BUSINESS SILOS INTEGRATION USING SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE

International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.2, No.2, April 2012
DOI : 10.5121/ijcsea.2012.2206 71
BUSINESS SILOS INTEGRATION USING SERVICE
ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
Rajashri Hiremath1
and Dr R Selvarani2
1
Department of Computer Engineering, MSRIT, VTU, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
rajashrihiremath@gmail.com
2
Department of Computer Engineering, MSRIT, VTU, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
selvarani.riic@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Agile integration satisfies the business agility and provides solutions for maintaining business changes and
ensures that the enterprise survives in the current competition. Any business should be robust enough to
respond to end user request. Existing traditional enterprise applications are in-capable of integrating with
different business silos lacks to improve the business agility. To address this issue, this paper is about the
agile integration of different business silos using “Service Oriented Architecture” and its core technology
enables the business enterprise systems flexible, loosely coupled and improves agility. Enterprise business
systems have to adopt Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) as it promises to help them respond more
rapidly to changing business requirements by composing new solutions from existing business services.
Here the definition of SOA, its layers and the core technologies have been discussed.
KEYWORDS
Service Oriented Architecture, Enterprise Service Bus, Business Process Execution Language, Business
Rules Engine, Web Service Description Language, Quality of Service
1. INTRODUCTION
Current business systems are developed monolithically, which is difficult to integrate with other
business systems and lack in co-ordination. Redundant information is resided in each of the
monolithic systems and consolidation of this information from these systems is awful. Along with
the rapid, worldwide development of information technology, information systems for all
purposes is needed everywhere. The existing business systems have failed to meet the rapid
development changes required. Also these systems possibly will not be able to adapt in intensely
changing market and correspondingly changing business. A system needs to be built, which
provides loose coupling, platform independence, and language independent architecture, which
improves agility and act in response to the speed of a business enterprise.
To overcome this problem, SOA provides an agile based architecture towards integrating these
monolithic systems, which address the technology agility to achieve the business agility by
operational efficiency, cost and time-to-market and provide a unified view of information across
silos.

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2. BACKGROUND
In SOA, the services and workflows have a close relationship. A number of services can
constitute workflows and the service itself can be achieved based on workflows. Because of
dynamic changes of the organization and service, the distributed computing method is quite
different with the traditional workflow management model. Also, [4] the architecture of SOA
embodies the characteristics of distributed computing. So in order to resolve the service oriented
workflow management system across different organizations, a system based [13] on the structure
of a service-oriented workflow management system in a number of services and the workflow
management, and their communications standards can be seen. [2] Major distributed systems,
such as educational system, are difficult to develop due to their complex and decentralized nature.
SOA is a new form of distributed software architecture. [11] It facilitates the development of such
systems by supporting modular design, application integration interoperation and software reuse.
With open standards, such as XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI, It also supports interoperability
between services operating on different platforms and between applications implemented in
different programming languages. Maintainability [2] of educational services is easier than
before, because educational services are divided with respect to category and functions. [7] It can
be used with GIS applications too. In which it consists of a reference model, conceptual model,
and a design method. Reference model shows roadmap of any future architectural and design
efforts. Conceptual model introduces a conceptual service oriented solution for reference model.
Finally, service oriented design method leads organizations to reach the solution through specific
process. As a result, it provides general software architecture, which covers both real enterprise
requirements and GIS concerns. It is an agile model with proper patterns, which increases
interoperability and reusability across the enterprise. Also the model can adopt itself with any
organizations and can be customized to any specific GIS applications. [7]
There are various frameworks developed with SOA for different enterprises. Few of the
frameworks developed are as follows. Service-oriented architectures support distributed
heterogeneous environments, where business transactions occur among loosely connected
services. Ensuring a secure infrastructure for this environment is challenging. [1] There are
various approaches to addressing information security, each with its own set of benefits and
difficulties. Additionally, organizations can adopt vendor-based information security frameworks
to assist them in implementing adequate information security controls. Unfortunately, there is no
standard information security framework, which has been adopted for service-oriented
architectures. Information security components for a service-oriented architecture environment
are proposed based on the analysis of information security challenges faced by service-oriented
architectures. [1, 16] SOA has created opportunities to improve agility and speeds in aligning
business needs with information technology infrastructure. Most of the organizations in the
process of applying this technology encounter with challenges and may have failure despite
spending a lot of energy and huge investments. Hence they need to implement a service oriented
framework for SOA governance maturity and to aim at the current status of governance,
determine their requirements and then offer a suitable [15] model for it.
Three dimensions identify for the framework: maturity levels, governance maturity levels and
adoption domains. Through a good framework, organization can recognize its current situation
better and determine its future status easier. [5, 14] It is an architectural pattern providing agility
to align technical solutions to modular business services that are decoupled from service
consumers. Service capabilities such as interface options, quality of service, throughput, security
and other constraints are described in the Service Level Agreement that would typically be
published in the service registry (UDDI) for use by customers and/or mediation mechanisms. For
mobile data streaming [10] applications, problems arise when a service provider’s SLA attributes

73
cannot be mapped one-to-one to the service consumers (i.e. 150MB/sec video stream service
provider to 5MB/sec data consumer). Hence a generic framework prototype[9, 17] for managing
and disseminating streaming data within a SOA environment as an alternative to custom service
implementations based upon specific consumers or data types can be obtained. Based on that
framework, a set of services were implemented to demonstrate the flexibility of streaming data
framework within SOA environment. A prototype comprising a set of services that can control
and disseminate data streaming within a generic framework that is language and encoding
independent could be implemented. Hence unnecessary or unwanted network traffic that would
otherwise tax the bandwidth, energy, and processing capacities of mobile devices could be
minimized [3].
IT [6, 12] solutions and services are being developed, debugged, deployed and delivered from
clouds to be conveniently consumed by global users via the open and public web. The web and
the cloud resources are smartly combined and leveraged to ring in a series of delectable
improvements and improvisations in the ways and means in which IT is being approached,
analysed, and articulated. With the availability of slim and sleek devices, the cloud idea is to enter
into a totally exotic and strange phase. One noteworthy derivative out of all these hot happenings
in the cloud world is the eruption of service oriented cloud applications (SOCAs) due to the cool
convergence of service orientation and cloud paradigms. The performance bottlenecks of SOCAs
by taking into account a number of diverse scenarios can be observed. A new performance
calculation as well as enhancement mechanism for this type of flexible and futuristic cloud-based
applications can be presented [6, 12].
3. SOA ARCHITECTURE
SOA is a technology that makes it possible to link a variety of resources on a network for use as
and when needed. The use of it, is more flexible in how resources are connected and utilized
simultaneously than [8] in other types of system architecture designs. Service Oriented
Architecture can be especially helpful when larger numbers of users are connected with the
system, especially if there are remote users that must have access to specific applications residing
on the network. SOA is an application architecture, in which application components or
“services” are well defined using common interfaces, utilize a contract to define how services will
be invoked, and interact in a loosely coupled manner.
3.1 SOA LAYERS
SOA Layers, where the business process, services and enterprise component’s specific systems
reside. The following diagram depicts the architecture of composite services which align with
business processes.
Layer 1 – Operational Systems–It is the bottom layer which describes about the business
operational systems, which contains legacy, non-legacy systems, ERP, CRM and old traditional
systems.
Layer 2 – Component - It consists of technology specific business components, which provides
the functional realization of services.
Layer 3 – Services - The Services layer consists of portfolio of service components specific to
business units exposed as interfaces by means of service description (WSDL).
Layer 4 – Business Process - It provides the business orchestration of services which includes
sequential flow of acts in a process.

74
Layer 5 – Presentation- This Layer is out of scope from SOA prospective, but provides the means
of communication to business through the channels like internet (WWW), mobile, ATM etc.
Layer 6 –Integration– This layer is a back bone, which enables the integration of services through
messaging, routing and transformation.
Layer 7 – QoS - This provides the security, performance and availability of service.
QoS, Security, Management and Monitoring 7
Integration Architecture 6
(Enterprise Service Bus)
Presentation 5
Business Process 4
(Process choreography)
Services 3
(Composite Services)
Component-based 2
(Project or Enterprise Components)
Operational Systems 1
Figure 1. SOA Layers
3.2 WHY AND WHEN SOA?
SOA is the existing technology which is implemented in industry. The technical
characteristics are focused on the distributed technology and loosely coupled interfaces
using open standards and driven through the process, message centric solutions. Web
services are a common channel of integration across platforms in SOA which work on
common communication transportation standards like XML, SOAP, and HTTP.
The following circumstances demand a need of SOA:
1. When there is a demand for high availability of business function.
2. When there is demand for Unified Information view.
3. When there is data not shared across channels.
4. Multiple applications need re-usable functions and data.
5. When there is increased operational cost.
6. When there is Business merger and acquisitions to expand their core business.
7. When there is increased business competition. And
8. Demand for more rapid business models, process across silos.
3.3 WHEN NOT SOA?
The following situations do not require a SOA solution:

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1. he business demands should be developed as simple as possible.
2. When the business cost does not reduce by operations by 10% or High.
3. When there is no improvement in customer satisfaction by 20 %.
4. The demand of the project is only to integrate the technologies.
5. The operational infrastructure must be as simple as possible.
6. When the service needs to provide a required unit of business functionality that supports
business process and goals
7. The existence of the service help in eliminating redundant implementations, i.e. promote
reuse.
4. CORE INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGIES
4.1 ENTERPRISE SERVICE BUS
Enterprise Service Bus is the channel for communication between parts, between applications
which is accomplished by using messaging, transformation and routing. ESB providers provide
adapters for interacting SOAP services, file systems, databases, FTP servers, Java Messaging
Services, legacy systems, etc. Typically the services which are offered by ESB are messaging
services, management services, Interface services, Mediation and Security services.
4.2 BUSINESS PROCESS EXECUTION LANGUAGE
BPEL is a language for orchestrating web services to automate business process. It is evolved as
the leading standard for web service integration and business process co-ordination. BPEL
Follows three fundamental principles, asynchrony, flow co-ordination and exception
management. Several Java Integrated Development Environments on the market offer extensive
tool support for BPEL. These IDEs offer GUI based tools that allows the developer to drag and
drop services and activities from a palette onto a graphical representation of the business process.
4.3 BUSINESS RULES ENGINE
Business rules engine separates the key deciding logic of a process. This is an abstraction layer
which enables to change the rules faster and easier without affecting the business logic. The
defined rules are available through a centralized syntactic layer, which are spread throughout the
business process. BRE provides an ability to modify the execution of processes that will
ultimately enhance the viability of each process solution.
5. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE BASED ON SOA CORE TECHNOLOGIES
Following is the model system architecture of SOA using the core technologies.

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Figure 2. Model System Architecture of SOA
The model architecture comprises of Delivery channel Layer, Business Process Layer, Integration
Service Layer and Information Solutions Layer.
A delivery channel provides a seamless integration with different enterprise application systems.
Generally it provides services via portals, application programs, web service, ATM, Call Center
etc.
Business Process Layer is mainly focused on orchestration to provide value to the respective
business function both with respect to business and IT. Process is focused on organizing the
service by connecting the coarse grained service to fine grained service for fulfilment of the
business needs and routes to the respective service. This acts as an accelerator through the
collaboration of undergoing business and service.
Integration Services Layer can be segregated as business service, information service, data
service which connects to respective information resources for a particular business function.
Usually the communication across the enterprise business information solutions is very
demanding and difficult to re-use and co-ordinate in terms of functions and data. In SOA,
messages are critical to deliver end-to-end services. Messages must be guaranteed a quick and
correct delivery. To enhance messages transportation between services, we can use a core
management service solution the enterprise service bus, which is the back bone of SOA
architecture and helps in integrating with various enterprises business information solutions. ESB
is a special layer that runs on top of the network that provides a guaranteed messaging service for
most of the important messages on the network. This makes the Integration service layer and
Information solutions layer playing a vital role in SOA. Ideally the business processes are isolated

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from business service, which makes these layers agile and helps in changing the business
requirements and its process rapidly without having an impact on the other services.
Quality of Service
Mission critical enterprise systems require an essential and additional basic requirement of
addressing the QoS requirements by adopting security, reliability and transactions. In general,
security is one of the key environments, special concerns and considerations of every
organization to protect business information, sensitive user data and establish trust relationships
with organization business systems. As any business needs a flexible, customizable infrastructure,
so that it can adapt to new requirements and regulations, as business needs a dynamic trust
relationships with partners’ customers and employees. To meet these business needs we need to
leverage a security services infrastructure.
SOA environment should emphasize on some of the following key security challenges;
1. Need for user and service identities so that appropriate security controls are applied
across the organization.
2. Need seamless connection to other organizations on real-time, transactional basis.
3. Need to manage identity and security across a range of systems and services that are
implemented in a diverse mix of new and old technologies.
4. Need to protect the business data during transit and at rest.
5. Need for demonstrable compliance with a growing set of corporate, industry, and
regulatory standards.
To address the above risks the main goals of SOA security are Confidentiality, Integrity, and
Availability and in addition Authentication, Authorization, Auditing / Monitoring, Policy driven,
and Hack proof. Authentication allows access only to the intended application that invokes the
application. Authorization controls access to defined set of services and /or operations within a
service. Auditing maintains a history of service calls and all activities within the SOA
infrastructure. Integrity ensures that data which is entered is not corrupted. The Policy dictates the
capability of the service provider by specifying web service’s conditions under which the service
is provided. Hack proof ensures that the service boundaries are not crossed to prevent several web
service specific attacks such as XML Manipulation, schema attacks etc. The following are the
industry standards for SOA Security which can be understood by every vendors and organizations
that follow a common approach, so that the solutions are re-used, which benefit the parties by
reducing the time, effort and investment and avoid them in re-inventing.
Figure 3. Industry Standards of SOA Security
SOA Security Standards
Authentication WS-Security, WS-Trust, WS-Secure
Conversation
Authorization XACML (eXtensible Access Control Mark-up
Language)
Federation SAML ( Single Sign-On)
Policy WS-Policy, WS-Security Policy , WS-Metadata
Exchange
Confidentiality XML-Encrypt, SSL, XML-Signature
Reliability WS-Reliability, WS-Reliable Messaging

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Enterprise Service Bus also allows the security and monitoring to be applied to services without
modifying their core functionality. BAM (Business Activity Monitoring) is used to monitor the
business process and end-to-end transactions.
6. SOFTWARE PROVIDERS FOR SOA IMPLEMENTATION
SOA platform is the technology component upon which organizations build, model, and
implement the data models, services, and extensions. Because SOA services stretch across the
enterprise, it is essential that the integration platform accommodate the organization’s enterprise-
wide business processes. Finally, the vendor tools / software products would act as accelerators for
integrating applications from one or multiple systems.
There are few software providers which respond to customer needs for agility, interoperability,
business process and connectivity in their enterprise systems. Oracle is one of the software
providers which fulfils the demands and needs of the organizations enterprise business, using SOA
services.
The channel applications are the client applications which are either thick / thin or web based or
mobile based applications developed in JEE / Microsoft / legacy Platform. These applications are
very domain specific which are developed / customized for the organizations demands.
The following table provides the JEE environment software’s for SOA Platform using Oracle
Software Provider tools;
Figure 4. Sample Software Provider Solutions Using SOA
Layer Integration Technologies Product Offerings
Business Process Layer BPM Oracle BPA and BPEL
Business rules Oracle Business Rules
Integration Service
Layer
ESB Oracle Service Bus
QOS User Management (
Security)
Oracle Identity Management
(OID)
Monitoring Oracle Business Activity
Monitoring ( BAM)
Oracle WSM
Operational Layer Analytics Oracle Business Intelligence
(BI)
7. ENTERPRISE BUSINESS INFORMATION SOLUTIONS REALIZATION USING
SOA CORE TECHNOLOGIES
In this section we have a discussion about realization of enterprise business information solutions
using core technologies of SOA. Legacy systems are computer systems that have been in
operation for a long time, and whose functions are too essential to be disrupted by upgrading or
integration with another system despite its poor competitiveness. Legacy systems compatibility
with modern equivalents has been facilitated via wrapper services. Wrapper service is a type of
integration service that encapsulates and exposes logic of residing within a legacy system via
standard Web services interface to be integrated in the new SOA based systems. Utilizing SOA,
we can realize to build new applications within enterprises, which expose the ease of integration

79
capabilities between newly adapted/developed applications and existing applications. The
following figure 5 is an example of “Realization of Business Information Solutions Using SOA”
The use case “New Credit Card Request” starts as follows, Existing end user requests for a “New
Credit Card” online through the financial business portal. The submitted request by channel is
sent as Soap over HTTP request which is processed by the SOA server. The location of the web
service and WSDL information is sent to the application server. The request submitted by the user
is executed asynchronously and the response will be sent to end user. The business information is
processed by BPEL engine to execute the specific business process which is requested by the end
user. The process executes sequential tasks to fulfil the requirement. As part of the process first
the “User Information is captured from one of the business silo “SAP CRM”, based on the user
information, the external “Credit Score System” is connected by the service to decide whether the
user is eligible for credit card or not. Next based on the user profile and credit score information
the respective financial supervisor will approve or reject. After the approval, the request will be
placed to create a credit card for the customer and his information will be maintained in the “Card
Management System” which is a legacy system, which is hosted in Mainframe environment.
Once the card is created the customer will be notified through the mail communication. The mail
server is hosted as part of IT Infrastructure.
On realization of SOA system, it helps to adapt to business agility and respond to the speed of
enterprise business.
Figure 5. Realization of Business Information Solutions Using SOA
8. CONCLUSION
SOA is much more flexible, when compared to EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) and other
architectures. It mainly focuses on the technological problem, system integration and service
encapsulation, and BPM takes charge of the change of management mode. BPM requires
enterprise, build definite process system and have effective management. The EAI based on SOA
core technology can effectively improve the systems’ response speed, and realize the
complementary advantages of them. Therefore, from the aspects of the management and

80
technology, the merging of enterprise information systems using SOA enhances the flexibility and
responsiveness in the enterprise application systems and ultimately satisfies the business agility.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are thankful for the Computer Science and Engineering department and management of M S
Ramaiah Institute of Technology for having provided all the necessary research facilities.
Biography:
Dr R Selvarani: Dr R. Selvarani holds MI.Tech., Ph.D. in Computer Science and
Engineering and has around 20 years of experience in teaching and research. She has
published several research papers in computer science and holds two patents. She has been
awarded Best Teacher Award twice in various institutions. Currently she is working as a
Professor, Head of Department at M S Ramaiah Institute of technology, Bangalore, India.
Rajashri Y Hiremath: I am pursuing my Mtech in Computer Science and Engineering
at MS Ramaiah Institue of Technology, affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Bangalore, Karnataka. I worked in IT for around 5 years.

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