C++ concept of Polymorphism
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Polymorphism in object-oriented programming (OOP) refers to the concept of 'one name, multiple forms,' and is categorized into compile-time (static) and run-time (dynamic) polymorphism. Compile-time polymorphism includes function and operator overloading, while run-time polymorphism is achieved using virtual functions. Example codes illustrate how function overloading and virtual functions allow flexibility in method invocation and binding based on arguments and object types.
C++ concept of Polymorphism
- 2. What Is Polymorphism Polymorphism means ‘one name, multiple forms’. Polymorphism is one of the crucial features of OOP.
- 3. polymorphism COMPLIE TIME (EARLY BINDING OR STSTIC BINDING) Function overloading Operator overloading RUNTIME (DYNAMIC BINDING) Virtual function
- 4. Compile Time Polymorphism:- For every function call compiler binds the call to one function definition at compile time. This decision of binding among several functions is taken by considering formal arguments of the function, their data type and their sequence. There are two type of compile time polymorphism. Function overloading. Operator overloading
- 5. – Overloading:- • Two or more methods with different signatures. – Overriding:- • Replacing an inherited method with another having the same signature.
- 6. Example of Function overloading /* C++ Program to return absolute value of variable types integer and float using function overloading */ #include <iostream> using namespace std; int absolute(int); float absolute(float); int main() { int a = -5; float b = 5.5;
- 7. cout<<"Absolute value of "<<a<<" = "<<absolute(a)<<endl; cout<<"Absolute value of "<<b<<" = "<<absolute(b); return 0; } int absolute(int var) { if (var < 0) var = -var; return var; } float absolute(float var){ if (var < 0.0) var = -var; return var; } Output:- Absolute value of -5 = 5 Absolute value of 5.5 = 5.5
- 8. Run time Polymorphism C++ allows binding to be delayed till run time. When you have a function with same name, equal number of arguments and same data type in same sequence in base class as well derived class and a function call of form: base_class_type_ptr- >member_function(args); will always call base class member function. The keyword virtual on a member function in base class indicates to the compiler to delay the binding till run time. Every class with atleast one virtual function has a vtable that helps in binding at run time.
- 9. Run time polymorphism is also known as Dynamic binding and Also known as late binding. – In Dynamic binding Calls to overridden methods are resolved at execution time, based on the type of object referenced
- 10. Example of run time polymorphism: class Base { public: virtual void display(int i) { cout<<"Base::"<<i; } }; class Derv: public Base { public: void display(int j) { cout<<"Derv::"<<j; } }; int main() { Base *ptr=new Derv; ptr->display(10); return 0; } Output: Derv::10