comes in batts, rolls, or loose- fill forms. • Mineral Wool: Mineral wool insulation is made from spun or blown mineral fibers, typically derived from rock or slag. It offers excellent fire resistance, sound absorption, and thermal properties. • Cellulose: Cellulose insulation is composed of recycled paper fibers treated with fire retardants. It is often blown into wall cavities or attics and provides good thermal and sound insulation. • Foam Insulation:Various types of foam insulation, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), and polyurethane foam, are used for their high insulation values and ability to create an air barrier. • Reflective Insulation: Reflective insulation utilizes a radiant barrier material, often aluminum foil, to reflect heat away from the building. It is typically used in attics or on roof surfaces
- 26. Acoustic Insulation to Control Sound ▪Introduction ▪ In addition to controlling heat, insulation can also be used to control sound - and to some extent every type if insulation will help to control both. Acoustic insulation is normally found in walls, ceilings and floors, but specialized soundproofing is usually reserved for special applications (like home theatres, for example). ▪ Likewise, if you live in an area where external noise from things like busy roads, airports, train lines or industrial machinery is an intrusion, you may also want to look at specialized ways to keep that sound outside. Acoustic insulation measures, particularly for windows, ceilings and walls, can make a big difference to your sanity.
- 27. ▪OBJECTIVES/GOALS 1.Privacy: Sound insulation helps to maintain privacy by preventing sound from one room or area from leaking into another. It ensures that conversations, activities, or noise generated in one space are not easily heard in adjacent spaces. 2.Comfort: Insulating against external noise sources, such as traffic, construction, or loud neighbors, helps create a more peaceful and comfortable indoor environment. Unwanted noise can be disruptive, affect concentration, and cause stress or sleep disturbances. Sound insulation reduces these disturbances and enhances overall comfort. 3.Productivity and Concentration: In commercial settings such as offices, educational institutions, or healthcare facilities, sound insulation plays a vital role in promoting productivity and concentration. By minimizing distractions and reducing the transmission of noise from neighboring spaces, it allows individuals to focus on their tasks and improve their performance. 4.Compliance with Building Codes and Regulations: Many building codes and regulations include requirements for sound insulation to ensure the safety and well-being of occupants.These standards aim to prevent excessive noise levels that could be harmful or disruptive to human health and quality of life.
- 28. Design Considerations /Techniques • Mass: Adding mass to walls, floors, and ceilings helps block sound transmission. Materials with high density, such as concrete, brick, or thick drywall, are effective in reducing sound transfer. • Decoupling: Decoupling involves creating air gaps or using resilient materials to separate different structural components, such as walls or floors, to prevent sound vibrations from easily traveling between them. • Absorption: Sound-absorbing materials, like acoustic panels, foams, or insulation, are used to reduce sound reflections within a space.They absorb sound energy rather than allowing it to bounce around and amplify. • Sealing: Proper sealing of gaps, cracks, and openings in walls, windows, doors, and ductwork helps prevent sound leakage.Weatherstripping, caulking, and acoustic seals are employed to ensure a tight and soundproof barrier. • Isolation: Isolating mechanical equipment, such as HVAC systems or pumps, through the use of vibration isolation mounts or pads helps prevent the transmission of their noise to occupied spaces. • Reverberation:(also known as reverb)it is a persistence of sound after it is produced.Reverberation is created when a sound or signal is reflected.This causes numerous reflections to build up and then decay as the sound is absorbed by the surfaces of objects in the space – which could include furniture, people, and air.
- 29. ▪Acoustic Insulation ▪Meeting Room ▪Treatment on wall and floors
- 35. ▪Mosque
- 36. ▪Opera
- 37. ▪Auditorium
- 38. ▪Cine screen
- 39. ▪Lecture Room